<p>Dispersion relations are nonperturbative formulas that relate the ultraviolet and infrared behavior of an observable with wide-ranging applications applications in linear response theory, quantum field theory scattering amplitudes, and conformal correlators. We derive a position-space dispersion relation for scalar four-point mixed correlation functions in an arbitrary conformal field theory. This formula expresses the correlator in terms of its integrated double-discontinuity times a kinematic kernel. The kernel is analytically computed, and expressed in a remarkably simple form as a two-variable Appell function. The dispersion kernel is found by solving a coupled partial differential equation that the kernel obeys. Numerical checks of the dispersion relation are successfully performed for generalized free field correlators. Finally, we show that our position-space dispersion relation is equivalent to a Cauchy-type dispersion relation of the Mellin amplitude of the correlator.</p>

Israel

Dean Carmi

Chile

Spain

Javier Moreno

Shimon Sukholuski

Conformal dispersion relation for mixed correlators

We study conformal field theory in $\textit{d}$ = 1 space-time dimensions. We derive a dispersion relation for the 4-point correlation function of identical bosons and fermions, in terms of the double discontinuity. This extends the conformal dispersion relation of [1], which holds for CFTs in dimensions $\textit{d}$ ≥ 2, to the case of $\textit{d}$ = 1. The dispersion relation is obtained by combining the Lorentzian inversion formula with the operator product expansion of the 4-point correlator. We perform checks of the dispersion relation using correlators of generalised free fields and derive an integral relation between the kernel of the dispersion relation and that of the Lorentzian inversion formula. Finally, for 1-$\textit{d}$ holographic conformal theories, we analytically compute scalar Witten diagrams in $\textit{AdS}$ at tree-level and 1-loop.

Sudip Ghosh

Trakshu Sharma

1d conformal field theory and dispersion relations

We study loop amplitudes in anti de-Sitter space via the spectral representation. We consider loops of spinning fields and in particular gauge fields, and derive various identities connecting different families of loop diagrams, at different number of loops, different spins, different masses. Such identities are useful for the computation of Witten diagrams. Considering the theory of large-$\textit{N}$ conformal scalar QED defined on AdS space, we derive an analytic expression for the exact 4-point correlation function at sub-leading order in $$ \frac{1}{N_f} $$ . Additionally, we derive analytic expressions for bulk 2-point functions and boundary 4-point functions for various families of diagrams, which we denote as “blob diagrams”. Finally we study 4-point ladder diagrams with spinning fields, and we derive integral expressions for the spectral representation of a $\textit{k}$-loop ladder diagram.

Loops in AdS: from the spectral representation to position space. Part III

We consider scalar QED with $\textit{N}$ flavors in AdS . For $\textit{D <}$ 4 the theory is strongly-coupled in the IR. We use the spin 1 spectral representation to compute and efficiently resum the bubble diagram in AdS, in order to obtain the exact propagator of the photon at large $\textit{N}$ . We then apply this result to compute the boundary four-point function of the charged operators at leading order in 1$\textit{/N}$ and exactly in the coupling, both in the Coulomb and in the Higgs phase. In the first case a conserved current is exchanged in the four-point function, while in the second case the current is absent and there is a pattern of double-trace scaling dimension analogous to a resonance in flat space. We also consider the BCFT data associated to the critical point with bulk conformal symmetry separating the two phases. Both in ordinary perturbation theory and at large $\textit{N}$ , in integer dimension $\textit{D}$ = 3 an IR divergence breaks the conformal symmetry on the boundary by inducing a boundary RG flow in a current-current operator.

Italy

 Ankur

Lorenzo Pietro

Scalar QED in AdS

We continue the study of AdS loop amplitudes in the spectral representation and in position space. We compute the finite coupling 4-point function in position space for the large-N conformal Gross Neveu model on AdS 3. The resummation of loop bubble diagrams gives a result proportional to a tree-level contact diagram. We show that certain families of fermionic Witten diagrams can be easily computed from their companion scalar diagrams. Thus, many of the results and identities of [1] are extended to the case of external fermions. We derive a spectral representation for ladder diagrams in AdS. Finally, we compute various bulk 2-point correlators, extending the results of [1].

Loops in AdS: from the spectral representation to position space. Part II

We introduce the analog of Kramers-Kronig dispersion relations for correlators of four scalar operators in an arbitrary conformal field theory. The correlator is expressed as an integral over its “absorptive part”, defined as a double discontinuity, times a theory-independent kernel which we compute explicitly. The kernel is found by resumming the data obtained by the Lorentzian inversion formula. For scalars of equal scaling dimensions, it is a remarkably simple function (elliptic integral function) of two pairs of cross-ratios. We perform various checks of the dispersion relation (generalized free fields, holographic theories at tree-level, 3D Ising model), and get perfect matching. Finally, we derive an integral relation that relates the “inverted” conformal block with the ordinary conformal block.

