The charmed baryon was first observed experimentally in 1975, one year after the charm quark's confirmation via the discovery of the $ J/\psi $ particle. Studying charmed baryon decays provides a pathway to investigate both strong and weak interactions, leveraging the weak decays of the embedded charm quark. However, for approximately three decades following its discovery, experimental knowledge of charmed baryons remained significantly limited compared to those of the hidden-charm $\textit{ψ}$ mesons and open-charm $ D_{(s)} $ mesons. This situation changed markedly starting in 2014, when dedicated data collection for charmed baryons commenced at BESIII. In this article, we review the experimental progress achieved since 2014 in understanding the weak decays of the charmed baryons.

China

Pei-Rong Li

Xiao-Rui Lyu

Yangheng Zheng

Experimental overview on the charmed baryon decays * The authors thank Fusheng Yu for useful discussions. The authors are supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China (12221005, 12422504); CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research (YSBR-117); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Lanzhou University (lzujbky-2025-ytB01, lzujbky-2023-stlt01, lzujbky-2023-it32), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Electroweak (EW) amplitudes in the gauge-Goldstone five-component formalism have a distinctive property: gauge symmetry is imprinted in the amplitudes, manifested as the massive Ward identity (MWI) $ k^M{\cal{M}}_M=0 $ . In this study, we used the HELAS package to numerically study gauge symmetry in EW amplitudes. First, we directly tested gauge symmetry by examining the MWI of amplitudes. Second, we modified the couplings within a vertex and among vertices to check if and how the MWI changes. Third, we tested gauge symmetry by considering the couplings modified by operators from the standard model effective field theory (SMEFT). Similar to the standard model, there are relations between different couplings that are protected by gauge symmetry. We observed that, if we modify the couplings to deviate from the relations, the MWI is violated. In contrast, the MWI is restored when the relations between couplings reduce to those in the SMEFT.

Wang-Fa Li

Junmou Chen

Qian-Jiu Wang

Zhao-Huan Yu

Numerical study on the gauge symmetry of electroweak amplitudes * Junmou Chen is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (12205118), Wang-Fa Li, Qian-Jiu Wang, and Zhao-Huan Yu are supported by the Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project (2024A04J4026)

The high-density region of the QCD phase diagram displays an intricate competition between color superconductivity and the QCD Kondo effect due to color exchange in quark matter containing a single heavy quark impurity. We explore the characteristic impurity-induced superconducting subgap states arising in such systems by generalizing the surrogate model solver, recently considered in the context of condensed matter physics [<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.108.L220506">Phys. Rev. B 108, L220506 (2023)</a>]. The method consists of approximating the full superconducting bulk by only a small number of effective levels whose parameters are chosen so as to best reproduce the Matsubara frequency dependence of the impurity-bulk hybridization function. We numerically solve a surrogate QCD Kondo model describing a quantum impurity color exchange coupled to a two-color two-flavor superconducting bulk. The results directly indicate the presence of multiple phase transitions as the coupling of the impurity to the bulk is increased, due to the interplay between various overscreened states. The methods introduced here are straightforward enough to be extended to more realistic QCD scenarios.

Virgil V. Baran

Jens Paaske

Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states in color-superconducting quark matter

We study $ \cos2\phi $ azimuthal asymmetry in doubly longitudinally polarized proton-proton Drell-Yan collisions within the transverse momentum dependent factorization framework. The asymmetry arises from the convolution of the longitudinal transversity distribution $ h_{1L}^{\perp} $ for both protons. Using the Bacchetta-Delcarro-Pisano-Radici-Signori parameterization for the nonperturbative Sudakov form factor and the Wandzura-Wilczek approximation for collinear $ h_{1L}^{\perp} $ , we predict the double spin asymmetry $ A_{LL}^{\cos2\phi} $ at RHIC and NICA kinematics. Our results demonstrate sensitivity to sea quark distributions, with the asymmetry reaching up to 25% for maximal sea quark contributions. These predictions highlight the potential of polarized Drell-Yan measurements to probe sea quark dynamics and advance our understanding of nucleon structures.

