A low-mass right-handed neutrino could interact with electroweak bosons via mixing, a mediator particle, or loop corrections. Using an effective field theory, we determine constraints on these interactions from <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>W</mi></math>-boson measurements at hadron colliders. Due to the difference in the initial states at the Tevatron and the LHC, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>W</mi></math>-boson decays to a right-handed neutrino would artificially increase the mass measured at the Tevatron while only affecting the difference between <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>W</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>W</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></math> mass measurements at the LHC. Measurements from CDF and the LHC are used to infer the corresponding parameter values, which are found to be inconsistent between the two. The LHC experiments can improve sensitivity to these interactions by measuring the cosine of the helicity angle using <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>W</mi></math> bosons produced with transverse momentum above <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>≈</mo><mn>50</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></math>.

United Kingdom

Rodrigo Alonso

Michael Spannowsky

Sam Bates

Chris Hays

Chris Pollard

Sensitivity of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>W</mi></math>-boson measurements to low-mass right-handed neutrinos

In this paper, we identify a novel topological subclass, dubbed <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>W</mi><mo stretchy="false">˜</mo></mover><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math>, in the thermodynamics of higher odd-dimensional, multiply rotating Kerr anti–de Sitter (AdS) black holes. This discovery extends the established topological classification beyond the five classes and two subclasses previously known. The <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>W</mi><mo stretchy="false">˜</mo></mover><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math> subclass exhibits a unique and previously unreported stability profile: it admits a thermodynamically stable small black hole state in the low-temperature limit, while in the high-temperature limit, the phase space simultaneously contains one stable large black hole, one stable small black hole, and one unstable small black hole state. Our analysis, which treats black hole solutions as topological defects, reveals a richer landscape of black hole thermodynamics than previously understood and necessitates an expansion of the topological classification scheme to accommodate this new phenomenology.

China

Wangyu Ai

Di Wu

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>W</mi><mo stretchy="false">˜</mo></mover><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math> subclass: Extending the topological classification of black hole thermodynamics

The analysis of the latest most accurate experimental data on neutron decay for the possibility of the existence of the right vector boson <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mi>W</mi><mi>R</mi></msub></mrow></math> is carried out. As a result of the analysis within the framework of the left-right symmetric model, it was found that there is an indication of the existence of the right vector boson <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mi>W</mi><mi>R</mi></msub></mrow></math> with a mass of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mi>M</mi><mrow><msub><mi>W</mi><mi>R</mi></msub></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msubsup><mn>304</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>20</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>24</mn></mrow></msubsup><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></mrow></math>, and a mixing angle with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mi>W</mi><mi>L</mi></msub></mrow></math>: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>ζ</mi><mo>=</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>0.039</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.0</mn><mn>1</mn><mn>4</mn></mrow></math>. It is shown that this result does not contradict the experiments at colliders to search for a hypothetical vector boson. In addition, it is shown that it is possible to describe the effects of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></math> violation in decays of neutral <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>K</mi></math>-mesons and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>D</mi></math>-mesons using the parameters of the extended left-right symmetric model obtained from neutron decay, i.e., squared masses of the left and right bosons ratio and the mixing angle. The formation of baryon-lepton asymmetry of the Universe is considered within the framework of the left-right model of weak interaction with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></math> violation.

Russia

A.P. Serebrov

O.M. Zherebtsov

A.K. Fomin

R.M. Samoilov

N.S. Budanov

Analysis of experimental data on neutron decay for the possibility of the existence of the right vector boson <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>W</mi><mi>R</mi></msub></math>

The study of extra charged gauge bosons beyond the Standard Model has always been of great interest. Future muon colliders will have a significant advantage in discovering exotic particles. In this paper, by studying the $ \mu^+ \mu^- \to W^{\prime +} W^{\prime -} \to e^+ e^- n_e \bar{n}_e $ process, we explore the properties of $ W^\prime $ in the alternative left-right model. The cross section and angular distribution of the final electron are investigated in a scenario of different $ W^\prime $ masses and right-handed coupling constants. The forward-backward asymmetry is also an important observable to reflect the properties of $ W^\prime $ . We provide a method to effectively suppress the background processes by imposing constraints on the transverse momentum $ P_T $ and azimuthal angle of the final-state electrons $\textit{α}$. With cuts of $ 600 \lt P_T \lt 3500 $ GeV and $ 0.5 \lt \alpha \lt 3 $ , the significance exceeds 5$\textit{σ}$ for 4.8 TeV $ W^\prime $ at a collision energy of 10 TeV.