Switzerland

Canada

Simon Caron-Huot

A conformal dispersion relation: correlations from absorption

We compute a family of scalar loop diagrams in AdS. We use the spectral representation to derive various bulk vertex/propagator identities, and these identities enable to reduce certain loop bubble diagrams to lower loop diagrams, and often to tree- level exchange or contact diagrams. An important example is the computation of the finite coupling 4-point function of the large- conformal ( ) model on . Remarkably, the re-summation of bubble diagrams is equal to a certain contact diagram: the $$ {\overline{D}}_{1,1,\frac{3}{2},\frac{3}{2}}\left(z,\overline{z}\right) $$ function. Another example is a scalar with or coupling in : we compute various 4-point (and higher point) loop bubble diagrams with alternating integer and half- integer scaling dimensions in terms of a finite sum of contact diagrams and tree-level exchange diagrams. The 4-point function with external scaling dimensions differences obeying ∆ = 0 and ∆ = 1 enjoys significant simplicity which enables us to compute in quite generality. For integer or half-integer scaling dimensions, we show that the -loop bubble diagram can be written in terms of Lerch transcendent functions of the cross- ratios and $$ \overline{z} $$ . Finally, we compute 2-point bulk bubble diagrams with endpoints in the bulk, and the result can be written in terms of Lerch transcendent functions of the AdS chordal distance. We show that the similarity of the latter two computations is not a coincidence, but arises from a vertex identity between the bulk 2-point function and the double-discontinuity of the boundary 4-point function.

Loops in AdS: from the spectral representation to position space

We study the O(N) and Gross-Neveu models at large N on AdS d+1 background. Thanks to the isometries of AdS, the observables in these theories are constrained by the SO(d, 2) conformal group even in the presence of mass deformations, as was discussed by Callan and Wilczek [1], and provide an interesting two-parameter family of quantities which interpolate between the S-matrices in flat space and the correlators in CFT with a boundary. For the actual computation, we judiciously use the spectral representation to resum loop diagrams in the bulk. After the resummation, the AdS 4-particle scattering amplitude is given in terms of a single unknown function of the spectral parameter. We then “bootstrap” the unknown function by requiring the absence of double-trace operators in the boundary OPE. Our results are at leading nontrivial order in   <math> <mfrac> <mn>1</mn> <mi>N</mi> </mfrac> </math>  $$ \frac{1}{N} $$ , and include the full dependence on the quartic coupling, the mass parameters, and the AdS radius. In the bosonic O(N) model we study both the massive phase and the symmetry-breaking phase, which exists even in AdS2 evading Coleman’s theorem, and identify the AdS analogue of a resonance in flat space. We then propose that symmetry breaking in AdS implies the existence of a conformal manifold in the boundary conformal theory. We also provide evidence for the existence of a critical point with bulk conformal symmetry, matching existing results and finding new ones for the conformal boundary conditions of the critical theories. For the Gross-Neveu model we find a bound state, which interpolates between the familiar bound state in flat space and the displacement operator at the critical point.

United States

Shota Komatsu

A study of quantum field theories in AdS at finite coupling

We evaluate the full time dependence of holographic complexity in various eternal black hole backgrounds using both the complexity=action (CA) and the complexity=volume (CV) conjectures. We conclude using the CV conjecture that the rate of change of complexity is a monotonically increasing function of time, which saturates from below to a positive constant in the late time limit. Using the CA conjecture for uncharged black holes, the holographic complexity remains constant for an initial period, then briefly decreases but quickly begins to increase. As observed previously, at late times, the rate of growth of the complexity approaches a constant, which may be associated with Lloyd’s bound on the rate of computation. However, we find that this late time limit is approached from above, thus violating the bound. For either conjecture, we find that the late time limit for the rate of change of complexity is saturated at times of the order of the inverse temperature. Adding a charge to the eternal black holes washes out the early time behaviour, i.e. complexity immediately begins increasing with sufficient charge, but the late time behaviour is essentially the same as in the neutral case. We also evaluate the complexity of formation for charged black holes and find that it is divergent for extremal black holes, implying that the states at finite chemical potential and zero temperature are infinitely more complex than their finite temperature counterparts.

Shira Chapman

Hugo Marrochio

Robert Myers

Japan

Sotaro Sugishita

On the time dependence of holographic complexity

We study two recent conjectures for holographic complexity: the complexity=action conjecture and the complexity=volume conjecture. In particular, we examine the structure of the UV divergences appearing in these quantities, and show that the coefficients can be written as local integrals of geometric quantities in the boundary. We also consider extending these conjectures to evaluate the complexity of the mixed state produced by reducing the pure global state to a specific subregion of the boundary time slice. The UV divergences in this subregion complexity have a similar geometric structure, but there are also new divergences associated with the geometry of the surface enclosing the boundary region of interest. We discuss possible implications arising from the geometric nature of these UV divergences.