Hui Li

Ting Hu

Liang-Liang Liu

Xiao-Yu Wang

Zhun Lu

Asymmetry ${{\boldsymbol A}_{\boldsymbol{LL}}^{\bf\cos2\boldsymbol\phi}} $ in the polarized proton-proton Drell-Yan process within TMD factorization * Hui Li is supported by Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province (202203021222224) and Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Normal University (JCYJ2023021). Xiao-Yu Wang is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (242300421377, 232300421140)

We study the transverse momentum ( $p_T$ ) differential anisotropic flow and flow fluctuation in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$ =5.02 TeV at the LHC. A (3+1)-dimensional CLVisc hydrodynamics framework with fluctuating TRENTO (or AMPT) initial conditions is utilized to simulate the space-time evolution of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) medium. The effects of shear viscosity and the sub-nucleon structure on anisotropic flow and flow fluctuation are analyzed. Our result shows that shear viscosity tends to suppress both flow coefficients ( ${v_2\{2}\}$ , ${v_2\{4\}}$ , and ${\langle v_2\rangle}$ ) and flow fluctuation ( ${\sigma_{v_2}}$ ) owing to its smearing effect on local density fluctuation. The flow coefficients appear to be insensitive to the sub-nucleon structure, whereas the flow fluctuation ${\sigma_{v_2}}$ tends to be suppressed by the sub-nucleon structure in central collisions but enhanced in peripheral collisions. After taking into account the sub-nucleon structure effect, our numerical result can qualitatively describe the relative flow fluctuations ( ${v_2\{4\}/v_2\{2\}}$ , $F({v_2})$ ) measured by the ALICE Collaboration at the LHC. We further investigate the effects of shear viscosity, sub-nucleon structure, and initial condition model on the flow angle and flow magnitude decorrelations ( ${A_2^f}$ , ${M_2^f}$ ) using the four-particle correlation method. We find that the flow decorrelation effect is typically stronger in central collisions than in peripheral collisions. The flow angle decorrelation is found to be insensitive to the shear viscosity and sub-nucleon structure, whereas the flow magnitude decorrelation shows quite different behaviors when using the TRENTO and AMPT initial condition models. Our study sheds light on the anisotropic flow, transport properties, and initial structure of the QGP created in high-energy nuclear collisions.

Germany

Jie Zhu

Canada

Xiang-Yu Wu

Guang-You Qin

Anisotropic flow, flow fluctuation, and flow decorrelation in relativistic heavy-ion collisions: the roles of sub-nucleon structure and shear viscosity * Supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of China (12225503, 11890710, 11890711, 11935007). Zhu Jie is supported in part by the China Scholarship Council (202306770009). Wu Xiang-Yu is supported in part by the National Science Foundation within the framework of the JETSCAPE collaboration (OAC-2004571) and in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Some of the calculations were performed in the Nuclear Science Computing Center at Central China Normal University (NSC$^{3}$), Wuhan, Hubei, China.

We search for nuclear recoil signals of dark matter (DM) models with a light mediator using data taken from a p-type point-contact germanium detector of the CDEX-10 experiment at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory. The 90% confidence level upper limits on the DM-nucleon interaction cross section from 205.4 kg-day exposure data are derived, excluding the new parameter space in 2−3 GeV DM mass when the mediator mass is comparable to or lower than the typical momentum transfer. We further interpret our results to constrain a specific self-interacting DM model with a light mediator coupling to the photon through kinetic mixing and set experimental limits on the model parameter region favored by astrophysical observations.

