We show that the nonperturbative dynamics of <math><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn></math> super-Yang-Mills theories in a self-dual <math><mi>Ω</mi></math> background and with arbitrary simple gauge group is fully determined by studying renormalization group equations of vacuum expectation values of surface operators generating one-form symmetries. The corresponding system of equations is a nonautonomous Toda chain, the time being the renormalization group scale. We obtain new recurrence relations which provide a systematic algorithm computing multi-instanton corrections from the tree-level one-loop prepotential as the asymptotic boundary condition of the renormalization group equations. We exemplify by computing the <math><msub><mi>E</mi><mn>6</mn></msub></math> and <math><msub><mi>G</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> cases up to two instantons.