The reduced cross section of the semiexclusive <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>l</mi><mo>,</mo><msup><mi>l</mi><mo>′</mo></msup><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> lepton scattering process irrespective of the type of interaction is determined mainly by the bound nucleon momentum distribution in the target and nucleon final state interaction with the residual nucleus. These cross sections can be identified with distorted nuclear spectral functions and therefore, they are similar up to Coulomb corrections for neutrino and electron scattering on nuclei. In this article, we exploit this similarity and use data with precise kinematics and large statistics for semiexclusive electron scattering on an oxygen target to test models employed in the genie neutrino event generator. We find that these models cannot reproduce well the measured reduced cross sections in all allowed kinematic regions and the genie event generator needs to describe better both the nuclear ground states and nucleon final state interaction. The approach presented in this paper provides a great opportunity to better test the accuracy of nuclear models of quasielastic neutrino-nucleus scattering, employed in neutrino event generators.

Russia

A.V. Butkevich

S.V. Luchuk

Test of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi mathsize="small">G</mi><mi mathsize="small">E</mi><mi mathsize="small">N</mi><mi mathsize="small">I</mi><mi mathsize="small">E</mi></mrow></math> neutrino event generator against reduced cross sections extracted from <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">O</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>16</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>e</mi><mo>,</mo><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math> data

In the present work, we incorporate redshift space distortion measurement to investigate the growth of large scale structure within the framework of multi-fluid cosmology in the context of $\textit{f}$($\textit{G}$) gravity. Using 3 different $\textit{f}$($\textit{G}$) gravity models, where $\textit{f}$($\textit{G}$) is the function of Gauss–Bonnet invariant, we compare the predictions of $\textit{f}$($\textit{G}$) gravity expansion history—through the Friedmann equation with Hubble data, BAO data sets and constrain models parameters such as $$\Omega _{m}$$ and $$H_{0}$$ . Within the context of multi-fluid cosmology in $\textit{f}$($\textit{G}$) gravity, we obtain the structure growth equation. This equation is then combined with $$\sigma _{8}$$ to get $$f\sigma _{8}$$ predictions—which is compared with redshift space distortion data to constrain models parameters to obtain best-fit values including $$\sigma _{8}$$ . This involves performing a Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis for these specific forms of $\textit{f}$($\textit{G}$) models. we also perform a statistical analysis incorporating the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC), the Bayesian Information Criterion (BIC), to assess the goodess-of-fit of the considered models.

India

Praveen Dhankar

Rwanda

Albert Munyeshyaka

Aritra Sanyal

Saudi Arabia

Safiqul Islam

Farook Rahaman

Constraints on multi-fluid cosmology in $\textit{f}$($\textit{G}$) gravity with different observational data sets

We apply Bayesian inference to the order-by-order chiral perturbation theory ( <italic>&#967;</italic>PT) expansions for the axial-vector coupling constant <italic>g<inf>A</inf></italic> and the nucleon mass <italic>m<inf>N</inf></italic>, and thereby infer the scales at which <italic>&#967;</italic>PT breaks down for these two observables. Using a pointwise Bayesian analysis, we find that the inferred breakdown scales are notably different for the two observables. For the chiral expansion of <italic>g<inf>A</inf></italic>, we obtain <math altimg='si20.svg'><msubsup><mn>251</mn><mrow><mo>&#8722;</mo><mn>50</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>20</mn></mrow></msubsup></math> MeV and <math altimg='si21.svg'><msubsup><mn>211</mn><mrow><mo>&#8722;</mo><mn>30</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>20</mn></mrow></msubsup></math> MeV using two distinct sets of low-energy constants, while for the chiral expansion of <italic>m<inf>N</inf></italic> we infer a significantly larger breakdown scale of <math altimg='si22.svg'><msubsup><mn>491</mn><mrow><mo>&#8722;</mo><mn>90</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>60</mn></mrow></msubsup></math> MeV.

