The production of heavy-quark (HQ) jets is a new area that addresses the mass effect of jet quenching in heavy-ion physics. This paper presents a theoretical study of HQ jet yield suppression in Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and focuses on the energy loss of HQ jets produced by different mechanisms. The $\textit{p+p}$ baseline is provided by the generator simulation of high-energy reactions of particles (SHERPA), and the jet-medium interactions are described by the SHELL transport model, which considers the elastic and inelastic partonic energy loss in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). In $\textit{p+p}$ collisions, our numerical results indicate that the HQ jets from gluon splitting ( $ g \rightarrow Q $ -jet) are the dominant contribution at high $ p_T $ , displaying more dispersive structures than the HQ-initiated ( $ Q \rightarrow Q $ -jet). In nucleus-nucleus collisions, our calculations were consistent with the inclusive and b-jet $ R_{AA} $ recently measured by the ATLAS collaboration, revealing a remarkable manifestation of the mass effect of jet energy loss. As a result of the dispersive substructure, the $ g \rightarrow Q $ -jet loses more energy than the $ Q \rightarrow Q $ -jet in the QGP. Due to the significant contribution of $ g \rightarrow c $ -jet, the $ R_{AA} $ of $\textit{c}$-jet is comparable or even smaller than that of inclusive jet. To experimentally distinguish the $ g \rightarrow Q $ -jet and $ Q \rightarrow Q $ -jet, we propose event selection strategies based on their topological features and test their performances. By isolating the $ c \rightarrow c $ -jet, $ b \rightarrow b $ -jet, and the jets initiated by heavy quarks, we predicted that the order of their $ R_{AA} $ are in line with the mass hierarchy of energy loss. Future measurements on the $ R_{AA} $ of $ Q \rightarrow Q $ -jet and $ g \rightarrow Q $ -jet will provide a unique opportunity for testing the flavor/mass dependence of energy loss at the jet level.

China

Sa Wang

Shuang Li

Yao Li

Ben-Wei Zhang

Enke Wang

Probing the mass effect of heavy quark jets in high-energy nuclear collisions * Supported by the MajorProject of Basic and Applied Basic Research of Guangdong Province, China (2020B0301030008, 2023A1515011460), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11935007, 12035007, 12247127, 12375137). Sa Wang is supported by the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics (MOE) (QLPL2023P01) and the Talent Scientific Star-up Foundation of the China Three Gorges University, China (CTGU) (2024RCKJ013)

We calculate the time-like $$\rho $$ electromagnetic (EM) form factor in the $$k_T$$ factorization formalism by including the next-to-leading-order (NLO) corrections of the leading-twist and sub-leading twist contributions. It’s observed that the NLO correction to the magnitude of the LO leading-twist form factor is lower than $$30\%$$ at large invariant mass squared $$Q^2 > 30 \,\text {GeV}^2$$ . It is found that the $$\rho $$ meson EM form factor is dominated by twist-3 contribution instead of by twist-2 one because of the end-point enhancement. The theoretical predictions of the moduli of three helicity amplitudes and total cross section are analyzed at $$\sqrt{s}=10.58$$ GeV, which are consistent with measurements from BABAR Collaboration.

Ya-Lan Zhang

Si-Yu Wang

Chao Wang

Zhen-Jun Xiao

Ya Li

Next-to-leading-order time-like rho electromagnetic form factors in $${k_{\textrm{T}}}$$ factorization

<p>We accomplish for the first time the next-to-leading-order computation of the weak annihilation contribution to the electroweak penguin decays <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mrow><mo stretchy="false">{</mo><mi>K</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>π</mi><mo stretchy="false">}</mo></mrow><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>−</mo></msup></math>, which is an essential missing piece of the complete QCD correction to the matrix elements of hadronic operators in the weak effective Hamiltonian. Both the hard functions and the jet functions in the perturbative factorization formulas from the short-distance fluctuations at the two distinct scales <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>b</mi></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msqrt><mrow><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>b</mi></msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi></mrow></msqrt></math> are determined at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>α</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>. We then demonstrate that the one-loop weak annihilation correction can bring about the noticeable impacts on theory predictions for the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> asymmetries and the isospin asymmetry in the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>π</mi><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>−</mo></msup></math> decays.</p>

Yong-Kang Huang

Yue-Long Shen

Yu-Ming Wang

Next-to-Leading-Order Weak-Annihilation Correction to Rare <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mo stretchy="false">{</mo><mi>K</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>π</mi><mo stretchy="false">}</mo><msup><mrow><mo>ℓ</mo></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mo>ℓ</mo></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math> Decays

The direct CP asymmetry in the weak decay process of hadrons is commonly attributed to the weak phase of the CKM matrix and the indeterminate strong phase. We propose a method to generate a significant phase difference through the interference between ρ and ω mesons, taking into account the G-parity allowed decay process of   $\omega \rightarrow \pi^{+}\pi^{-}\pi^{0}$   and the G-parity-suppressed decay process of   $\omega \rightarrow \pi^{+}\pi^{-}\pi^{0}$   in B meson decays. This interference can lead to notable changes in the CP asymmetry within the interference region. Additionally, we calculate the integral results for different phase space regions of the four-body decay process. We hope that our work provides valuable theoretical guidance for future experimental investigations on CP asymmetry in these decays.