Liuxin Zhao

Honglei Li

Zhi-Long Han

Fei Huang

Xinyi Yan

Extra charged gauge boson $\textit{W}$′ in Alternative Left-Right Model at future muon collider * This work is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2022MA065, ZR2024QA138), and University of Jinan Disciplinary Cross-Convergence Construction Project 2024 (XKJC-202404)

We further scrutinize the evidence for a recently suggested pseudoscalar particle, the electroweak <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>η</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">w</mi></msub></math> meson. Its existence is demanded by matching the removal of the weak vacuum angle <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>θ</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">w</mi></msub></math> by the anomalous <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>L</mi></math> symmetry with a massive pole in the topological susceptibility of the vacuum. We specifically focus on the possibility of the emergence of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>η</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">w</mi></msub></math> as a collective excitation of the phase of the condensate of the ’t Hooft fermion determinant, generated by the electroweak instantons, which breaks the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>L</mi></math> symmetry spontaneously. We argue that the generation of the ’t Hooft vertex is in one-to-one correspondence with its nonzero vacuum expectation value which is cutoff insensitive. We outline certain puzzles about the nature of the emergent <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>η</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">w</mi></msub></math> which require further investigation.

Germany

Gia Dvali

Australia

Archil Kobakhidze

Otari Sakhelashvili

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>η</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">w</mi></msub></math>-meson from topological properties of the electroweak vacuum

France

G. Aad

United States

B. Abbott

K. Abeling

N. Abicht

S. Abidi

Morocco

A. Aboulhorma

Israel

H. Abramowicz

H. Abreu

Y. Abulaiti

Chile

A. Abusleme Hoffman

Italy

B. Acharya

C. Adam Bourdarios

Poland

L. Adamczyk

Canada

L. Adamek

S. Addepalli

M. Addison

J. Adelman

Türkiye

A. Adiguzel

T. Adye

A. Affolder

Switzerland

Y. Afik

Spain

M. Agaras

J. Agarwala

A. Aggarwal

Romania

C. Agheorghiesei

A. Ahmad

Azerbaijan

F. Ahmadov

W. Ahmed

S. Ahuja

X. Ai

G. Aielli

M. Ait Tamlihat

B. Aitbenchikh

I. Aizenberg

M. Akbiyik

Sweden

T. Åkesson

A. Akimov

Japan

D. Akiyama

N. Akolkar

K. Khoury

G. Alberghi

J. Albert

P. Albicocco

G. Albouy

S. Alderweireldt

M. Aleksa

I. Aleksandrov

C. Alexa

Greece

T. Alexopoulos

Netherlands

A. Alfonsi

F. Alfonsi

M. Algren

M. Alhroob

Czechia

B. Ali

H. Ali

Taiwan

S. Ali

S. Alibocus

M. Aliev

G. Alimonti

W. Alkakhi

C. Allaire

B. Allbrooke

J. Allen

C. Allendes Flores

P. Allport

A. Aloisio

Argentina

F. Alonso

C. Alpigiani

M. Alvarez Estevez

A. Alvarez Fernandez

M. Alviggi

M. Aly

Brazil

Y. Amaral Coutinho

A. Ambler

C. Amelung

M. Amerl

C. Ames

D. Amidei

Portugal

S. Amor Dos Santos

K. Amos

Norway

V. Ananiev

C. Anastopoulos

T. Andeen

J. Anders

S. Andrean

A. Andreazza

S. Angelidakis

A. Angerami

A. Anisenkov

A. Annovi

C. Antel

M. Anthony

E. Antipov

M. Antonelli

D. Antrim

F. Anulli

M. Aoki

T. Aoki

J. Aparisi Pozo

M. Aparo

Erratum: Measurement of the total and differential cross-sections of $$ t\overline{t}W $$ production in $\textit{pp}$ collisions at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

