We point out that the odd-in-velocity contribution to the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>G</mi><mn>4</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> radiated angular momentum for two-body scattering is determined by the radiation-reaction (RR) term in the one-loop waveform. This RR term is actually proportional to the tree-level waveform, and this reduces the calculation of the odd-in-velocity contribution to the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>G</mi><mn>4</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> angular momentum loss, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>J</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>rad</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math>, to two loops, instead of three loops as one would expect by power counting. We exploit this simplification, which follows from unitarity, to obtain a closed-form expression for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>J</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>rad</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math> for generic velocities, which resums all fractional post-Newtonian (PN) corrections to the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>G</mi><mn>4</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> angular momentum loss starting at 1.5PN.

France

Carlo Heissenberg

Radiation-reaction and angular momentum loss at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi mathvariant="script">O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math>

The low-energy spectrum relevant to the lattice calculation of the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to muon anomalous magnetic moment <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>a</mi><mi>μ</mi><mrow><mi>HVP</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>LO</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> is dominantly given by two-pion states satisfying Lüscher’s finite-volume quantization condition. Finite-volume effects from those states may exhibit power-law dependence on the volume, contrary to an exponential suppression as suggested by chiral effective theory. Employing the finite-volume state decomposition of Euclidean correlators, we systematically investigate the volume dependence and identify the different volume scalings depending on the volume and Euclidean-time region. Using phenomenological inputs for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>π</mi><mi>π</mi></math> phase shift and the timelike pion form factor, we obtain an estimate for the finite-volume effects on <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>a</mi><mi>μ</mi><mrow><mi>HVP</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>LO</mi></mrow></msubsup></math>, which is consistent with previous works. Numerical results are given for the “window” observables of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>a</mi><mi>μ</mi></msub></math>.

Japan

Sakura Itatani

Hidenori Fukaya

Shoji Hashimoto

Anatomy of finite-volume effects on the hadronic vacuum polarization contribution to the muon <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></math>

We present a calculation of the leading two-loop corrections to the axial-vector coupling constant <math altimg='si1.svg'><msub><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>A</mi></mrow></msub></math> in two covariant versions of two-flavor baryon chiral perturbation theory. Taking the low-energy constants from a combined analysis of elastic and inelastic pion-nucleon scattering, we find that these corrections are rather moderate.

Véronique Bernard

Germany

Georgia

Jambul Gegelia

Shayan Ghosh

China

Ulf-G. Meißner

Calculation of the axial-vector coupling constant <italic>g</italic> <inf><italic>A</italic></inf> to two loops in covariant chiral perturbation theory

The novel Branching-Ratio Method (BRM) for the determination of effective value <math altimg='si1.svg'><msubsup><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant='normal'>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant='normal'>eff</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> of the weak axial coupling <math altimg='si2.svg'><msub><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant='normal'>A</mi></mrow></msub></math> for forbidden non-unique (FNU) <math altimg='si3.svg'><msup><mrow><mi>&#946;</mi></mrow><mrow><mo linebreak='badbreak' linebreakstyle='after'>+</mo></mrow></msup></math>/electron-capture(EC) decays is introduced. The method offers new possibilities for testing the fitness of nuclear Hamiltonians in modeling the physics of complex <math altimg='si3.svg'><msup><mrow><mi>&#946;</mi></mrow><mrow><mo linebreak='badbreak' linebreakstyle='after'>+</mo></mrow></msup></math>/EC decays. The constraint of simultaneously reproducing the branching to <math altimg='si3.svg'><msup><mrow><mi>&#946;</mi></mrow><mrow><mo linebreak='badbreak' linebreakstyle='after'>+</mo></mrow></msup></math> and EC transitions offers an additional constraint in tackling the problem of <math altimg='si1.svg'><msubsup><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant='normal'>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant='normal'>eff</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> determination. In the BRM the ambiguity in the choice of the values of <math altimg='si1.svg'><msubsup><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant='normal'>A</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant='normal'>eff</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> and s-NME (small relativistic vector nuclear matrix element) is lifted when constraints of the branching ratios of <math altimg='si3.svg'><msup><mrow><mi>&#946;</mi></mrow><mrow><mo linebreak='badbreak' linebreakstyle='after'>+</mo></mrow></msup></math> and EC decays are applied. As an example, in the present work we apply BRM to the case of second FNU <math altimg='si3.svg'><msup><mrow><mi>&#946;</mi></mrow><mrow><mo linebreak='badbreak' linebreakstyle='after'>+</mo></mrow></msup></math>/EC decay of 59Ni. This decay is treated with three different nuclear shell-model (NSM) Hamiltonians demonstrating the effects of different nuclear-structure aspects in application of the BRM.