Qi-Yuan Nie

Wen-Han Dai

Hao Ma

Qian Yue

Ke-Jun Kang

Yuan-Jing Li

Hai-Peng An

C. Greeshma

Jian-Ping Chang

Yun-Hua Chen

Jian-Ping Cheng

Zhi Deng

Chang-Hao Fang

Xin-Ping Geng

Hui Gong

Tao Guo

Xu-Yuan Guo

Li He

Jin-Rong He

Han-Xiong Huang

Tu-Chen Huang

S. Karmakar

Jian-Min Li

Jin Li

Yu-Lan Li

Hau-Bin Li

Ming-Chuan Li

Han-Yu Li

Qian-Yun Li

Ren-Ming-Jie Li

Xue-Qian Li

Yi-Fan Liang

Bin Liao

Fong-Kay Lin

Shin-Ted Lin

Jia-Xuan Liu

Yan-Dong Liu

Yuan-Yuan Liu

Shu-Kui Liu

Yu Liu

Hui Pan

Ning-Chun Qi

Jie Ren

Xi-Chao Ruan

Man-Bin Shen

Manoj Kumar Singh

Wen-Liang Sun

Tian-Xi Sun

Chang-Jian Tang

Yang Tian

Hong-Fei Wan

Jun-Zheng Wang

Yu-Feng Wang

Guang-Fu Wang

Li Wang

Qing Wang

Henry-Tsz-King Wong

Yu-Cheng Wu

Hao-Yang Xing

Kai-Zhi Xiong

Rui Xu

Yin Xu

Tao Xue

Yu-Lu Yan

Li-Tao Yang

Nan Yi

Chun-Xu Yu

Hai-Jun Yu

Xiao Yu

Ming Zeng

Zhi Zeng

Zhen-Hua Zhang

Zhen-Yu Zhang

Peng Zhang

Feng-Shou Zhang

Lei Zhang

Ji-Zhong Zhao

Kang-Kang Zhao

Ming-Gang Zhao

Ji-Fang Zhou

Zu-Ying Zhou

Jing-Jun Zhu

 (CDEX Collaboration)

Constraining dark matter models with a light mediator from the CDEX-10 experiment at China Jinping Underground Laboratory * Supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2023YFA1607101) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12425507, 12322511, 12175112)

We investigate the pure annihilation type radiative <math><mi>B</mi></math> meson decays <math><msup><mi>B</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo>→</mo><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>γ</mi></math> and <math><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mo>→</mo><msup><mi>ρ</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo>(</mo><mi>ω</mi><mo>)</mo><mi>γ</mi></math> in the soft-collinear effective theory. We consider three types of contributions to the decay amplitudes, including the direct annihilation topology, the contribution from the electromagnetic penguin operator, and the contribution of the neutral vector meson mixing. The numerical analysis shows that the decay amplitudes are dominated by the <math><mi>ω</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>ϕ</mi></math> mixing effect in the <math><msup><mi>B</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo>→</mo><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>γ</mi></math> and <math><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mo>→</mo><mi>ω</mi><mi>γ</mi></math> modes. The corresponding decay branching ratios are enhanced about 3 orders of magnitude relative to the pure annihilation type contribution in these two decay channels. The decay rate of <math><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mo>→</mo><msup><mi>ρ</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mi>γ</mi></math> is much smaller than that of <math><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mo>→</mo><mi>ω</mi><mi>γ</mi></math> because of the smaller <math><msup><mi>ρ</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo>−</mo><mi>ϕ</mi></math> mixing. The predicted branching ratios <math><mo>⟨</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>(</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo>→</mo><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>γ</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>⟩</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>3.9</mn><msubsup><mn>6</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1.45</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>1.67</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>)</mo><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>9</mn></mrow></msup></math> and <math><mo>⟨</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mo>→</mo><mi>ω</mi><mi>γ</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>⟩</mo><mo>=</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>1.9</mn><msubsup><mn>9</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>0.70</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>0.81</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>)</mo><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow></msup></math> are to be tested by the Belle-II and LHCb experiments.