Sweden

Andreas Ekström

United States

Daniel R. Phillips

Lucas Platter

Matthias R. Schindler

Inferring the breakdown scales of the chiral expansions for <italic>g<inf>A</inf></italic> and <italic>m<inf>N</inf></italic>

In this work, we explore the formulation of the Misner-Sharp energy within the framework of <math altimg='si3.svg'><mrow><mi>f</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant='script'>G</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> gravity, a modified theory incorporating the Ricci scalar <italic>R</italic> and the Gauss-Bonnet scalar <math altimg='si4.svg'><mi mathvariant='script'>G</mi></math>. By extending the quasilocal energy definition to both static spherically symmetric spacetime and the dynamic Friedmann-Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker (FLRW) spacetime, we derive explicit expressions for the generalized Misner-Sharp energy using two complementary approaches: the integration method and the conserved charge method based on the Kodama vector. Our analysis shows that the Misner-Sharp energy expression in <math altimg='si3.svg'><mrow><mi>f</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant='script'>G</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> gravity reduces to standard <italic>f</italic>( <italic>R</italic>) gravity results when the Gauss-Bonnet term is absent, revealing how curvature modifications influence the geometric structure and dynamics of cosmic evolution. Furthermore, we investigate the thermodynamic properties at the apparent horizon associated with the FLRW background, and we find a connection to non-equilibrium thermodynamics unique to <math altimg='si3.svg'><mrow><mi>f</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant='script'>G</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> gravity. These findings underscore the subtle and fundamental role of curvature corrections in determining the energy distribution and thermodynamic behavior of gravitational systems.

Iran

Türkiye

Amin Rezaei Akbarieh

Navid Safarzadeh Ilkhchi

Yaghoub Heydarzade

Generalized Misner-Sharp energy in <math altimg='si3.svg'><mrow><mi>f</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant='script'>G</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> gravity

The long-distance contribution of QED corrections to the hadronic vacuum polarization is particularly challenging to compute in lattice <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>QCD</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>QED</mi></mrow></math>. Currently, it is one of the limiting factors toward matching the precision of the recent result by the Fermilab E989 experiment for the muon <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math>. In this work, we present a method for obtaining high-precision results for this contribution by reconstructing exclusive finite-volume state contributions. We find relations between the pion-photon contributions of individual diagrams and demonstrate the reconstruction method with lattice <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>QCD</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>QED</mi></mrow></math> data at a single lattice spacing of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>a</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><mo>≈</mo><mn>1.73</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>π</mi></msub><mo>≈</mo><mn>275</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>MeV</mi></math>.

Germany

C. Lehner

J. Parrino

A. Völklein

Long-distance reconstruction of QED corrections to the hadronic vacuum polarization for the muon <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></math>

In this study, we investigate a scenario based on the effects of the Loop Quantum Gravity (LQG) on the electromagnetic sector of the Standard Model of Fundamental Interactions and Particle Physics (SM). Starting from a post-Maxwellian version of electromagnetism that includes LQG effects, we derive and discuss the influence of LQG parameters on classical quantities such as the components of the stress-tensor. Furthermore, we inspect the propagation of electromagnetic waves and examine the optical properties of the QED vacuum in this scenario. Among these, we contemplate the combined effect of the LQG parameters and a homogeneous background magnetic field on the propagation of electromagnetic waves by considering issues such as group velocities and refractive indices of the QED vacuum, in detail. Finally, with the aid of the previously analyzed LQG-extended photonic dispersion relations, we re-discuss the kinematics of the Compton effect and conclude that an interesting nonlinear profile emerges in the wavelengths of the incoming and deflected photons.

Brazil

P.A.L. Mourão

G.L.L.W. Levy

J.A. Helayël-Neto

Reassessing aspects of LQG-modified dispersion relations of photons * P. A. L. Mourão is support by CAPES. G. L. L. W. L. Levy is support by the Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (FAPERJ), Grant No. E-26/202.437/2024.

We compute the potential-graviton contributions to the conservative scattering angle of two nonspinning bodies in maximal supergravity at fifth order in Newton’s constant, including second-order self-force effects. Our goal is to tackle the challenging integrals arising at this order in Einstein gravity, but within the technically simpler framework of supergravity. The calculation employs the scattering-amplitude framework, effective field theory, and multiloop integration techniques based on integration by parts and differential equations. The final result is expressed as a series expansion around the static limit, thereby avoiding the explicit evaluation of intricate special functions. This series solution for the master integrals applies, as well, to the corresponding computation in general relativity. Remarkably, we observe nontrivial cancellations among contributions associated with Calabi-Yau integrals, alongside a distinct contribution governed by a Heun differential equation.

