We analyze the correlation function in Jackiw–Teitelboim gravity using three approaches: by summing over all geodesics connecting boundary operators, integrating over the region of moduli space determined by the “no-shortcut condition,” and using the formula for the universal spectral density correlation in the <inline-formula><tex-math id='TM0001' notation='LaTeX'>$\tau$</tex-math></inline-formula>-scaling limit. We find that the behaviors of the three results coincide at late times: they all exhibit a &#8220;ramp&#8221; instead of permanent decay. Using the third approach we also confirm that the &#8220;plateau&#8221; appears after <inline-formula><tex-math id='TM0002' notation='LaTeX'>$T_H=2\pi e^{S_0}\widehat{\rho }_0(E)$</tex-math></inline-formula>. Overall, our results are consistent with the spectral form factor analysis. We also calculate the Einstein&#8211;Rosen bridge length <inline-formula><tex-math id='TM0003' notation='LaTeX'>$\langle \ell (T) \rangle$</tex-math></inline-formula> using the three approaches and find that the results are in good agreement with each other. We also find that the <inline-formula><tex-math id='TM0004' notation='LaTeX'>$\langle \ell (T) \rangle$</tex-math></inline-formula> grows as a cubic function in <inline-formula><tex-math id='TM0005' notation='LaTeX'>$T$</tex-math></inline-formula> due to the contribution from geometry including one observable baby universe, and converges to a constant after <inline-formula><tex-math id='TM0006' notation='LaTeX'>$T=T_H$</tex-math></inline-formula>. For the geometry with one baby universe, we compute the size <inline-formula><tex-math id='TM0007' notation='LaTeX'>$\langle b(T) \rangle$</tex-math></inline-formula> of the baby universe and find that it is of the same order as <inline-formula><tex-math id='TM0008' notation='LaTeX'>$\langle \ell (T) \rangle$</tex-math></inline-formula>. This result is consistent with the baby universe emission mechanism previously claimed.

Japan

Masayoshi Sato

What Happens Due to the Baby Universe Effect in Jackiw–Teitelboim Gravity? Analysis of Correlation Functions and Einstein–Rosen Bridge Length at Late Time Using Three Approaches

We introduce a novel Einstein–Rosen BTZ wormhole metric as a solution to the Einstein field equations with a negative cosmological constant and explore in detail its various phenomenological aspects. We show that the wormhole metric is characterized by a horizon at the throat, resembling a black hole horizon. This implies that our wormhole metric describes a one-way traversable wormhole at the throat, with Hawking radiation observed by an observer located at some distance from the wormhole. It is also found the same Hawking temperature using the BTZ-like coordinates and Kruskal-like coordinates. This temperature is invariant not only on the type of coordinates but also the nature of the spin of quantum fields. Importantly, we find that at the wormhole throat, the spacetime is not a pure vacuum solution, but rather contains an exotic string matter source with negative tension, which may stabilize the wormhole geometry. To this end, we found that the size of the wormhole throat is proportional to the number of quantum bits suggesting a possible implications on ER=EPR. Further we studied the particle dynamics and, finally, we tested the ANEC with a test scalar and vector fields. For the double null-component computed in BTZ coordinates, we found an apparent divergence at the wormhole throat, which is then shown to be regularized by means of Kruskal-like coordinates. The ANEC for such a scalar/vector field is violated at the wormhole throat.

India

Ankit Anand

North Macedonia

Kimet Jusufi

Germany

Mendrit Latifi

Exploring a novel Einstein–Rosen BTZ wormhole

We study $\textit{D}$ = 11 supergravity solutions which are dual to one-dimensional superconformal defects in $\textit{d}$ = 3 SCFTs. We consider defects in ABJM theory with monodromy for U(1) ⊂ SO(8) global symmetry, as well as in 𝒩 = 2 mABJM SCFT, which arises from the RG flow of a mass deformation of ABJM theory, with monodromy for U(1) ⊂ SU(3) × U(1) global symmetry. We show that the defects of the two SCFTs are connected by a line of bulk marginal mass deformations and argue that they are also related by bulk RG flow. In all cases we allow for the possibility of conical singularities at the location of the defect. Various physical observables of the defects are computed including the defects conformal weight and the partition function, as well as associated supersymmetric Renyi entropies.

Belgium

Igal Arav

United Kingdom

Jerome Gauntlett

Yusheng Jiao

South Korea

Matthew Roberts

Greece

Christopher Rosen

Superconformal monodromy defects in ABJM and mABJM theory

We show that in a special type of two-dimensional dilaton-gravity-scalar model, where both the dilaton and the scalar matter fields have noncanonical kinetic terms, it is possible to construct kink solutions whose linear perturbation equation is a Schrödinger-like equation with Rosen-Morse potential. For this potential, eigenvalues and wave functions of the bound states, if had any, can be derived by using the standard shape invariance procedure. Depending on the values of the parameters, the stability potential can be reflective or reflectionless. There can be an arbitrary number of shape modes, but the zero mode is always absent.

China

Hui Wang

Yuan Zhong

Ziqi Wang

Rosen-Morse potential and gravitating kinks

We study type IIB supergravity solutions that are dual to two-dimensional superconformal defects in d = 4 SCFTs which preserve   <math> <mi>N</mi> </math>  $$ \mathcal{N} $$  = (0, 2) supersymmetry. We consider solutions dual to defects in   <math> <mi>N</mi> </math>  $$ \mathcal{N} $$  = 4 SYM theory that have non-trivial monodromy for U(1)3 ⊂ SO(6) global symmetry and we also allow for the possibility of conical singularities. In addition, we consider the addition of fermionic and bosonic mass terms that have non trivial dependence on the spatial directions transverse to the defect, while preserving the superconformal symmetry of the defect. We compute various physical quantities including the central charges of the defect expressed as a function of the monodromy, the on-shell action as well as associated supersymmetric Rényi entropies. Analogous computations are carried out for superconformal defects in the   <math> <mi>N</mi> </math>  $$ \mathcal{N} $$  = 1, d = 4 Leigh-Strassler SCFT. We also show that the defects of the two SCFTs are connected by a line of bulk marginal mass deformations and argue that they are also related by bulk RG flow.

