We calculate the one-loop tension of the domain wall soliton in the $$\phi ^4$$ double-well model. Our result agrees with previous results from Dashen, Hasslacher and Neveu (1974) in 1 + 1d and Jaimunga, Semenoff and Zarembo (1999) in 2 + 1d. After an additional 25 year interval, we have obtained a one-loop tension correction of $$0.0410959m^3$$ in 3 + 1d. In this case, unlike lower-dimensional cases, even after normal ordering there are ultraviolet divergences that require both mass and also coupling constant renormalization. We renormalized the coupling so that the three-point interaction in the effective potential is given by its tree level value at zero external momenta.

China

Jarah Evslin

Armenia

Hui Liu

Baiyang Zhang

The domain wall soliton’s tension

We present the first lattice result of the near threshold $ \Lambda_c\Lambda_c $ scattering with $ I(J^P) = 0(0^+) $ . The calculation is performed on two $ N_f = 2+1 $ Wilson-Clover ensembles with pion mass $ m_\pi \sim 303 $ MeV and lattice spacing $ a = 0.07746 $ fm. Lüscher's finite volume method is utilized to extract the scattering parameters from the finite-volume spectrum. The coupled channel $ \Xi_{cc}N $ is ignored in the scattering analysis based on the observation that the energy levels computed from the $ \Lambda_c\Lambda_c $ and $ \Xi_{cc}N $ operators do not mix. The $ \Sigma_c\Sigma_c $ channel is not included either since the energy range explored in this study is well below its threshold. Our results indicate that the interaction in the $ \Lambda_c\Lambda_c $ single channel is repulsive, and the scattering length is determined to be $ a_0 = -0.21(4)(8) $ fm, where the first error is statistical and the second is systematic.

Hanyang Xing

Yiqi Geng

Chuan Liu

Liuming Liu

Peng Sun

Jiajun Wu

Zhicheng Yan

Ruilin Zhu

Lattice QCD study of Λ $\textit{c}$ Λ $\textit{c}$ scattering * Supported by NSFC (12293060, 12293061, 12293063, 12175279, 12435002, 12322503, 12175239). L. Liu also acknowledges the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences with (XDB34030301) and Guangdong Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research (2020B0301030008). We also acknowledge the Science and Education Integration Young Faculty Project of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (YSBR-101)

In 1+1 dimensions, it is well known that the quantum states corresponding to solitons are well described by coherent states. In his 1975 Erice lectures, Coleman observed that this construction does not extend to higher dimensions, as the coherent states have infinite energy density. He challenged the students to construct the quantum states corresponding to solitons in higher dimensions, a problem which remains unsolved today. However, even in 1+1 dimensions, the correct quantum states are actually given by deformations of coherent states. In the 3+1 dimensional <math altimg='si2.svg'><msup><mrow><mi>&#981;</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></math> double-well model, we show that the leading deformation, which is just a squeeze, already cancels the one-loop divergence in the energy density of the domain wall soliton.

Hengyuan Guo

A finite tension for the <math altimg='si1.svg'><msubsup><mrow><mi>&#981;</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></msubsup></math> domain wall

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is a multi-purpose neutrino experiment under construction in South China. This paper presents an updated estimate of JUNO’s sensitivity to neutrino mass ordering using the reactor antineutrinos emitted from eight nuclear reactor cores in the Taishan and Yangjiang nuclear power plants. This measurement is planned by studying the fine interference pattern caused by quasi-vacuum oscillations in the oscillated antineutrino spectrum at a baseline of 52.5 km and is completely independent of the CP violating phase and neutrino mixing angle θ $_{23}$. The sensitivity is obtained through a joint analysis of JUNO and Taishan Antineutrino Observatory (TAO) detectors utilizing the best available knowledge to date about the location and overburden of the JUNO experimental site, local and global nuclear reactors, JUNO and TAO detector responses, expected event rates and spectra of signals and backgrounds, and systematic uncertainties of analysis inputs. We find that a 3σ median sensitivity to reject the wrong mass ordering hypothesis can be reached with an exposure of about 6.5 years × 26.6 GW thermal power.

