In this work, we investigate the production and decay of molecular states with quark content $cc\bar c\bar q$ and $J^P=1^+$ using a phenomenological analysis and an effective Lagrangian approach. Based on an $\textit{SU}$(3) flavor-symmetry analysis to identify golden channels, we further explore the dynamics of these processes under the molecular assumptions of ${\eta_c D^*}$ and ${J/\psi D^*}$ . Our results indicate that the production branching ratio in $B_c$ decays is sizable: it can be of order $10^{-4}$ for the molecular configuration ${{\eta}_cD^*}$ and $10^{-5}$ for the molecule ${J/\psi D^*}$ . In addition, we find that the decay widths of the two molecular configurations ${{\eta}_cD^*}$ and ${J/\psi D^*}$ are not significant, at the level of ${\cal{O}}$ ( $\text{MeV}$ ).

China

Na Li

Ye Xing

Jing-Rui Shi

Analysis of molecular state $\textit{η$_{c}$D}$ $^{*}$ and $\textit{J}$/$\textit{ψD}$ $^{*}$ in the effective Lagrangian approach * Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (12005294)

We report stronger evidence for the $X(7200)$ state and markedly improved measurements of the $X(6900)$ resonance parameters based on a combined analysis of the di- $J/\psi$ mass spectrum using published data from LHCb, ATLAS, and CMS. Through simultaneous fits to the datasets from all three experiments, we observe the $X(6900)$ with overwhelming significance ( $ \gt 12\sigma$ ) and determine its mass and width with improved precision. For the $X(7200)$ , we find consistent signals across multiple interference models, with significances ranging from $3.7\sigma$ to $6.6\sigma$ ; in the best-fit model (the CMS three-resonance scheme), the significance reaches $6.6\sigma$ , providing substantially stronger evidence for this state. Our results underscore the essential role of interference effects in fully charmed tetraquark spectroscopy and offer new constraints on their production mechanisms at the LHC.

Yuan Wang

Ran Li

Bin Zhong

Ya-Qian Wang

Enhanced evidence of $\textit{X}$(7200) and improved measurements of $\textit{X}$(6900) parameters from a combined LHCb-ATLAS-CMS analysis * Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (12475077)

The Kerr/CFT correspondence establishes a correspondence between extremal black holes in higher dimensions and a chiral conformal field theory (CFT) in their near-horizon limit. A generalization of this framework, known as the EVH/CFT correspondence, has been developed for four- and five-dimensional AdS black holes. It was further proposed in [ ${\rm{AdS}}_{D=6,7}$ black holes, a generalized duality between $(D-2)$ -dimensional geometry and $(D-3)$ -dimensional field theory may emerge in a suitably defined extremal vanishing horizon (EVH) limit. In this work, we show that, in the EVH limit, the near-EVH geometries of these ${\rm{AdS}}_{D=6,7}$ black holes reduce to lower-dimensional black holes whose metrics are conformally related to solutions of Einstein-Maxwell-Maxwell-dilaton (EMMD) gravity. This structural resemblance suggests a potential route toward the microscopic counting of non-AdS black hole entropy via higher-dimensional AdS/CFT techniques.

Weichao Bu

Yang Lei

Probing decoupled throats of AdS $\textit{D}$ black holes in $\textit{D}$ = 6, 7 * Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (2305081), the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), and the NSFC-Royal Society International Collaboration (W2421035)

Vectorlike leptons are nonchiral, colorless fermions from new physics beyond the Standard Model, appearing in many theoretical extensions. We investigate the prospect for detecting the single production of a singlet vectorlike lepton that mixes with the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow></math> lepton at the Large Hadron Collider. The corresponding final states are classified as the three- and four-lepton search channels. The machine learning algorithm XGBoost is employed to enhance signal-background discrimination. Our analysis indicates that, at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msqrt><mi>s</mi></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>14</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>TeV</mi></math> with an integrated luminosity of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>3000</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mi>fb</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math> under the assumption of negligible systematic uncertainties, the expected <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>2</mn><mi>σ</mi></math> exclusion limits in the three- and four-lepton channels can reach vectorlike lepton masses up to 500 and 405 GeV in the parameter region allowed by the electroweak oblique parameter constraint, respectively. These findings demonstrate that machine learning techniques can substantially improve the sensitivity of collider searches for vectorlike leptons.