Finland

Aagrah Agnihotri

Romania

Jouni Suhonen

Novel way of evaluating <italic>g</italic> <inf><italic>A</italic></inf> quenching in <italic>&#946;</italic> +/EC decays: Introducing the Branching-Ratio Method (BRM)

G. Aad

United States

B. Abbott

K. Abeling

N. Abicht

S. Abidi

Morocco

A. Aboulhorma

Israel

H. Abramowicz

H. Abreu

Y. Abulaiti

Chile

A. Abusleme Hoffman

Italy

United Kingdom

B. Acharya

C. Adam Bourdarios

Poland

L. Adamczyk

Canada

L. Adamek

S. Addepalli

M. Addison

J. Adelman

Türkiye

A. Adiguzel

T. Adye

A. Affolder

Switzerland

Y. Afik

Spain

M. Agaras

J. Agarwala

A. Aggarwal

C. Agheorghiesei

A. Ahmad

Azerbaijan

F. Ahmadov

W. Ahmed

S. Ahuja

X. Ai

G. Aielli

A. Aikot

M. Ait Tamlihat

B. Aitbenchikh

I. Aizenberg

M. Akbiyik

Sweden

T. Åkesson

A. Akimov

D. Akiyama

N. Akolkar

K. Khoury

G. Alberghi

J. Albert

P. Albicocco

G. Albouy

S. Alderweireldt

M. Aleksa

I. Aleksandrov

C. Alexa

Greece

T. Alexopoulos

F. Alfonsi

M. Algren

M. Alhroob

Czechia

B. Ali

H. Ali

Taiwan

S. Ali

S. Alibocus

M. Aliev

G. Alimonti

W. Alkakhi

C. Allaire

B. Allbrooke

J. Allen

C. Allendes Flores

P. Allport

A. Aloisio

Argentina

F. Alonso

C. Alpigiani

M. Alvarez Estevez

A. Alvarez Fernandez

M. Alves Cardoso

M. Alviggi

M. Aly

Brazil

Y. Amaral Coutinho

A. Ambler

C. Amelung

M. Amerl

C. Ames

D. Amidei

Portugal

S. Amor Dos Santos

K. Amos

Norway

V. Ananiev

C. Anastopoulos

T. Andeen

J. Anders

S. Andrean

A. Andreazza

S. Angelidakis

A. Angerami

A. Anisenkov

A. Annovi

C. Antel

M. Anthony

E. Antipov

M. Antonelli

F. Anulli

M. Aoki

T. Aoki

J. Aparisi Pozo

M. Aparo

Erratum: Measurement of $\textit{t}$-channel production of single top quarks and antiquarks in $\textit{pp}$ collisions at 13 TeV using the full ATLAS Run 2 data sample