Superconformal monodromy defects in   <math> <mi>N</mi> </math>  $$ \mathcal{N} $$ =4 SYM and LS theory

We use a string T-duality corrected pair of regular black holes to construct an Einstein-Rosen (ER) bridge with the wormhole throat proportional to the zero-point (Planck) length. This may be a geometric realization of quantum entanglement for particle/antiparticle pairs. We point out that for an extreme mass configuration consisting of a black hole pair, one can have an ER bridge with a horizon area that coincides with the Bekenstein minimal area bound along with a wormhole mass proportional to the Planck mass. This could be related to gravitational self-completeness with quantum mechanical mass limits. We also discuss the ER bridge for sub-Planckian mass horizonless wormholes and show this admits a region of negative energy at the throat, which we posit to be related to a particle of negative mass generated by quantum fluctuations or the Casimir effect. We argue that Hawking radiation could be the best way for the geometric realization of quantum entanglement for particle/antiparticle pairs emitted by black holes. This sheds new light on the ER=EPR conjecture.

France

Emmanuel Moulay

United States

Jonas Mureika

Egypt

Ahmed Ali

Einstein-Rosen bridge from the minimal length

We construct a new class of supersymmetric AdS3 × Y 7 solutions of type IIB supergravity, where Y 7 is an S 5 fibration over a spindle, which are dual to d = 2,   <math> <mi>N</mi> </math>  $$ \mathcal{N} $$  = (0, 2) SCFTs. The solutions are constructed in a sub-truncation of D = 5, SO(6) maximal gauged supergravity and they all lie within the anti-twist class. We show that the central charge computed from the gravity solutions agrees with an anomaly polynomial calculation associated with compactifying the   <math> <mi>N</mi> </math>  $$ \mathcal{N} $$  = 1, d = 4 Leigh-Strassler SCFT on a spindle.

Netherlands

Leigh-Strassler compactified on a spindle

We construct a continuous one parameter family of AdS4 × S 1 × S 5 S-fold solutions of type IIB string theory which have nontrivial SL(2, ℤ) monodromy in the S 1 direction. The solutions span a subset of a conformal manifold that contains the known   <math> <mi>N</mi> </math>  $$ \mathcal{N} $$  = 4 S-fold SCFT in d = 3, and generically preserve   <math> <mi>N</mi> </math>  $$ \mathcal{N} $$  = 2 supersymmetry. We also construct RG flows across dimensions, from AdS5 × S 5, dual to   <math> <mi>N</mi> </math>  $$ \mathcal{N} $$  = 4, d = 4 SYM compactified with a twisted spatial circle, to various AdS4 ×S 1 ×S 5 S-fold solutions, dual to d = 3 SCFTs. We construct additional flows between the AdS5 dual of the Leigh-Strassler SCFT and an   <math> <mi>N</mi> </math>  $$ \mathcal{N} $$  = 2 S-fold as well as RG flows between various S-folds.

Spain

Marginal deformations and RG flows for type IIB S-folds

We construct infinite new classes of AdS4 × S 1 × S 5 solutions of type IIB string theory which have non-trivial SL(2, ℤ) monodromy along the S 1 direction. The solutions are supersymmetric and holographically dual, generically, to   <math> <mi>N</mi> </math>  $$ \mathcal{N} $$  = 1 SCFTs in d = 3. The solutions are first constructed as AdS4 × ℝ solutions in D = 5 SO(6) gauged supergravity and then uplifted to D = 10. Unlike the known AdS4 × ℝ S-fold solutions, there is no continuous symmetry associated with the ℝ direction. The solutions all arise as limiting cases of Janus solutions of d = 4,   <math> <mi>N</mi> </math>  $$ \mathcal{N} $$  = 4 SYM theory which are supported both by a different value of the coupling constant on either side of the interface, as well as by fermion and boson mass deformations. As special cases, the construction recovers three known S-fold constructions, preserving   <math> <mi>N</mi> </math>  $$ \mathcal{N} $$  = 1, 2 and 4 supersymmetry, as well as a recently constructed   <math> <mi>N</mi> </math>  $$ \mathcal{N} $$  = 1 AdS4 × S 1 × S 5 solution (not S-folded). We also present some novel “one-sided Janus” solutions that are non-singular.

K. Cheung

A new family of AdS4 S-folds in type IIB string theory

We construct gravitational solutions that holographically describe two different d = 4 SCFTs joined together at a co-dimension one, planar RG interface and preserving d = 3 superconformal symmetry. The RG interface joins   <math> <mi>N</mi> </math>  $$ \mathcal{N} $$  = 4 SYM theory on one side with the   <math> <mi>N</mi> </math>  $$ \mathcal{N} $$  = 1 Leigh-Strassler SCFT on the other. We construct a family of such solutions, which in general are associated with spatially dependent mass deformations on the   <math> <mi>N</mi> </math>  $$ \mathcal{N} $$  = 4 SYM side, but there is a particular solution for which these deformations vanish. We also construct a Janus solution with the Leigh-Strassler SCFT on either side of the interface. Gravitational solutions associated with superconformal interfaces involving ABJM theory and two d = 3   <math> <mi>N</mi> </math>  $$ \mathcal{N} $$  = 1 SCFTs with G 2 symmetry are also discussed and shown to have similar properties, but they also exhibit some new features.

Superconformal RG interfaces in holography