Hui Deng

Jing Gao

Lei-Yi Li

Cai-Dian Lü

Yue-Long Shen

Study on pure annihilation type <math><mi>B</mi><mo>→</mo><mi>V</mi><mi>γ</mi></math> decays

The existence of light sterile neutrinos is a long-standing question in particle physics. Several experimental “anomalies” might be explained by introducing eV mass scaled light sterile neutrinos. Many experiments are actively searching for such light sterile neutrinos through neutrino oscillation. For long baseline experiments, the matter effect should be treated carefully for precise calculation of the neutrino oscillation probabilities. However, this is usually time-consuming or analytically complex. In this manuscript, we adopt a Jacobi-like method to diagonalize the Hermitian Hamiltonian matrix and derive analytically simplified neutrino oscillation probabilities for 3 (active) + 1 (sterile)-neutrino mixing for a constant matter density. These approximations can reach a considerably high numerical accuracy while retaining their analytical simplicity and fast computing speed. This would be useful for current and future long baseline neutrino oscillation experiments.

Bao-Biao Yue

Wei Li

Jia-Jie Ling

Fan-Rong Xu

A compact analytical approximation for a light sterile neutrino oscillation in matter Jiajie Ling acknowledges the support from National Key R&D program of China (2018YFA0404103) and National Natural Science Foundation of China (11775315). F. Xu is supported partially by NSFC (11605076), as well as the FRFCU (Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities in China) (21616309)

Using the vector exchange interaction in the local hidden gauge approach, which in the light quark sector generates the chiral Lagrangians and has produced realistic results for 
					 and the hidden charm pentaquark states, we study the meson-baryon interactions in the coupled channels that lead to the 
					 and 
					 excited states of the molecular type. We obtain seven states of the 
					 type with energies between 
					 and 
					 MeV, and one 
					 state at 
					 MeV.
				

Brazil

J. M. Dias

Qi-Xin Yu

Wei-Hong Liang

Zhi-Feng Sun

Ju-Jun Xie

Spain

E. Oset

Ξbb and Ωbbb molecular states Partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11975083, 11947413, 11847317, 11565007, 11735003, 1191101015). Q. X Yu acknowledges the support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11775024, 11575023, 11805153) and China Scholarship Council. Partly supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad and European FEDER funds (FIS2017- 84038-C2-1-P B, FIS2017-84038-C2-2-P B), and the Generalitat Valenciana in the program Prometeo II-2014/068, and the project Severo Ochoa of IFIC, SEV-2014-0398

We report results of a search for light weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) dark matter from the CDEX-1 experiment at the China Jinping Underground Laboratory (CJPL). Constraints on WIMP-nucleon spin-independent (SI) and spin-dependent (SD) couplings are derived with a physics threshold of 160 eVee, from an exposure of 737.1 kg-days. The SI and SD limits extend the lower reach of light WIMPs to 2 GeV and improve over our earlier bounds at WIMP mass less than 6 GeV.

Henry Tsz-King Wong

M Aǧartioǧlu

Jing-Han Chen

Qiang Du

Jin-Wei Hu

Qing-Dong Hu

Li-Ping Jia

Hao Jiang

Hong Li

Xia Li

Zhong-Zhi Liu

Jing-Lu Ma

B Sevda

India

Vivek Sharma

Lakhwinder Singh

Wei-You Tang

Ji-Min Wang

Yi Wang

Shi-Yong Wu

Song-Wei Yang

Jian-Feng Yue

Xiong-Hui Zeng

Yun-Hua Zhang

Wei Zhao

Zhong-Hua Zhu

Limits on light WIMPs with a 1 kg-scale germanium detector at 160 eVee physics threshold at the China Jinping Underground LaboratorySupported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFA0402200, 2017YFA0402201), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11175099, 11275107, 11475117, 11475099, 11475092, 11675088), the National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (2010CB833006). We thank the support of grants from the Tsinghua University Initiative Scientific Research Program (20121088494, 20151080354) and the Academia Sinica Investigator Award 2011-15, contracts 103-2112-M-001-024 and 104-2112-M-001-038-MY3 from the Ministry of Science and Technology of Taiwan.