In this paper, we consider hard-wall anti–de Sitter/quantum chromodynamics (AdS/QCD) models extended by a string-theory inspired Chern-Simons action in terms of a superconnection involving a bifundamental scalar field which corresponds to the open-string tachyon of brane-antibrane configurations and which is naturally identified with the holographic dual of the quark condensate in chiral symmetry breaking. This realizes both the axial and chiral anomalies of QCD with a Witten-Veneziano mechanism for the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>η</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></math> mass in addition to current quark masses, but somewhat differently than in the Katz-Schwartz AdS/QCD model used previously by us to evaluate pseudoscalar and axial vector transition form factors and their contribution to the hadronic light-by-light (HLBL) piece of the muon <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></math>. Compared to the Katz-Schwartz model, we obtain a significantly more realistic description of axial-vector mesons with regard to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>f</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>−</mo><msubsup><mi>f</mi><mn>1</mn><mo>′</mo></msubsup></math> mixing and equivalent photon rates. Moreover, predictions of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>f</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></math> branching ratios are found to be in line with a recent phenomenological study. However, pseudoscalar transition form factors compare less well with experiment; in particular the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>π</mi><mn>0</mn></msup></math> transition form factor turns out to be overestimated at moderate nonzero virtuality. For the combined HLBL contribution to the muon <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></math> from the towers of axial vector mesons and excited pseudoscalars we obtain, however, a result very close to that of the Katz-Schwartz model.

Austria

Josef Leutgeb

Jonas Mager

Anton Rebhan

Superconnections in AdS/QCD and the hadronic light-by-light contribution to the muon <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math>

We propose a novel method to determine the strong coupling of quantum chromodynamics (QCD) and fix its running behavior at all scales by using the Bjorken sum rules (BSR). The BSR defines an effective coupling <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>g</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math> which includes the nonperturbative higher-twist corrections and perturbative QCD (pQCD) corrections to the leading-twist part. For the leading-twist part of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>α</mi><mi>s</mi><msub><mi>g</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, we adopt the infinite-order scale-setting procedure of the principle of maximum conformality (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>PMC</mi><mi>∞</mi></msub></math>) to deal with its pQCD corrections, which reveals the intrinsic conformality of the series and eliminates conventional renormalization scheme-and-scale ambiguities. Using the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>PMC</mi><mi>∞</mi></msub></math> approach, we not only eliminate the first kind of residual scale dependence due to uncalculated higher-order terms, but also resolve the previous “self-consistency problem.” The light-front holographic QCD model is used for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>α</mi><mi>s</mi><msub><mi>g</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> in the infrared region, which also reveals a conformal behavior at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mn>0</mn></math>. As a combination, we obtain a precise <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>α</mi><mi>s</mi><msub><mi>g</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> at all scales, which matches well with the known experimental data with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>p</mi></math>-value <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>∼</mo><mn>98</mn><mo>%</mo></math>, and determines the strong coupling constant at the scale <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>M</mi><mi>Z</mi></msub></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>α</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>M</mi><mi>Z</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>0.122</mn><msubsup><mn>0</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>0.0012</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>0.0011</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mi>κ</mi><msubsup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>0.0007</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>0.0046</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mrow><mi>the</mi><mo>.</mo></mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, where the first error comes from <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mi>κ</mi></math> of LFHQCD model and the second error is from the second kind of residual scale dependence.

Qing Yu

Xing-Gang Wu

Hua Zhou

Jian-Ming Shen

Determination of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>α</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>M</mi><mi>Z</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> via a high-precision effective coupling <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>α</mi><mi>s</mi><msub><mi>g</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>

This paper presents the reconstruction of missing transverse momentum ( $$p_{\text {T}}^{\text {miss}}$$ ) in proton–proton collisions, at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV. This is a challenging task involving many detector inputs, combining fully calibrated electrons, muons, photons, hadronically decaying $$\tau $$ -leptons, hadronic jets, and soft activity from remaining tracks. Possible double counting of momentum is avoided by applying a signal ambiguity resolution procedure which rejects detector inputs that have already been used. Several $$p_{\text {T}}^{\text {miss}}$$ ‘working points’ are defined with varying stringency of selections, the tightest improving the resolution at high pile-up by up to 39% compared to the loosest. The $$p_{\text {T}}^{\text {miss}}$$ performance is evaluated using data and Monte Carlo simulation, with an emphasis on understanding the impact of pile-up, primarily using events consistent with leptonic $\textit{Z}$ decays. The studies use $$140~\text {fb}^{-1}$$ of data, collected by the ATLAS experiment at the Large Hadron Collider between 2015 and 2018. The results demonstrate that $$p_{\text {T}}^{\text {miss}}$$ reconstruction, and its associated significance, are well understood and reliably modelled by simulation. Finally, the systematic uncertainties on the soft $$p_{\text {T}}^{\text {miss}}$$ component are calculated. After various improvements the scale and resolution uncertainties are reduced by up to $$76\%$$ and $$51\%$$ , respectively, compared to the previous calculation at a lower luminosity.