Xi-Liang Yuan

Gang Lü

Na Wang

The resonance effect for the CP asymmetry associated with the process   

We construct a new stellar compact object model in the regime of anisotropic pressure using the framework of gravitational decoupling via minimal geometric deformation, with the particularity that the seed solution used is the known Kohler–Chao–Tikekar cosmological solution. As an extra condition to close the Einstein’s field equations resulting for this construction, we use a generalised complexity factor for self-gravitating spheres to the well-known Wyman IIa solution. The resulting model fulfils the fundamental physical acceptability stellar conditions for a compactness factor of a pulsar SMC X-1. The stability of the model is also investigated.

Ecuador

B. Siza

J. Andrade

D. Santana

Pakistan

Azerbaijan

Tayyab Naseer

Anisotropic extension of the Kohler–Chao–Tikekar cosmological solution with like Wyman IIa complexity factor

We determine for the first time the renormalization-group equation for the three-particle <math><mi>B</mi></math>-meson soft function dictating the nonperturbative strong interaction dynamics of the long-distance penguin contributions to the double radiative <math><mi>B</mi></math>-meson decays. The distinctive feature of the ultraviolet renormalization of this fundamental soft function consists in the pattern of mixing positive into negative support for an arbitrary initial condition. The exact solution to this integrodifferential evolution equation is then derived with the Laplace transform technique, allowing for the model-independent extraction of the asymptotic behavior at large and small partonic momenta.

Germany

Yao Ji

Xue-Chen Zhao

Renormalization-Group Evolution for the Three-Particle <math><mi>B</mi></math>-Meson Soft Function

This work explores the construction of spherically symmetric models of stellar interiors by incorporating the null complexity factor (CF) as an additional constraint. This supplementary condition helps us to close an array of stellar structure equations resulting from the process of gravitational decoupling. By making use of MGD-type gravitational decoupling we analyze the role of gravitational decoupling and its impact on the complexity of static, self-gravitational systems. We begin by considering an anisotropic seed solution described by the Kohler–Chao–Tikekar metric ansatz. We then apply the minimal geometric deformation technique to this seed solution, imposing the constraint that the effective anisotropic factor vanishes. This constraint leads to the generation of an isotropic stellar solution. Furthermore, we construct a second family of solutions in which the CF, remains the same for both the seed solution and its minimally deformed counterpart. Our analysis further investigated the influence of both the deformation parameter and the CF on the structural properties of the static and spherically symmetric stellar objects.

Saudi Arabia

Abeer Albalahi

Z. Yousaf

S. Khan

Akbar Ali

Anisotropic interior models with Kohler–Chao–Tikekar-like complexity factor

This paper is devoted to obtaining and studying two interior exact solutions of Einstein’s Field Equations (EFE) for spherical geometry in the context of gravitational decoupling (GD) through minimal geomentric deformation (MGD). We take the well-known Kohler–Chao–Tikekar cosmological solution as a seed in the framework of GD to first obtain an isotropic solution, which is decoupled again in order to obtain a second stellar anisotropic solution. Both resulting models turn out to be physically viable stellar models. Their stability is also being studied.

 Oswaldo-Villacrés

S. Carrera

Gravitational decoupled interior solutions from Kohler–Chao–Tikekar cosmological model

In this study, the Ruppeiner geometry and fluctuations of a four-dimensional charged Anti-de Sitter (AdS) black hole within the context of extensive thermodynamics have been investigated. By fixing the AdS radius in Vissers' construction, an extensive thermodynamics description of the RN-AdS black hole is established, with the central charge playing the role of the particle number, introducing the concept of a subsystem into black hole thermodynamics. By employing the density of thermodynamic variables, the phase transition of the black hole is reexamined, and this result holds for black holes with different AdS backgrounds. Furthermore, the authors delve into a detailed analysis of the Ruppeiner geometry using fluctuation theory. Interestingly, an increase in the particle number of the smaller subsystem is found to induce a reduction in the thermodynamic curvature scalar.

Shi-Peng Yin

Zhen-Ming Xu

Bin Wu

Wen-Li Yang

Ruppeiner geometry and the fluctuation of the RN-AdS black hole in framework of the extensive thermodynamics

This work is devoted to transforming the known cosmological solution of Kohler–Chao–Tikekar into an anisotropic interior solution using the framework of Gravitational Decoupling by minimal geometric deformation. The resulting interior solution fulfils the fundamental physical acceptability stellar conditions for a specific set of compactness factors. The stability of the model is also investigated.

K. Ortega

W. Klínger

R. Copa

S. Medina

J. Cruz

Anisotropic extension of Kohler–Chao–Tikekar solution by minimal geometric deformation