In this work, we investigate the production and decay of molecular states with quark content $cc\bar c\bar q$ and $J^P=1^+$ using a phenomenological analysis and an effective Lagrangian approach. Based on an $\textit{SU}$(3) flavor-symmetry analysis to identify golden channels, we further explore the dynamics of these processes under the molecular assumptions of ${\eta_c D^*}$ and ${J/\psi D^*}$ . Our results indicate that the production branching ratio in $B_c$ decays is sizable: it can be of order $10^{-4}$ for the molecular configuration ${{\eta}_cD^*}$ and $10^{-5}$ for the molecule ${J/\psi D^*}$ . In addition, we find that the decay widths of the two molecular configurations ${{\eta}_cD^*}$ and ${J/\psi D^*}$ are not significant, at the level of ${\cal{O}}$ ( $\text{MeV}$ ).

China

Na Li

Ye Xing

Jing-Rui Shi

Analysis of molecular state $\textit{η$_{c}$D}$ $^{*}$ and $\textit{J}$/$\textit{ψD}$ $^{*}$ in the effective Lagrangian approach * Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (12005294)

We report stronger evidence for the $X(7200)$ state and markedly improved measurements of the $X(6900)$ resonance parameters based on a combined analysis of the di- $J/\psi$ mass spectrum using published data from LHCb, ATLAS, and CMS. Through simultaneous fits to the datasets from all three experiments, we observe the $X(6900)$ with overwhelming significance ( $ \gt 12\sigma$ ) and determine its mass and width with improved precision. For the $X(7200)$ , we find consistent signals across multiple interference models, with significances ranging from $3.7\sigma$ to $6.6\sigma$ ; in the best-fit model (the CMS three-resonance scheme), the significance reaches $6.6\sigma$ , providing substantially stronger evidence for this state. Our results underscore the essential role of interference effects in fully charmed tetraquark spectroscopy and offer new constraints on their production mechanisms at the LHC.

Yuan Wang

Ran Li

Bin Zhong

Ya-Qian Wang

Enhanced evidence of $\textit{X}$(7200) and improved measurements of $\textit{X}$(6900) parameters from a combined LHCb-ATLAS-CMS analysis * Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (12475077)

The Kerr/CFT correspondence establishes a correspondence between extremal black holes in higher dimensions and a chiral conformal field theory (CFT) in their near-horizon limit. A generalization of this framework, known as the EVH/CFT correspondence, has been developed for four- and five-dimensional AdS black holes. It was further proposed in [ ${\rm{AdS}}_{D=6,7}$ black holes, a generalized duality between $(D-2)$ -dimensional geometry and $(D-3)$ -dimensional field theory may emerge in a suitably defined extremal vanishing horizon (EVH) limit. In this work, we show that, in the EVH limit, the near-EVH geometries of these ${\rm{AdS}}_{D=6,7}$ black holes reduce to lower-dimensional black holes whose metrics are conformally related to solutions of Einstein-Maxwell-Maxwell-dilaton (EMMD) gravity. This structural resemblance suggests a potential route toward the microscopic counting of non-AdS black hole entropy via higher-dimensional AdS/CFT techniques.

Weichao Bu

Yang Lei

Probing decoupled throats of AdS $\textit{D}$ black holes in $\textit{D}$ = 6, 7 * Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (2305081), the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (PAPD), and the NSFC-Royal Society International Collaboration (W2421035)

