We compute the complete potential-graviton contributions to the conservative radial action and scattering angle for two nonspinning bodies in general relativity, accurate through fifth order in Newton’s constant and including second-order self-force effects. The calculation is carried out in the scattering-amplitude framework, combining the double-copy, effective field theory, and multiloop integration techniques based on integration by parts and differential equations. To address a major computational bottleneck, we develop improved integration-by-parts algorithms that render calculations at this order tractable. The post-Minkowskian amplitude is presented as a series expansion, following the strategy used earlier in maximal supergravity. For the first self-force sector, which involves only polylogarithmic functions, we also provide a closed-form analytic expression. For the second self-force sector, as in earlier supergravity work, we find nontrivial cancellations among contributions related to integrals supported on Calabi-Yau geometry.

United States

Zvi Bern

Enrico Herrmann

Switzerland

Radu Roiban

Michael S. Ruf

Russia

Alexander V. Smirnov

United Kingdom

Italy

Sid Smith

Mao Zeng

Scattering Amplitudes and Conservative Binary Dynamics at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>G</mi><mn>5</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> without Self-Force Truncation

We analyze quantum obstructions to classical infinite distance limits in four-dimensional string compactifications with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></math> supersymmetry. Such quantum effects signal a severe departure from the perturbative effective action and can be of considerable importance for string model building. Our focus is on the complex structure moduli space of type IIB orientifolds with O7/O3-planes and its F-theory description. In this first part of our analysis, we investigate the behavior of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>g</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></math> corrections in infinite distance complex structure limits. Our main finding is that, depending on the location of the O7-plane, nonperturbative corrections in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>g</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></math> can become unsuppressed, thus obstructing a perturbative type IIB description in the corresponding asymptotic region of the field space. In particular, this applies to large complex structure limits. To show this, we study the F-theory description of the type IIB orientifold, in which all pure <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>g</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></math> corrections are encoded in the (classical) geometry of an elliptic Calabi-Yau fourfold. This <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>g</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></math>-corrected moduli space is found to differ significantly from the classical moduli space. In extreme cases the classical infinite distance degeneration can be completely removed at the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>g</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></math>-corrected quantum level. The behavior of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>α</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></math> corrections, as well as implications for string model building, are discussed in a companion paper.

Germany

Lukas Kaufmann

Jeroen Monnee

Timo Weigand

Max Wiesner

Quantum obstructions for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></math> infinite distance limits. I. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>g</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></math> obstructions

In this article, we present projected 95% C.L. limits on axion-like particle (ALP) couplings from ALP production at a future $$e^+e^-$$ collider operating at $$\sqrt{s} = 250~\text {GeV}$$ with integrated luminosity $$L = 0.5~\text {ab}^{-1}$$ . We constrain the effective couplings $$g_{\gamma \gamma }$$ , $$g_{Z\gamma }$$ , $$g_{ZZ}$$ , and $$g_{WW}$$ over the ALP mass range $$20~\text {GeV} \le m_a \le 100~\text {GeV}$$ , finding projected bounds at the level of $$\mathcal {O}(10^{-1})~\text {TeV}^{-1}$$ for $$g_{\gamma \gamma }/f_a$$ . Given that the latest muon anomalous magnetic moment measurement ( $$\Delta a_\mu $$ ) shows no statistically significant deviation from the Standard Model prediction, we reinterpret the ALP contributions to $$\Delta a_\mu $$ as a stringent consistency requirement. We then derive the corresponding allowed regions for $$g_{\gamma \gamma }$$ and the ALP–muon coupling $$C_{\mu \mu }$$ , and apply them to a fermionic dark matter scenario in which the relic density depends on both the dark matter mass $$m_\chi $$ and $$m_a$$ . The same parameter space is further constrained by Higgs signal strength measurements through $$h \rightarrow \gamma \gamma $$ and $$h \rightarrow Z\gamma $$ . A comparative analysis with existing experimental and theoretical bounds highlights the complementarity of $$\Delta a_\mu $$ , dark matter, and Higgs observables in restricting ALP couplings, demonstrating that even in the absence of a $$\Delta a_\mu $$ anomaly, these constraints provide essential guidance for viable ALP parameter space.

