<p>We report the results of a QCD axion dark matter search with discovery ability for Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky (DFSZ) axions using an axion haloscope. Sub-Kelvin noise temperatures are reached with an ultralow noise Josephson parametric amplifier cooled by a dilution refrigerator. This work excludes (with a 90% confidence level) DFSZ axions with masses between 3.27 to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>3.34</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi mathvariant="normal">μ</mi><mi>eV</mi></mrow></math>, assuming a standard halo model with a local energy density of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>0.45</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi mathvariant="normal">G</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">e</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">V</mi><mo mathvariant="normal">/</mo><msup><mrow><mi>cm</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> made up 100% of axions.</p>

United States

C. Goodman

M. Guzzetti

C. Hanretty

L.J. Rosenberg

G. Rybka

J. Sinnis

D. Zhang

John Clarke

I. Siddiqi

A.S. Chou

M. Hollister

S. Knirck

A. Sonnenschein

T.J. Caligiure

J.R. Gleason

A.T. Hipp

P. Sikivie

M.E. Solano

N.S. Sullivan

D.B. Tanner

R. Khatiwada

G. Carosi

C. Cisneros

N. Du

N. Robertson

N. Woollett

L.D. Duffy

C. Boutan

T. Braine

E. Lentz

N.S. Oblath

M.S. Taubman

United Kingdom

E.J. Daw

C. Mostyn

M.G. Perry

C. Bartram

T.A. Dyson

S. Ruppert

M.O. Withers

C.L. Kuo

Australia

B.T. McAllister

J.H. Buckley

C. Gaikwad

J. Hoffman

K. Murch

M. Goryachev

E. Hartman

A. Quiskamp

M.E. Tobar

ADMX Axion Dark Matter Bounds around <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>3.3</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi mathvariant="normal">μ</mi><mi>eV</mi></mrow></math> with Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky Discovery Ability

This paper is the last of the series investigating renormalization group aspects of stochastic random matrices, including a Wigner-like disorder. We consider the equilibrium dynamics formalism that can be merged with the Ward identities arising from the large N effective kinetics. We construct a regulator that does not break time-reversal symmetry and show that the resulting flow equations reduce to the equilibrium flow built in our previous works. Finally, we investigate the flow equations beyond the equilibrium dynamics assumption and study the stability of the perturbation around the fluctuation-dissipation theorem.

France

Vincent Lahoche

Benin

Dine Ousmane Samary

Functional renormalization group for “ = 2” like glassy matrices in the planar approximation III. Equilibrium dynamics and beyond

This paper, as a continuation of our previous investigation [Nucl. Phys. B 1005 (2024) 116582] aims to study the glassy random matrices with quenched Wigner disorder. In this previous work, we have constructed a renormalization group based on the effective deterministic kinetic spectrum emerging from large N limit, and we extended approximate solutions using standard vertex expansion, at the leading order of the derivative expansion. Now in the following work, by introducing the non-trivial Ward identities which come from the <math><msup><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>)</mo></mrow><mrow><mo>×</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math> symmetry broken of the effective kinetic action, we provide in the deep IR the explicit solution of the functional renormalization group for a model with quartic coupling by solving the Hierarchy to all orders in the local sector, which in particular imply the vanishing of the anomalous dimension. The numerical investigations confirm the first-order phase transition discovered in the vertex expansion framework, both in the active and passive schemes. Finally, we extend the discussion to hermitian matrices.

Functional renormalization group for “ = 2” like glassy matrices in the planar approximation II. Ward identities method in the deep IR

In this paper, we study the equilibrium states of a <math><mi>N</mi><mo>×</mo><mi>N</mi></math> stochastic complex random matrix M, whose entries evolve in time accordingly with a Langevin equation including both Gaussian white noises and a linear disorder, materialized by the Wigner random matrices. In large N-limit, the disorders behave as effective kinetics, and we examine a coarse-graining over the Wigner spectrum accordingly with two different schemes that we call respectively “active” and “passive”. We then investigate explicit solutions of the nonperturbative renormalization group using vertex and derivative expansion, a simple way to deal with the nonlocal nature of the effective field theory at large N. Our main statement is the existence of well-behaved fixed point solutions and at least some evidence about a discontinuous (first order) phase transition between a condensed and a dilute phase. We finally interpret the resulting phase space regarding the out-of-equilibrium process related to the dynamical phase transitions.

Functional renormalization group for “ = 2” like glassy matrices in the planar approximation I. Vertex expansion at equilibrium

The probability laws associated with random tensors or tensor field theories are traditionally equilibrium distributions. In this paper, we consider a stochastic point of view, and approach the quantization by a Langevin type equation. We especially address the low-temperature behavior of the phase ordering kinetics of a stochastic complex tensor field <math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>⋯</mo><msub><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>d</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>t</mi><mo>)</mo></math> of size N and rank d in dimension D. The method we propose use the self averaging property of the tensorial invariants in the large N limit. In this regime, the dynamics is governed by the melonic sector, whose behavior is studied in the quenched limit, where the contractions involving <math><mi>d</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></math> indices self-average around a diagonal matrix proportional to the identity. The following work especially focuses on the cyclic (i.e. non-branching) melonic sector, and we study the way that the system returns to the equilibrium regime regarding the temperature and the shape of the potential. In particular, we provide a general formula for the transition temperature between these regimes. The manuscript is accompanied by numerical simulations to support the theoretical analysis, and essentially aims to open towards this new field of investigation.

