<p>Neutral triple gauge couplings (nTGCs) first arise from the dimension-8 operators of the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT), rather than the dimension-4 SM Lagrangian and dimension-6 SMEFT operators, opening up a unique window for probing new physics at the dimension-8 level. In this work, we formulate the nTGC form factors of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi><mi>Z</mi><msup><mi>V</mi><mo>*</mo></msup></math> (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>V</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>Z</mi></mrow></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>γ</mi></mrow></math>) that are compatible with the spontaneous breaking of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>SU</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">⊗</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">U</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math> electroweak gauge symmetry and consistently match the dimension-8 nTGC operators in the broken phase. We study the sensitivities for probing both the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi><mi>Z</mi><msup><mi>V</mi><mo>*</mo></msup></math> form factors and the corresponding new physics scales through <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi><mi>Z</mi></math> production (with visible/invisible fermionic <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi></math> decays) at high energy <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></math> colliders including CEPC, FCC-ee, LCF, ILC, and CLIC. In particular, we identify the dimension-8 operator that contributes to the pure triple <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi></math> boson coupling <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi><mi>Z</mi><msup><mi>Z</mi><mo>*</mo></msup></math> alone, but not the mixed <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi><mi>Z</mi><msup><mi>γ</mi><mo>*</mo></msup></math> coupling. We further study the correlations between probes of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi><mi>Z</mi><msup><mi>Z</mi><mo>*</mo></msup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi><mi>Z</mi><msup><mi>γ</mi><mo>*</mo></msup></math> couplings. Using machine learning, we show that angular distributions of the final-state fermions can play key roles in suppressing the SM backgrounds. The sensitivities can be further improved by using polarized <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>∓</mo></msup></math> beams, and we find that the optimal sensitivity bounds on the nTGC correlations are given by the mixed setting including both the unpolarized operation and the follow-up polarized operation. We demonstrate that machine learning is advantageous for handling the 4-body final states from <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi><mi>Z</mi></math> decays and improves significantly the sensitivity reaches of probes of nTGCs in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></math> collisions. We find that nTGC new physics scales can be probed up to the multi-TeV scale at the proposed <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></math> colliders.</p>

John Ellis

Hong-Jian He

Rui-Qing Xiao

Shi-Ping Zeng

Probing neutral triple gauge couplings via <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi><mi>Z</mi></math> production at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></math> colliders with machine learning

The $ e^+e^- $ annihilation of unpolarized beams is free from initial hadron states or initial anisotropy around the azimuthal angle. Hence, it is ideal for studying the correlations of dynamical origin via final state jets. We investigate the planar properties of multi-jet events employing the relevant event-shape observables at next-to-next-to-leading order ( $ {\cal{O}} $ ( $ \alpha_{s}^{3} $ )) in perturbative Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD). In particular, the azimuthal angle correlations on the long pseudo-rapidity (polar angle) range (Ridge correlation) between the inclusive jet momenta are calculated. We demonstrate that the significant planar properties and the strong correlations as the consequence are natural results of the energy-momentum conservation of the perturbative QCD radiation dynamics. Our study provides benchmarks of a hard strong interaction background for investigating the collective and/or thermal effects via the Ridge-like correlation observables for various scattering processes.

China

Xuan Chen

Yuesheng Dai

Shi-Yuan Li

Zong-Guo Si

Huiting Sun

Planar property and long-range azimuthal correlation in $\textit{e}$ $^{+}$ $\textit{e}$ $^{–}$ annihilation * Supported by the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (12475085, 12275157, 12321005, 12235008)

<p>We present MicroBooNE’s first search for dark sector <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></math> explanations of the long-standing MiniBooNE anomaly. The MiniBooNE anomaly has garnered significant attention over the past 20 years including previous MicroBooNE investigations into both anomalous electron and photon excesses, but its origin still remains unclear. In this Letter, we provide the first direct test of dark sector models in which dark neutrinos, produced through neutrino-induced scattering, decay into missing energy and visible <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></math> pairs comprising the MiniBooNE anomaly. Many such models have recently gained traction as a viable solution to the anomaly while evading past bounds. Using an exposure of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>6.87</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>20</mn></msup></math> protons-on-target in the Booster Neutrino Beam, we implement a selection targeting forward-going, coherently produced <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></math> events. After unblinding, we observe 95 events, which we compare with the constrained background-only prediction of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>69.7</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>17.3</mn></math>. This analysis sets the world’s first direct limits on these dark sector models and, at the 95% confidence level, excludes the entirety of the single dark neutrino and majority of the dual dark neutrino, parameter space that is viable as a solution to the MiniBooNE anomaly.</p>