South Africa

India

Pramod Sharma

Soham Singh

Mukesh Kumar

Ashok Goyal

Comprehensive constraints on ALP couplings from future $$e^+e^-$$ colliders, muon $$g-2$$ , thermal dark matter and Higgs measurements

A numerical framework for approximating G <inf>2</inf>-structure 3-forms on contact Calabi&#8211;Yau manifolds is presented. The approach proceeds in three stages: first, existing neural network models are employed to compute an approximate Ricci-flat metric on a Calabi&#8211;Yau threefold. Second, using this metric and the explicit construction of a G <inf>2</inf>-structure on the associated 7-dimensional Calabi&#8211;Yau link in the 9-sphere, numerical approximations of the 3-form are generated on a large set of sampled points. Finally, a dedicated neural architecture is trained to learn the 3-form and its induced Riemannian metric directly from data, validating the learned structure and its torsion via a numerical implementation of the exterior derivative, which may be of independent interest.

Elli Heyes

Brazil

Edward Hirst

Henrique N. Sá Earp

Tomás S.R. Silva

Neural and numerical methods for G <inf>2</inf>-structures on contact Calabi&#8211;Yau 7&#8211;manifolds

We explore 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 theories arising from twisted compactification of 4d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 ($\textit{G}$, $\textit{G}$ ) Argyres-Douglas superconformal field theories (SCFTs), together with the 2d vertex operator algebras (VOAs) supported on the holomorphic boundary of their topologically twisted sector. Starting from the Coulomb branch BPS spectra of the ($\textit{G}$, $\textit{G}$ ) Argyres-Douglas theories, we develop a systematic and efficient method to obtain the ellipsoid partition functions of associated 3d theories using quiver mutations and wall-crossing invariants. This allows us to extract the modular data of the boundary VOAs, which are related to the Schur sectors of the 4d theories through the 4d SCFT/2d VOA correspondence. Our results provide a useful computational bridge between 4d SCFTs and 2d VOAs through interpolating 3d topological field theories.

South Korea

Minsung Kim

Sungjoon Kim

3D TFTs and boundary VOAs from BPS spectra of ($\textit{G}$, $\textit{G}$ ′) Argyres-Douglas theories

A modified gravitational model whose action is given by an arbitrary function of the Ricci scalar, the matter Lagrangian density, a scalar field, and its kinetic term is investigated as an extension of the gravitational sector including an additional dynamical degree of freedom. Within this framework, the causal structure of rotating cosmological solutions is analyzed by considering Gödel and Gödel-type spacetimes as background geometries used as theoretical probes of the model consistency. Different matter sources are examined, including a perfect fluid and scalar-field configurations. It is found that the standard Gödel metric is not compatible with the scalar sector of the theory unless the model reduces to the General Relativity limit. In contrast, Gödel-type geometries admit a wider class of solutions whose causal properties depend on the model parameters and on the matter content. In particular, perfect-fluid sources may lead to either causal or noncausal configurations, whereas scalar-field configurations constrain the geometry to the causal limit, preventing the formation of closed timelike curves, highlighting that the scalar field plays a nontrivial dynamical role distinct from that of a cosmological constant.

L. Evangelista

M. Silva

J. Moretti

A. Santos

Causality and its violation in $$f(R,\mathcal {L}_m,\phi ,g^{\mu \nu }\nabla _\mu \phi \nabla _\nu \phi )$$ gravity

The novel proposal to invoke the split of the Ricci scalar into bulk and boundary terms in the gravitational action, opens up a new avenue of investigation into stellar dynamics. The Lagrangian contains functional forms of the bulk term while the boundary term do not contribute to the dynamics. The advantage of the proposition is that the stellar structure equations are up to order two, thus the theory is not haunted by ghosts. We obtain explicitly the defining equations for the thermodynamical variables and the geometry for the pure quadratic case, since the linear case amounts to general relativity. In trying to establish the vacuum geometry associated with the theory it turns out that two possible metrics emerge through the vanishing of the energy-momentum tensor. Next, we analyse the isotropy equation and make the observation that it is autonomous. It is rare that this happens in astrophysical modelling. This behaviour prompted the use of dynamical systems to understand the stability properties of fixed points or invariant submanifolds. It was necessary to choose a gauge in order to split the autonomous equation into a system from which we could plot a phase portrait and deduce the stability of solution trajectories. We find that the invariant submanifolds were generally stable with nearby paths approaching them.