Zvi Bern

Enrico Herrmann

Switzerland

Radu Roiban

Michael S. Ruf

Alexander V. Smirnov

Vladimir A. Smirnov

United Kingdom

Mao Zeng

Second-Order Self-Force Potential-Region Binary Dynamics at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi mathvariant="script">O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>G</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math> in Supergravity

A fermion can be chiral or vectorlike with respect to a given symmetry, depending on its coupling to the corresponding gauge boson. Vectorlike fermions have a distinct property that their left- and right-handed components behave in the same way under the gauge symmetry. In this paper, we investigate an extension of the standard model with an <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>S</mi><mi>U</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> doublet of vectorlike leptons and two complex scalars. The new physics effects on the lepton anomalous magnetic moment, as well as the electron and muon pair production processes at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></math> colliders are analyzed. Taking into account the updated measurement results of the electron and muon <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></math>, as well as the Large Electron-Positron Collider and the LHC data, the viable parameter space of the model is identified. We also examine the prospect of testing the model using <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>μ</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>μ</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></math> signals from electron-position annihilation at the Future Circular Collider (FCC-ee). The analysis shows that the FCC-ee will be able to exclude a significant part of the parameter space, pinpointing exiguous viable regions to be tested in the future due to its high precision.

Vietnam

Sang Quang Dinh

Hieu Minh Tran

Vectorlike lepton imprints at lepton <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></math> measurements and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math> colliders

We examine electron and muon anomalous magnetic dipole moments within a radiative neutrino mass model featuring TeV-scale scalar leptoquarks <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>S</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>3</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>R</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>6</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>. We utilize textures with decoupling electron and muon sectors, so that both electron and muon anomalous magnetic dipole moments could receive internal chiral enhancements from different heavy up-type quarks while in the same time evading the stringent <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>μ</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>e</mi><mi>γ</mi></math> constraint. A successful fit to neutrino oscillation data requires the simultaneous presence of one- and two-loop neutrino mass contributions. This severely constrains the parameter space of the model, which results in a negligible new physics correction to the muon <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></math>. The electron <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></math> discrepancy implied by the rubidium experiment, on the other hand, can be resolved within <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>2</mn><mi>σ</mi></math> uncertainty provided that neutrino mass ordering is inverted. Lepton-flavor-violating tau decay rates, such as <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>τ</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>e</mi><mi>γ</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>τ</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>e</mi></math>, are predicted to be within the sensitivities of next-generation experiments.

Thailand

Indonesia

Bayu Dirgantara

J. Julio

Constraining the new contributions to electron <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></math> in a radiative neutrino mass model

The electromagnetic structure of axial-vector mesons is investigated via elastic and two-photon transition form factors (TFFs). To this end, we employ a framework based on the Dyson-Schwinger and Bethe-Salpeter equations within a contact interaction (CI) model. This largely algebraic approach exposes the role of symmetries and their breaking in a transparent manner, and has proven successful in describing anomaly-sensitive processes, including pseudoscalar to two-photon TFFs, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>γ</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>π</mi></math>, and vector-to-pseudoscalar radiative decays. Restricting our analysis to the lowest-lying axial-vector meson multiplet, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy="false">{</mo><msub><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msubsup><mrow><mi>f</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">}</mo></mrow></math>, we also explore the corresponding light-by-light contribution to the muon anomalous magnetic moment. This contribution is underestimated in the CI model mainly due to the normalization of the TFFs. After applying a phenomenologically motivated rescaling to the TFFs, a process required given the limitations of the CI model, we obtain <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi></mrow></msubsup><mo>=</mo><mn>8.1</mn><msubsup><mrow><mn>6</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1.02</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>1.22</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>11</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>, consistent with contemporary assessments.

China

Zanbin Xing

Lei Chang

Spain

Khépani Raya

Electromagnetic structure of axial-vector mesons and implications for the muon <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></math>