Bio Wahabou Kpera

Stochastic melonic kinetics with random initial conditions

We systematically calculate the axion-photon coupling for nonminimal Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky (DFSZ) models. Thereby, we can classify every calculated model and study the resulting distributions, relevant for axion experiments like haloscopes, helioscopes, or light-shining-through-a-wall experiments. By adding more than one additional Higgs doublet, these nonminimal DFSZ models extend the viable axion parameter space and lead to a large range of axion-photon couplings. We find couplings almost 3 orders of magnitude larger than the ones of the minimal models. Most of the possible axion-photon couplings, however, lie in the vicinity of the values dictated by the minimal models. We quantify this by introducing a theoretical prior probability distribution for DFSZ-type axions and giving 68% and 95% lower bounds as well as two-sided bands. We compare our results for the DFSZ axion-photon coupling distributions with the Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov case, for which a similar analysis has been conducted. Both display similar values as well as a very specific pattern. In order to identify preferred models, we discuss the role of flavor changing neutral currents and the domain wall problem as possible selection criteria. It is possible to construct a large number of nonminimal DFSZ models with a domain wall number of unity, thereby avoiding the domain wall problem. This subset also has a significantly enhanced axion-photon coupling compared to the minimal DFSZ models.

Germany

Johannes Diehl

Emmanouil Koutsangelas

Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky-type axions and where to find them

It has been known for some time that the cosmological bound on the invisible axion scale can be avoided by an early phase of strong QCD. While most approaches rely on theories where the strong coupling constant is determined through the expectation value of some scalar field, we show that this mechanism can also be implemented into the benchmark Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov and Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky models when the early phase of strong QCD emerges by the modification of the running coupling during inflation. For both models the physics that are responsible for making QCD strong do not displace the axions minimum by too much, so that the efficiency of the relaxation is controlled by parameters of the theory and the number of inflationary <math><mi>e</mi></math>-folds. In particular, we consider the case of very efficient relaxation where the axion abundance is dominated by inflationary quantum and postinflationary thermal fluctuations. Within this situation we identify the parameter space compatible with all cosmological constrains and derive conditions on the reheating temperature and the QCD scale during inflation that result in the axion making up all the dark matter. Because of duality below the Peccei-Quinn scale and a minor influence of the Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov and Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky fields on the running, our findings also apply to a minimal two-form implementation of the axion.

Removing the cosmological bound on the axion scale in the Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov and Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitsky models

We propose a mechanism for cogenesis of baryon and dark matter (DM) in the universe via the Affleck-Dine (AD) route. An AD field which breaks the lepton number symmetry, leads to the generation of lepton asymmetry by virtue of its cosmic evolution, which then gets transferred into lepton and dark sectors. While the lepton asymmetry gets converted into baryon asymmetry via sphalerons, the dark sector asymmetry leads to the final DM abundance with the symmetric part being annihilated away due to resonantly enhanced annihilation, which we choose to be provided by a gauged B − L portal. Stringent constraints from DM direct detection forces DM and B − L gauge boson masses to be light, in the few GeV ballpark. While a large portion of the model parameter space is already ruled out, the remaining parameter space is within sensitivity of laboratory as well as cosmology based experiments. The AD field also plays the role of inflaton with the required dynamics by virtue of its non-minimal coupling to gravity, consistent with observations.

India

Debasish Borah

Suruj Das

Nobuchika Okada

Affleck-Dine cogenesis of baryon and dark matter

We report an axion dark matter search at Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitskii sensitivity with the CAPP-12TB haloscope, assuming axions contribute 100% of the local dark matter density. The search excluded the axion-photon coupling <math><msub><mi>g</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>γ</mi><mi>γ</mi></mrow></msub></math> down to about <math><mn>6.2</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>16</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>GeV</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> over the axion mass range between 4.51 and <math><mrow><mn>4.59</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>μ</mi><mi>eV</mi></mrow></math> at a 90% confidence level. The achieved experimental sensitivity can also exclude Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov axion dark matter that makes up just 13% of the local dark matter density. The CAPP-12TB haloscope will continue the search over a wide range of axion masses.

South Korea

Andrew K. Yi

Saebyeok Ahn

Çağlar Kutlu

JinMyeong Kim

Byeong Rok Ko

Boris I. Ivanov

HeeSu Byun

Japan

Arjan F. van Loo

SeongTae Park

Junu Jeong

Ohjoon Kwon

Yasunobu Nakamura

Sergey V. Uchaikin

Jihoon Choi

Soohyung Lee

MyeongJae Lee

Yun Chang Shin

Jinsu Kim

Doyu Lee

Danho Ahn

SungJae Bae

Jiwon Lee

Younggeun Kim

Violeta Gkika

Ki Woong Lee

Seonjeong Oh

Taehyeon Seong

DongMin Kim

Woohyun Chung

Andrei Matlashov

SungWoo Youn

Yannis K. Semertzidis

Axion Dark Matter Search around <math><mrow><mn>4.55</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>μ</mi><mi>eV</mi></mrow></math> with Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnitskii Sensitivity

We present a unified model that solves four major problems of the standard model, i.e., neutrino masses, origin of matter, the strong <math><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> problem and dark matter using the framework of the Affleck-Dine (AD) mechanism. The AD field is responsible for inflation, origin of matter, and neutrino masses which arise at the one loop level. Neutrino masses are therefore intimately connected to the baryon-to-photon ratio of the Universe. The dark matter in the model is the axion field used to solve the strong <math><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> problem. The model has a near massless Majorana fermion which contributes to <math><mi>Δ</mi><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>eff</mi></msub><mo>∼</mo><mn>0.1</mn></math> in the early Universe that can be tested in the upcoming CMB-S4 experiment.

Rabindra N. Mohapatra

Affleck-Dine leptogenesis with one loop neutrino masses and a solution to the strong <math><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> problem