Sudan Hansraj

Christian Boehmer

Ndumiso Buthelezi

Dynamical systems approach to stellar modelling in $\textit{f}$($\textit{G}$, $\textit{B}$) gravity

We present quantitative results on the single-mass heavy-flavor contributions in the region of large virtualities <italic>Q</italic> 2 up to three-loop order to the unpolarized structure function <italic>F</italic> <inf>2</inf>( <italic>x, Q</italic> 2) and the polarized structure function <italic>g</italic> <inf>1</inf>( <italic>x, Q</italic> 2) for the first time. These results are relevant for precision QCD analyses of the World deep-inelastic data and the data taken at future colliders, such as the Electron&#8211;Ion Collider, since the scaling violations due to massless and massive Wilson coefficients are significantly different. In order to measure the strong coupling constant <math altimg='si19.svg'><mrow><msub><mi>&#945;</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><msubsup><mi>M</mi><mi>Z</mi><mn>2</mn></msubsup><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math> and the twist-2 parton distribution functions consistently at highest precision, the next-to-next-to-leading order corrections have to be taken into account. We also provide a fast and precise public numerical code for the unpolarized and polarized massive Wilson coefficients in the asymptotic region.

Austria

J. Ablinger

A. Behring

J. Blümlein

A. De Freitas

A. von Manteuffel

C. Schneider

K. Schönwald

The three-loop single-mass heavy-flavor corrections to the structure functions <italic>F</italic> <inf>2</inf>( <italic>x, Q</italic> 2) and <italic>g</italic> <inf>1</inf>( <italic>x, Q</italic> 2)

We study finite-volume (FV) corrections to determinations of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>g</mi><mi>A</mi></msub></math> via lattice quantum chromodynamics (QCD) using analytic results and numerical analysis. We observe that <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>U</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> heavy Baryon chiral perturbation theory does not provide an unambiguous prediction for the sign of the FV correction, which is not surprising when one also considers large-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math> constraints on the axial couplings. We further show that nonmonotonic FV corrections are naturally allowed when one considers either including explicit <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi></math>-resonance degrees of freedom or one works to higher orders in the chiral expansion. We investigate the potential impact of these FV corrections with a precision study of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>g</mi><mi>A</mi></msub></math> using models of FV corrections that are monotonic and nonmonotonic. Using lattice QCD data that is approximately at the 1% level of precision, we do not see significant evidence of nonmonotonic corrections. Looking forward to the next phase of lattice QCD calculations, we estimate that calculations that are between the 0.1% and 1% level of precision may be sensitive to these FV artifacts. Finally, we present an update of the CalLat prediction of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>g</mi><mi>A</mi></msub></math> in the isospin limit with subpercent precision, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msubsup><mi>g</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>QCD</mi></msubsup><mo>=</mo><mn>1.2674</mn><mrow><mo>(</mo><mn>96</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow></mrow></math>.

Zack Hall

Dimitra A. Pefkou

Aaron S. Meyer

Thomas R. Richardson

Raúl A. Briceño

M.A. Clark

Martin Hoferichter

Emanuele Mereghetti

Henry Monge-Camacho

Colin Morningstar

Amy Nicholson

Pavlos Vranas

André Walker-Loud

Signs of nonmonotonic finite-volume corrections to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>g</mi><mi>A</mi></msub></math>

The Standard Model prediction of the muon $$g-2$$ increasingly depends on lattice QCD computations of the hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP), where the isospin-breaking (IB) effects remain a significant source of uncertainty. To complement the lattice QCD evaluations, the data-driven approach to HVP has been used to assess some of the electromagnetic IB effects, in particular from the channels with a photon in the final state, e.g., $$e^+e^-\rightarrow \pi ^0 \gamma $$ . Here we argue that such contributions are largely canceled by virtual electromagnetic corrections to the purely hadronic channels: $$\pi ^+ \pi ^-$$ , $$\pi ^+ \pi ^- \pi ^0$$ , etc. We identify these leading corrections by performing a field-theoretic calculation in a vector-meson dominance model, thereby reconciling the timelike and spacelike approaches to electromagnetic effects. Although these virtual corrections are more difficult to extract in a systematic manner, addressing them is essential for the data-driven method to consistently complement the lattice QCD program.

France

Volodymyr Biloshytskyi

Dominik Erb

Harvey Meyer

Julian Parrino

Vladimir Pascalutsa

Field-theoretic versus data-driven evaluations of electromagnetic corrections to hadronic vacuum polarization in $$(g-2)_\mu $$