Yiheng Cui

Shiyu Wang

Zhao-Huan Yu

Hong-Hao Zhang

Machine learning study on single production of a singlet vectorlike lepton at the Large Hadron Collider

We compute the Euclidean hadronic tensor from charge density operators and extract elastic and resonance structures by employing exponential fits to the four-point function correlator, as well as a Bayesian reconstruction inverse algorithm to obtain the corresponding spectral density for qualitative comparison. We present the determination of the nucleon’s Sachs electric form factor using the hadronic tensor formalism and verify that it is consistent with that from the conventional three-point function calculation. Beyond the elastic peak, we observe a structure located approximately 0.5–0.7 GeV above the nucleon mass in the Bayesian reconstruction. This structure is interpreted as a mixture of the Roper resonance [<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1440</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>], and states with both positive and negative parities in this mass region, as well as multihadron states. Assuming the observed structure is dominated by <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>J</mi><mi>P</mi></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>±</mo></msup></math> states, we extract the transition electric form factor <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>G</mi><mi>E</mi><mo>*</mo></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>Q</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> and the corresponding longitudinal helicity amplitude <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>S</mi><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>Q</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, and compare them with those determined from the CLAS experimental data of nucleon-to-Roper transition. Although fitting to the four-point correlation function or using the inverse algorithm does not resolve individual resonances, it nevertheless enables the determination of total inclusive lepton–nucleon scattering cross sections in appropriate energy bins. This lattice QCD calculation presents the first major step toward studying the inclusive <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>X</mi></math> contributions within the hadronic tensor formalism.

Jian Liang

United States

Raza Sabbir Sufian

Bigeng Wang

Terrence Draper

Bangladesh

Tanjib Khan

Keh-Fei Liu

Yi-Bo Yang

Christian Zimmermann

Elastic and resonance structures of the nucleon from the hadronic tensor in lattice QCD: Implications for neutrino-nucleon scattering and hadron physics

Precision measurements of top-quark decays provide powerful probes of physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). While the impact of dimension-six operators in the SM effective field theory (SMEFT) has been extensively studied, the role of dimension-eight contributions remains largely unexplored, despite their potential importance as experimental precision improves. In this work, we present a combined analysis of dimension-six and a representative subset of dimension-eight SMEFT effects using the W-boson helicity fractions in top-quark decays. We compute the leading-order contributions of these operators to the top-quark decay width and helicity fractions, and perform one-parameter and selected two-parameter <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>χ</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math> fits to the combined ATLAS (A Toroidal LHC ApparatuS) and CMS (Compact Muon Solenoid) measurements at a reference scale <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>TeV</mi></mrow></math>. From the fit results, we find that the inclusion of dimension-eight contributions affects the allowed parameter space of several dimension-six coefficients through nontrivial correlations and degeneracies. Since the leading dimension-eight contributions enter at the same order <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi mathvariant="script">O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math> as the squared dimension-six terms retained in our analysis, this highlights the importance of a consistent treatment of the EFT expansion when interpreting SMEFT constraints.

Iran

Afsaneh Kianfar

Gholamhossein Haghighat

CERN

Mojtaba Mohammadi Najafabadi

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow></math>-boson helicity fractions in top decay as probes of dimension-six and dimension-eight SMEFT operators

We study quantum and classical systems associated with the quantum corner symmetry group <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>QCS</mi><mo>=</mo><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>SL</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="true">˜</mo></mrow></mover><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant="double-struck">R</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mtext> </mtext><mo>⋉</mo><mtext> </mtext><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">H</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math>, which arises in the context of quantum gravity. We relate quantum observables—specified by representation-theoretic data—to their classical counterparts using generalized Perelomov coherent states and the framework of Berezin quantization. This procedure links abstract representation-theoretic input to geometric classical observables, such as area. We conclude by applying the formalism to static, spherically symmetric spacetimes admitting a horizon.

Poland

Ludovic Varrin

Semiclassical limit of quantum gravity on corners

Radio pulses generated by cosmic-ray air showers can be used to reconstruct key properties like the energy and depth of the electromagnetic component of cosmic-ray air showers. Radio detection threshold, influenced by natural and anthropogenic radio background, can be reduced through various techniques. In this work, we demonstrate that convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are an effective way to lower the threshold. We developed two CNNs: a classifier to distinguish radio signal waveforms from background noise and a denoiser to clean contaminated radio signals. Following the training and testing phases, we applied the networks to air-shower data triggered by scintillation detectors of the prototype station for the enhancement of IceTop, IceCube’s surface array at the South Pole. Over a four-month period, we identified 554 cosmic-ray events in coincidence with IceTop, approximately five times more compared to a reference method based on a cut on the signal-to-noise ratio. Comparisons with IceTop measurements of the same air showers confirmed that the CNNs reliably identified cosmic-ray radio pulses and outperformed the reference method. Additionally, we find that CNNs reduce the false-positive rate of air-shower candidates and effectively denoise radio waveforms, thereby improving the accuracy of the power and arrival time reconstruction of radio pulses.

