Multi-TeV muon colliders offer a powerful means of accessing new physics coupled to muons while generating clean and intense high-energy neutrino beams via muon decays. We study a fixed-target experiment leveraging the neutrino beams and a forward detector pointing at the interaction point of the muon collider. The sensitivity to neutrino self-interactions is analyzed as a feasibility study, focusing on the leptonic scalar <italic>&#981;</italic> exclusively coupled to the Standard Model neutrinos. Our work shows that projections from both the main and forward detectors can enhance the existing limits by two orders of magnitude, surpassing other future experiments.

United States

Hongkai Liu

Israel

Daiki Ueda

Searching for neutrino self-interactions at future muon colliders

The Electron-Ion Collider in China (EicC), a proposed high-luminosity facility with advanced charged particle and photon detection capabilities, provides unique opportunities to uncover new physics beyond the Standard Model. We analyze its sensitivity to dark photons produced through electron bremsstrahlung in coherent scattering. Thanks to its beam energy settings, it has the potential to comprehensively probe the previously unexplored parameter space between the constraints from meson decays and beam dumps below $$ \mathcal{O}(1) $$ GeV with displaced-vertex search. Additionally, the EicC has the potential to probe axion-like particles (ALPs) in the mass range 0$\textit{.}$1 GeV ≲ $\textit{m}$ ≲ 5 GeV, with a coupling reach of Λ ≲ 10 GeV, by combining the prompt-decay and displaced-vertex searches. The projected sensitivities to ALPs exceed the current bounds.

China

Qiyuan Gao

Dan Lin

Teng Ma

Dark photons and axion-like particles at the electron-ion collider in China

We present the first lattice result of the near threshold $ \Lambda_c\Lambda_c $ scattering with $ I(J^P) = 0(0^+) $ . The calculation is performed on two $ N_f = 2+1 $ Wilson-Clover ensembles with pion mass $ m_\pi \sim 303 $ MeV and lattice spacing $ a = 0.07746 $ fm. Lüscher's finite volume method is utilized to extract the scattering parameters from the finite-volume spectrum. The coupled channel $ \Xi_{cc}N $ is ignored in the scattering analysis based on the observation that the energy levels computed from the $ \Lambda_c\Lambda_c $ and $ \Xi_{cc}N $ operators do not mix. The $ \Sigma_c\Sigma_c $ channel is not included either since the energy range explored in this study is well below its threshold. Our results indicate that the interaction in the $ \Lambda_c\Lambda_c $ single channel is repulsive, and the scattering length is determined to be $ a_0 = -0.21(4)(8) $ fm, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic.

Hanyang Xing

Yiqi Geng

Chuan Liu

Liuming Liu

Peng Sun

Jiajun Wu

Zhicheng Yan

Ruilin Zhu

Lattice QCD study of Λ $\textit{c}$ Λ $\textit{c}$ scattering * Supported by NSFC (12293060, 12293061, 12293063, 12175279, 12435002, 12322503, 12175239). L. Liu also acknowledges the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences with (XDB34030301) and Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research (2020B0301030008). We also acknowledge the Science and Education Integration Young Faculty Project of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (YSBR-101)

A Muon (Synchrotron) Ion Collider (MuSIC) can be the successor to the Electron-Ion Collider at Brookhaven National Laboratory, as well as the ideal demonstrator facility for a future multi-TeV Muon Collider. Besides its rich nuclear physics and Standard Model particle physics programs, in this work we show that the MuSIC with a TeV-scale muon beam offers also a unique opportunity to probe New Physics. In particular, the relevant searches have the potential to surpass current experimental limits and explore new regimes of the parameter space for a variety of Beyond the Standard Model scenarios including: lepton-flavor violating leptoquarks, muonphilic vector boson interactions, axion-like particles coupling to photons, and heavy sterile neutrinos. Depending on the particular case, the sensitivity of the searches in the MuSIC may span a wide range of energy scales, namely from sub-GeV particles to the few TeV New Physics mediators. Our analysis demonstrates that the MuSIC can strike a powerful chord in the search for New Physics, thanks to unique combination of features that amplify its capabilities.