This study explores the Chern–Simons portal model, an extension of the Standard Model that introduces a massive neutral vector boson $\textit{X}$ associated with a $$U_X(1)$$ gauge symmetry. Motivated by gauge anomaly cancellation, the model incorporates heavy chiral fermions that induce observable effects through topological Chern–Simons interactions, despite being inaccessible at Large Hadron Collider energies. We investigate the associated production of the $\textit{X}$ boson with a $\textit{W}$ boson and jets at the high-luminosity LHC with a center-of-mass energy of 14 TeV, considering different $\textit{X}$ masses benchmarks. A multivariate analysis using boosted decision trees is employed to separate signal from background processes. Detector effects are modeled using a fast simulation tuned to the HL-LHC environment, including realistic pile-up conditions with an average of 200 interactions per bunch crossing. We derive expected $$95\%$$ confidence level exclusion limits in two-dimensional parameter spaces involving the $\textit{X}$ boson couplings. Our results demonstrate that the HL-LHC can achieve high sensitivity to gauge-anomaly-induced interactions, setting robust constraints on the $\textit{X}$ boson coupling to the $\textit{W}$ boson down to $$\mathcal {O}(10^{-4})$$ , depending on $$m_X$$ .

Iran

Mohammad Nourbakhsh

Mojtaba Najafabadi

Probing the Chern–Simons portal at the HL-LHC through displaced vertices from W boson associated production

We study higher-order QCD corrections beyond NLO for the associated production of a photon with a $\textit{W}$ boson ( $$\gamma W^+$$ and $$\gamma W^-$$ production) at the Large Hadron Collider. We calculate the NNLO soft-plus-virtual QCD corrections as well as the $$\hbox {N}^3$$ LO soft-gluon corrections to the total production cross section and the photon transverse-momentum distribution in single-particle-inclusive kinematics. The higher-order corrections provide a significant enhancement to the cross section. This is the first calculation of the complete soft-gluon corrections at $$\hbox {N}^3$$ LO in single-particle-inclusive kinematics for a Standard Model process.

Nikolaos Kidonakis

Alberto Tonero

Higher-order soft and virtual corrections in $$p p \rightarrow \gamma W$$ production at the LHC

We perform a global QCD analysis of unpolarized parton distribution functions (PDFs) in the proton, including new <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mrow><mi>W</mi><mo>+</mo></mrow><mi>charm</mi></mrow></math> production data from <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></math> collisions at the LHC and semi-inclusive pion and kaon production data in lepton-nucleon deep-inelastic scattering, both of which have been suggested for constraining the strange quark PDF. Compared with a baseline global fit that does not include these datasets, the new analysis reduces the uncertainty on the strange quark distribution over the range <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>0.01</mn><mo>&lt;</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>0.3</mn></math>, and provides a consistent description of processes sensitive to strangeness in the proton. Including the new datasets, the ratio of strange to nonstrange sea quark distributions is <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>s</mi><mo>+</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>/</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>u</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mo>+</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>d</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy="false">{</mo><mn>0.7</mn><msubsup><mn>2</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>0.34</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>0.52</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>,</mo><mn>0.4</mn><msubsup><mn>6</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>0.20</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>0.30</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>,</mo><mn>0.3</mn><msubsup><mn>2</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>0.15</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>0.23</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">}</mo></math> for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>x</mi><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy="false">{</mo><mn>0.01</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>0.04</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>0.1</mn><mo stretchy="false">}</mo></math> at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>Q</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mrow><mi>GeV</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math>. The data place more stringent constraints on the strange asymmetry <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>s</mi><mo>−</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>s</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math>, which is found to be consistent with zero in this range.

Trey Anderson

W. Melnitchouk

N. Sato

Strangeness in the proton from <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mrow><mi>W</mi><mo>+</mo></mrow><mi>charm</mi></mrow></math> production and SIDIS data

We study the sensitivity to longitudinal vector boson scattering at a 27-, 50-, and 100-TeV pp collider using events containing two leptonically decaying same-electric-charge <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>W</mi></math> bosons produced in association with two jets. The baseline FCC-hh detector parametrization within the Delphes framework is used under the assumption of fully efficient pileup mitigation. A tightly constrained phase space with a dijet mass greater than 2 TeV is considered in order to suppress the impact of potential instrumental backgrounds. Based on this setup, the expected sensitivity to the production of longitudinally polarized same-sign <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>W</mi></math> boson pairs is evaluated. Additionally, expected limits are set on doubly charged Higgs bosons produced via vector boson fusion processes and decaying to same-sign <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>W</mi></math> boson pairs.

Aram Apyan

Samuel Kelson

Chilufya Mwewa

Marc-André Pleier

Luka Nedic

Karolos Potamianos

Sensitivity to longitudinal vector boson scattering and doubly charged Higgs boson production in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>W</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><msup><mi>W</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><mi>j</mi><mi>j</mi></math> at future hadron colliders