In this paper, we present a remarkably simple expression for the exact solution to the $$D = 5,$$ $${\mathscr {N}}= 2$$ supergravity coupled to three vector multiplets with the pre-potential $$\mathscr {V} = STU -W^2U \equiv 1,$$ which represents a five-dimensional static Kaluza–Klein black hole with squashed $$S^3$$ horizons and four independent electric charges. It is asymptotically locally flat and has a spatial infinity $$R \times S^1 \hookrightarrow S^2.$$ We compute its conserved charges via the counterterm method and demonstrate that the thermodynamic quantities satisfy both the first law and Bekenstein–Smarr mass formula, provided the length of the compact extra dimension is treated as a thermodynamic variable. Besides, we have, for the first time, observed a novel black hole splitting phenomenon induced by the extra charge – namely, when the fourth Abelian vector field is added, the black hole solution to the usual $\textit{STU}$ model is split into two different branches in the new $$STU-W^2U$$ model. This fact hints that the solution space of the $$STU-W^2U$$ model has a much richer structure than that of the usual $\textit{STU}$ model. We also demonstrate that the special $$S^2U-W^2U$$ model can be converted into the usual $\textit{STU}$ model which suggests that one should coherently set $$\rho _2 = 0$$ in the general expression of the structure function: $$f(\rho ) = 1 -\rho _1/\rho +\rho _2/\rho ^2.$$

Di Wu

Shuang-Qing Wu

Static four-charge squashed black hole in five-dimensional $$STU-W^2U$$ supergravity and its thermodynamics

New threshold measurements for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>γ</mi><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>p</mi><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math> by 007 and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>γ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo></mrow></msup><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>p</mi><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math> by CLAS12 allow us to extend the previous phenomenological determination of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></math>-proton scattering length, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>α</mi><mrow><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msub></math>, using GlueX threshold data for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>γ</mi><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>p</mi><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>. The agreement between all three <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></math> datasets shows no indication of systematic differences between methodologies. Furthermore, perturbative QCD predictions support the phenomenological determination of heavy vector meson-nucleon scattering lengths. The role of the nucleon form factor, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>F</mi><mi>N</mi></msub></math>, is discussed, and a possible correction to the phenomenological scattering length for heavy vector meson photoproduction is calculated using the pole form of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>F</mi><mi>N</mi></msub></math>. Upcoming J-PARC threshold measurements of the reaction <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><mtext> </mtext><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>n</mi><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>l</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>l</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math> will help to evaluate the possible role of heavy pentaquark, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math>, states in low-energy <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></math> production and the effects caused by the nucleon form factors.

United States

Igor I. Strakovsky

William J. Briscoe

South Korea

Jung Keun Ahn

Russia

Misha G. Ryskin

Axel Schmidt

JLab and J-PARC measurements for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></mrow></math> production at threshold

In this paper, we compute the renormalization factors for the gluino and gluon fields, the gauge parameter, the coupling constant, as well as the scalar, pseudoscalar, and axial-vector gluino bilinear operators in $${\mathcal {N}} =1$$ supersymmetric Yang–Mills (SYM) theory, using improved lattice actions. Our lattice formulation employs clover fermions, a Symanzik-improved gauge action, and stout-smeared links, which suppress ultraviolet fluctuations and thus enable more accurate determinations of renormalization factors. Our methodology involves computing gauge-variant two-point and three-point Green’s functions at one-loop order in lattice perturbation theory, in order to extract the multiplicative renormalization factors and the critical gluino mass. By analyzing lattice discretization effects on the axial current and their dependence on the stout-smearing and clover parameters, we identify a value of the smearing parameter that ensures axial-current conservation at one loop. The results presented in this work provide practical guidance for the fine-tuning procedures required to set up and calibrate lattice simulations of SYM.

Cyprus

M. Costa

P. Chrysanthis

C. Costa

S. Dimou

G. Spanoudes

H. Panagopoulos

Fine-tunings and renormalization of gluino bilinear operators in lattice SYM with stout-smeared links

We extensively explore the connections between timelike entanglement and non-Hermitian density matrices in quantum many-body systems. We classify setups where we encounter non-Hermitian density matrices into two types: one is due to causal influences under unitary evolutions, and the other is due to nonunitary evolutions in non-Hermitian systems. We provide various examples of these setups including interacting harmonic oscillators, two dimensional conformal field theories, and holographic dualities. In them, we compute the timelike entanglement entropy and imagitivity, which measures how much density matrices are non-Hermitian. In both two classes, typical holographic examples are given by traversable AdS wormholes. We explain how causal influences in a wormhole dual to a pair of non-Hermitian quantum systems is possible even without interactions between them. We argue that to realize a traversable wormhole we need not only ordinary quantum entanglement but also timelike entanglement.