Spain

A.M. Abdullahi

United States

P. Abratenko

D. Andrade Aldana

United Kingdom

L. Arellano

J. Asaadi

Israel

A. Ashkenazi

S. Balasubramanian

B. Baller

A. Barnard

G. Barr

D. Barrow

J. Barrow

V. Basque

J. Bateman

O. Benevides Rodrigues

S. Berkman

A. Bhat

M. Bhattacharya

M. Bishai

A. Blake

B. Bogart

T. Bolton

M.B. Brunetti

L. Camilleri

D. Caratelli

F. Cavanna

G. Cerati

A. Chappell

Y. Chen

J.M. Conrad

M. Convery

L. Cooper-Troendle

J.I. Crespo-Anadón

R. Cross

M. Del Tutto

S.R. Dennis

P. Detje

Switzerland

R. Diurba

Z. Djurcic

K. Duffy

S. Dytman

B. Eberly

P. Englezos

A. Ereditato

J.J. Evans

C. Fang

W. Foreman

B.T. Fleming

D. Franco

A.P. Furmanski

F. Gao

D. Garcia-Gamez

S. Gardiner

G. Ge

S. Gollapinni

E. Gramellini

P. Green

H. Greenlee

L. Gu

W. Gu

R. Guenette

P. Guzowski

L. Hagaman

M.D. Handley

O. Hen

C. Hilgenberg

Italy

Poland

J. Hoefken Zink

G.A. Horton-Smith

M. Hostert

A. Hussain

B. Irwin

M.S. Ismail

C. James

X. Ji

J.H. Jo

R.A. Johnson

D. Kalra

G. Karagiorgi

W. Ketchum

M. Kirby

T. Kobilarcik

N. Lane

J.Y. Li

Y. Li

K. Lin

B.R. Littlejohn

L. Liu

W.C. Louis

X. Luo

T. Mahmud

N. Majeed

C. Mariani

J. Marshall

N. Martinez

D.A. Martinez Caicedo

S. Martynenko

CERN

Belgium

D. Massaro

A. Mastbaum

I. Mawby

N. McConkey

First Search for Dark Sector <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math> Explanations of the MiniBooNE Anomaly at MicroBooNE

France

G. Aad

Norway

E. Aakvaag

B. Abbott

United Arab Emirates

S. Abdelhameed

Germany

K. Abeling

N. Abicht

S. Abidi

M. Aboelela

Morocco

A. Aboulhorma

H. Abramowicz

Y. Abulaiti

B. Acharya

A. Ackermann

C. Bourdarios

L. Adamczyk

S. Addepalli

M. Addison

J. Adelman

Türkiye

A. Adiguzel

T. Adye

A. Affolder

Y. Afik

M. Agaras

A. Aggarwal

Romania

C. Agheorghiesei

Azerbaijan

F. Ahmadov

S. Ahuja

X. Ai

G. Aielli

A. Aikot

M. Tamlihat

B. Aitbenchikh

M. Akbiyik

Sweden

T. Åkesson

A. Akimov

Japan

D. Akiyama

N. Akolkar

S. Aktas

G. Alberghi

Canada

J. Albert

U. Alberti

P. Albicocco

G. Albouy

S. Alderweireldt

Z. Alegria

M. Aleksa

I. Aleksandrov

C. Alexa

Greece

T. Alexopoulos

F. Alfonsi

M. Algren

M. Alhroob

Czechia

B. Ali

Saudi Arabia

H. Ali

S. Ali

S. Alibocus

South Africa

M. Aliev

G. Alimonti

W. Alkakhi

C. Allaire

B. Allbrooke

Erratum: The environmental impact, carbon emissions and sustainability of computing in the ATLAS experiment