R. Abbasi

Germany

M. Ackermann

New Zealand

J. Adams

S.K. Agarwalla

Belgium

J.A. Aguilar

Denmark

M. Ahlers

J.M. Alameddine

S. Ali

N.M. Amin

K. Andeen

C. Argüelles

Y. Ashida

S. Athanasiadou

S.N. Axani

R. Babu

X. Bai

J. Baines-Holmes

A. Balagopal V.

S.W. Barwick

S. Bash

V. Basu

R. Bay

J.J. Beatty

J. Becker Tjus

P. Behrens

Sweden

J. Beise

C. Bellenghi

B. Benkel

S. BenZvi

D. Berley

Italy

E. Bernardini

D.Z. Besson

E. Blaufuss

L. Bloom

S. Blot

I. Bodo

F. Bontempo

J.Y. Book Motzkin

C. Boscolo Meneguolo

S. Böser

O. Botner

J. Böttcher

J. Braun

B. Brinson

Canada

Z. Brisson-Tsavoussis

Australia

R.T. Burley

D. Butterfield

M.A. Campana

K. Carloni

J. Carpio

S. Chattopadhyay

N. Chau

Z. Chen

D. Chirkin

S. Choi

B.A. Clark

A. Coleman

P. Coleman

G.H. Collin

D.A. Coloma Borja

A. Connolly

J.M. Conrad

R. Corley

D.F. Cowen

C. De Clercq

J.J. DeLaunay

D. Delgado

T. Delmeulle

S. Deng

P. Desiati

K.D. de Vries

G. de Wasseige

T. DeYoung

J.C. Díaz-Vélez

S. DiKerby

M. Dittmer

A. Domi

L. Draper

L. Dueser

D. Durnford

K. Dutta

M.A. DuVernois

T. Ehrhardt

L. Eidenschink

A. Eimer

P. Eller

E. Ellinger

D. Elsässer

R. Engel

H. Erpenbeck

W. Esmail

S. Eulig

J. Evans

P.A. Evenson

K.L. Fan

K. Fang

Japan

K. Farrag

A.R. Fazely

Taiwan

A. Fedynitch

N. Feigl

Identification and denoising of radio signals from cosmic-ray air showers using convolutional neural networks

We reassess prospects for direct detection of solar chameleons, in light of recent progress in modeling their production, and the availability of new XENONnT data. We show that the contribution from Primakoff production in the electric fields of electrons and ions dominates the electron recoil event rate, which is enhanced compared to earlier estimates based on magnetic conversion in the tachocline alone. We argue that the signal is governed by the effective coupling <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>β</mi><mi>eff</mi></msub><mo>≡</mo><msub><mi>β</mi><mi>γ</mi></msub><msubsup><mi>M</mi><mi>e</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msubsup></math>, which encodes the combined effects of production and detection, where <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>β</mi><mi>γ</mi></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>M</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></math> are the chameleon-photon (conformal) coupling and chameleon-electron disformal coupling scale, respectively. Setting the height of the chameleon potential to the dark energy (DE) scale <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi><mo>≃</mo><mn>2.4</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>meV</mi></math>, we show that XENONnT electron recoil data set the upper limit <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>log</mi><mn>10</mn></msub><msub><mi>β</mi><mi>eff</mi></msub><mo>&lt;</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>6.9</mn></math>. This limit is independent of the conformal matter coupling <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>β</mi><mi>m</mi></msub></math> and index <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>n</mi></math>, and applies to the whole class of inverse power-law chameleons, well beyond the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>n</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></math> case usually studied. We comment on how future multitarget experiments and lower-threshold analyses could distinguish solar chameleons from other light (pseudo)scalar particles such as axions. Our work demonstrates that existing dark matter direct detection experiments can probe regions of parameter space relevant to screened DE models, providing complementary tests to astrophysical and fifth-force searches at no additional experimental cost.

Guan-Wen Yuan

United Kingdom

Anne-Christine Davis

Spain

Maurizio Giannotti

Sunny Vagnozzi

Luca Visinelli

Julia K. Vogel

Direct detection of solar chameleons with electron recoil data from XENONnT

We derive the differential distribution of semileptonic decays with respect to the perpendicular momentum component of the final state hadron. The benefits and shortfalls arising from measurements of these distributions are discussed. Our approach is illustrated on the LHCb measurement of the $$ {\overline{B}}_s^0\to {D}_s^{+}{\mu}^{-}\overline{\nu} $$ decay distribution, where the publicly available efficiency and resolution data from the LHCb experiment are used in an independent phenomenological analysis for the first time. We extract the CKM element |$\textit{V}$ | and information on the shape of the relevant hadronic form factors from the measurement of the binned rate in the perpendicular momentum component of the hadron. An independent determination of the form factor parameters from the LHCb data is achieved, enabling the inclusion of this measurement in global fits and providing stronger constraints on the underlying theoretical descriptions.

Charles Earnshaw

Biljana Mitreska

Danny Dyk

Exploiting perpendicular momentum distributions of semileptonic decays: $$ {\overline{B}}_s^0\to {D}_s^{+}{\mu}^{-}\overline{\nu} $$ as a case study