Japan

Jonathan Harper

Taishi Kawamoto

Ryota Maeda

Nanami Nakamura

Tadashi Takayanagi

Non-Hermitian density matrices from timelike entanglement and wormholes

Low-threshold dark matter detectors, in particular cryogenic detectors based on dielectric materials, are among the best tools for probing sub-GeV dark matter masses. In the coming years, detectors of this type will become sensitive to solar neutrino scattering. Previous work has shown that, for dark matter scattering at very low recoil energies, one must include collective excitations of the electrons in the solid. In this work, we have computed the collective excitations due to neutrino scattering on electrons and nuclei. We find the full electron-scattering response at leading order is captured by five structure factors and identify the leading component with the electron energy-loss function. Then, using silicon and germanium detectors as an example, we perform a dark matter sensitivity study and compute their respective neutrino floors—taking the electronic structure into account for all dark matter and neutrino scattering channels. Lastly, we show that these detectors are sensitive to unexplored scenarios of beyond-Standard Model neutrino physics, within the exposure required to reach the neutrino floor.

James B. Dent

Barry A. Friedman

Australia

Jayden L. Newstead

Subir Sabharwal

Nuclear and electron scattering by neutrinos and dark matter in condensed systems

We study open-charm hadrons production in pp and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>Au</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>Au</mi></mrow></math> collisions at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>200</mn></mrow></math> GeV using an improved multiphase transport (AMPT) model. Specifically, we show the transverse-momentum spectra and nuclear modification factors <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>R</mi><mi>AA</mi></msub></math> of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msup><mi>D</mi><mn>0</mn></msup></math> mesons and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow><mo>+</mo></msubsup></math> baryons, as well as the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow><mo>+</mo></msubsup><mo>/</mo><msup><mi>D</mi><mn>0</mn></msup></mrow></math> ratio in pp and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>Au</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>Au</mi></mrow></math> collisions. The results obtained from the AMPT model simulations are compared with the STAR experimental data and found to be consistent. We further investigate the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow><mo>+</mo></msubsup><mo>/</mo><msup><mi>D</mi><mn>0</mn></msup></mrow></math> ratio by evaluating contributions from coalescence, fragmentation, and the combined <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>coalescence</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>fragmentation</mi></mrow></math> mechanisms, and we find that fragmentation alone underestimates the pronounced enhancement in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>Au</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>Au</mi></mrow></math> relative to pp at low and intermediate <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>p</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">T</mi></msub></math>, whereas the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>coalescence</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>fragmentation</mi></mrow></math> mechanism reproduces the observed trend significantly better. These results indicate that coalescence plays a key role in charm-baryon productions and helps constrain the relative importance of different hadronization mechanisms in the ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions.

Bijun Fan

Shusu Shi

Chao Zhang

Liang Zheng

Open charm production and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow><mo>+</mo></msubsup><mo>/</mo><msup><mi>D</mi><mn>0</mn></msup></mrow></math> ratio in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>Au</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>Au</mi></mrow></math> collisions at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>200</mn><mo> </mo><mi>GeV</mi></mrow></math>

We investigate the production of hyperons, charmed baryons, and potential hadronic molecular states in neutrino-proton (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>ν</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>μ</mi></msub><mi>p</mi></math>) reaction, a process characterized by a particularly clean final state. Employing effective Lagrangians, chiral perturbation theory, and a hadronic molecular model, we perform theoretical calculations for several relevant channels, including those leading to the formation of the hadronic molecular candidate <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>. Our results indicate that future neutrino facilities could serve as a complementary platform for exploring exotic baryonic states and provide valuable insights into the dynamics of strong interactions in the strange and charm sectors.

Kai-Sa Qiao

Bing-Song Zou

Production of hyperons, charmed baryons, and hadronic molecule candidates in neutrino-proton reaction