E. Aakvaag

C. Bourdarios

M. Tamlihat

S. Aktas

Z. Alegria

South Africa

C. Flores

M. Estevez

A. Fernandez

M. Cardoso

Y. Coutinho

S. Santos

J. Pozo

The performance of missing transverse momentum reconstruction and its significance with the ATLAS detector using 140 $$\hbox {fb}^{-1}$$ of $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ TeV $\textit{pp}$ collisions

In this paper, we evaluate the complexity of the non static cylindrical geometry with anisotropic matter configuration in the framework of modified Gauss–Bonnet theory. In this perspective, we calculate modified field equations, the $\textit{C}$ energy formula and the mass function that help to understand the astrophysical structures in this modified gravity. Furthermore, we use the Weyl tensor and obtain different structure scalars by orthogonally splitting the Riemann tensor. One of these scalars, $$Y_{TF}$$ is referred to as the complexity factor. This parameter measures the system’s complexity due to non-uniform energy density and non-isotropic pressure. We select the identical complexity factor for the structure as used in the non-static scenario, while considering the analogous criterion for the most elementary pattern of development. This technique involves formulating structural scalars that illustrate the fundamental features of the system. A fluid distribution that satisfies the vanishing complexity requirement and evolves homologously is characterized as isotropic, geodesic, homogeneous, and shear-free. In the dissipative scenario, the fluid remains geodesic while exhibiting shear, resulting in an extensive array of solutions.

Pakistan

M. Gul

W. Ahmad

M. Nasir

Faisal Javed

Kuwait

Orhan Donmez

Saudi Arabia

Bander Almutairi

Study of complexity factor and stability of dynamical systems in $$f(\mathcal {G})$$ gravity

The mass of the top quark is measured using top-quark-top-antiquark pair events with high transverse momentum top quarks. The dataset, collected with the ATLAS detector in proton–proton collisions at <math altimg='si2.svg'><msqrt><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msqrt><mo linebreak='goodbreak' linebreakstyle='after'>=</mo><mn>13</mn></math> TeV delivered by the Large Hadron Collider, corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 140 fb &#8722;1. The analysis targets events in the lepton-plus-jets decay channel, with an electron or muon from a semi-leptonically decaying top quark and a hadronically decaying top quark that is sufficiently energetic to be reconstructed as a single large-radius jet. The mean of the invariant mass of the reconstructed large-radius jet provides the sensitivity to the top quark mass and is simultaneously fitted with two additional observables to reduce the impact of the systematic uncertainties. The top quark mass is measured to be <math altimg='si3.svg'><msub><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub><mo linebreak='goodbreak' linebreakstyle='after'>=</mo><mn>172.95</mn><mo>&#177;</mo><mn>0.53</mn></math> GeV, which is the most precise ATLAS measurement from a single channel.

United Arab Emirates

S. Abdelhameed

N.J. Abicht

S.H. Abidi

M. Aboelela

B.S. Acharya

A. Ackermann

S.V. Addepalli

M.J. Addison

A.A. Affolder

M.N. Agaras

T.P.A. Åkesson

A.V. Akimov

N.N. Akolkar

G.L. Alberghi

G.L. Albouy

Measurement of the top quark mass with the ATLAS detector using <math altimg='si1.svg'><mi>t</mi><mover accent='true'><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy='false'>&#175;</mo></mrow></mover></math> events with a high transverse momentum top quark