Hooman Davoudiasl

Roman Marcarelli

Yotam Soreq

Sokratis Trifinopoulos

New physics at the Muon (Synchrotron) Ion Collider: MuSIC for several scales

High energy collider neutrinos have been observed for the first time by the <math><mi>FASER</mi><mi>ν</mi></math> experiment. The detected spectrum of collider neutrinos scattering off nucleons can be used to probe neutrinophilic mediators with GeV-scale masses. We find that constraints on the pseudoscalar (axial vector) neutrinophilic mediator are close to the scalar (vector) case since they have similar cross section in the neutrino massless limit. We perform an analysis on the measured muon spectra at <math><mi>FASER</mi><mi>ν</mi></math>, and find that the bounds on the vector mediator from the current <math><mi>FASER</mi><mi>ν</mi></math> data are comparable to the existing bounds at <math><msub><mi>m</mi><msup><mi>Z</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></msub><mo>≈</mo><mn>0.2</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></math>. We also study the sensitivities to a neutrinophilic mediator at future Forward Physics Facilities including FLArE and <math><mrow><mi>FASER</mi><mi>ν</mi><mn>2</mn></mrow></math> by using both the missing transverse momentum and the charge identification information. We find that FLArE and <math><mrow><mi>FASER</mi><mi>ν</mi><mn>2</mn></mrow></math> can impose stronger bounds on both the scalar and vector neutrinophilic mediators than the existing bounds. The constraints on the scalar mediator can reach 0.08 (0.1) for <math><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>ϕ</mi></msub><mo>≲</mo><mn>1</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></math> with (without) muon charge identification at <math><mrow><mi>FASER</mi><mi>ν</mi><mn>2</mn></mrow></math>.

Weidong Bai

Jiajun Liao

Constraining neutrinophilic mediators at <math><mrow><mi>FASER</mi><mi>ν</mi></mrow></math>, FLArE, and <math><mrow><mi>FASER</mi><mi>ν</mi><mn>2</mn></mrow></math>

We derive the dimension-8 standard-model effective theory (SMEFT) contact terms relevant for vector-pair production at the LHC and lepton colliders. We first list the relevant dimension-8 massless SMEFT amplitudes, and then obtain the low-energy amplitudes using on-shell Higgsing. In all cases, the contributions we calculate are the leading-order contributions to 4-point contact-terms; the dimension-6 SMEFT merely corrects the three-point couplings entering the amplitudes. Since they are given in terms of physical quantities, namely momenta and polarizations, the results allow for a direct mapping of EFT effects to low-energy observables. The vector amplitudes are sensitive to both anomalous vector couplings and Higgs self-couplings. The left-handed fermion amplitudes feature SU(2) violating effects first generated at dimension-8. We also compare our results to HEFT predictions. Interestingly, the dimension-8 SMEFT populates almost all the novel structures generated by the dimension-8 HEFT.

Jared Goldberg

Yael Shadmi

Dimension-8 SMEFT contact-terms for vector-pair production via on-shell Higgsing

The Electron-Ion Collider (EIC), a forthcoming powerful high-luminosity facility, represents an exciting opportunity to explore new physics. In this article, we study the potential of the EIC to probe the coupling between axion-like particles (ALPs) and photons in coherent scattering. The ALPs can be produced via photon fusion and decay back to two photons inside the EIC detector. In a prompt-decay search, we find that the EIC can set the most stringent bound for m  a  ≲ 20 GeV and probe the effective scales Λ ≲ 105 GeV. In a displaced-vertex search, which requires adopting an EM calorimeter technology that provides directionality, the EIC could probe ALPs with m  a  ≲ 1 GeV at effective scales Λ ≲ 107 GeV. Combining the two search strategies, the EIC can probe a significant portion of unexplored parameter space in the 0.2 &lt; m  a  &lt; 20 GeV mass range.

Reuven Balkin

Or Hen

Wenliang Li

Spain

Mike Williams

Probing axion-like particles at the Electron-Ion Collider

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP04(2023)013

Tao Han

Danny Marfatia

Erratum to: Right-handed Dirac and Majorana neutrinos at Belle II

We present a comprehensive study on how to distinguish the properties of heavy dijet resonances at hadron colliders. A variety of spins, chiral couplings, charges, and QCD color representations are considered. Distinguishing the different color representations is particularly difficult at hadron colliders. To determine the QCD color structure, we consider a third jet radiated in a resonant dijet event. We show that the relative rates of three-jet versus two-jet processes are sensitive to the color representation of the resonance. We also show analytically that the antennae radiation pattern of soft radiation depends on the color structure of dijet events and develops an observable that is sensitive to the antennae patterns. Finally, we exploit a Convolutional Neural Network with Machine Learning techniques to differentiate the radiation patterns from different colored resonances and find encouraging results to discriminate them. We demonstrate our results numerically at a 14 TeV LHC, and the methodology presented here should be applicable to other future hadron colliders.

Ian Lewis

Zhen Liu

Xing Wang

A guide to diagnosing colored resonances at hadron colliders

Most antineutrinos produced in a nuclear reactor have energies below the inverse beta decay threshold and have not yet been detected. We show that a coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering experiment with an ultralow energy threshold like NUCLEUS can measure the flux of reactor neutrinos below 1.8 MeV. Using a regularized unfolding procedure, we find that a meaningful upper bound can be placed on the low energy flux, but the existence of the neutron capture component cannot be established.

How to measure the reactor neutrino flux below the inverse beta decay threshold with <math><mrow><mi>CE</mi><mi>ν</mi><mi>NS</mi></mrow></math>