Chile

Angel Abusleme

France

Thomas Adam

Pakistan

Shakeel Ahmad

Rizwan Ahmed

Italy

Sebastiano Aiello

Muhammad Akram

Abid Aleem

Fengpeng An

Qi An

Giuseppe Andronico

JINR

Nikolay Anfimov

Vito Antonelli

Tatiana Antoshkina

Thailand

Burin Asavapibhop

João Pedro Athayde Marcondes de André

Didier Auguste

Weidong Bai

Nikita Balashov

Wander Baldini

Andrea Barresi

Davide Basilico

Eric Baussan

Marco Bellato

Marco Beretta

Antonio Bergnoli

Germany

Daniel Bick

Lukas Bieger

Svetlana Biktemerova

Thilo Birkenfeld

Iwan Morton-Blake

David Blum

Simon Blyth

Anastasia Bolshakova

Mathieu Bongrand

Taiwan

Clément Bordereau

Dominique Breton

Augusto Brigatti

Riccardo Brugnera

Riccardo Bruno

Antonio Budano

Jose Busto

Anatael Cabrera

Barbara Caccianiga

Hao Cai

Xiao Cai

Yanke Cai

Zhiyan Cai

Stéphane Callier

Antonio Cammi

Agustin Campeny

Chuanya Cao

Guofu Cao

Jun Cao

Rossella Caruso

Cédric Cerna

Vanessa Cerrone

Chi Chan

Jinfan Chang

Yun Chang

Auttakit Chatrabhuti

Chao Chen

Guoming Chen

Pingping Chen

Shaomin Chen

Yixue Chen

Yu Chen

Zhangming Chen

Zhiyuan Chen

Zikang Chen

Jie Cheng

Yaping Cheng

Yu Chin Cheng

Russia

Alexander Chepurnov

Alexey Chetverikov

Davide Chiesa

Brazil

Pietro Chimenti

Yen-Ting Chin

Ziliang Chu

Artem Chukanov

Gérard Claverie

Catia Clementi

Belgium

Barbara Clerbaux

Marta Colomer Molla

Selma Conforti DiLorenzo

Alberto Coppi

Daniele Corti

Simon Csakli

Flavio Dal Corso

United States

Olivia Dalager

Jaydeep Datta

Christophe De La Taille

Zhi Deng

Ziyan Deng

Xiaoyu Ding

Xuefeng Ding

Yayun Ding

Bayu Dirgantara

Carsten Dittrich

Sergey Dmitrievsky

Czechia

Tadeas Dohnal

Potential to identify neutrino mass ordering with reactor antineutrinos at JUNO  

In a general (2+1)-dimensional scalar model, we consider the scattering of a single quantum of radiation off a domain wall string, which excites or de-excites the wall’s internal shape mode. We refer to these two process as Stokes and anti-Stokes scattering. We calculate the probability densities for these processes to first order in quantum field theory, as a function of incoming momenta and angles. We include both the case in which the incident particle is transmitted and also that in which it bounces backward. Our results are given as finite-dimensional integrals of normal modes and elementary functions, and numerical results are presented in the particular case of the double-well model.

(Anti-)Stokes scattering on the domain wall string

We investigate the phase transition within an extremely strong magnetic background field, employing a holographic quantum chromodynamics (QCD) model with a focus on the entropy, pressure, and Polyakov loop properties. At relatively modest magnetic field strengths, our study discerns a crossover transition between the normal phase and the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) phase as the temperature rises. In contrast, under the influence of an extremely strong magnetic field, a first-order phase transition is observed. A critical point is identified at <math><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>e</mi><msub><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo><mo>≈</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>2.8623</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mrow><mi>GeV</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>,</mo><mn>0.1191</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math>, which corresponds to a second-order phase transition. This phase structure is found to be in qualitative agreement with lattice simulation predictions reported in D’Elia et al. [Phys. Rev. D 105, 034511 (2022)]. Furthermore, we explore the impact of the magnetic field on the jet quenching parameter across various phases. At zero magnetic field (<math><mi>e</mi><mi>B</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></math>), the normalized jet quenching parameter <math><mover><mi>q</mi><mo>^</mo></mover><mo>/</mo><msup><mi>T</mi><mn>3</mn></msup></math> exhibits a monotonic increase with temperature. However, in the presence of a magnetic background field, the normalized jet quenching parameters not only display directional anisotropy but also experience a universal enhancement, particularly in the vicinity of the critical temperature region. This observation suggests that the jet quenching parameter could potentially act as an indicator of phase transitions.

Xuanmin Cao

Impact of the phase transition on quark-gluon plasma with an extremely strong magnetic field in holographic QCD

Classically, reflectionless kinks transmit all incident radiation. Recently, we have used an analyticity argument together with a solution of the Lippmann-Schwinger equation to write down the leading quantum correction to the reflection probability. The argument was fast, but rather indirect. In the present paper, we calculate the reflection coefficient and probability by methodically grinding through the Schrödinger picture time evolution. We find the same answer. This answer contains contributions not considered in the traditional calculation of meson-kink scattering in 1991. However, as a result of these contributions, our total result is zero in the case of the Sine-Gordon model, and so it is consistent with integrability.

Poland

Reflection coefficient of a reflectionless kink

We investigate chiral phase transitions and the screening masses, pole masses, and thermal widths of neutral pion mesons with finite temperature <math><mi>T</mi></math> and magnetic field <math><mi>B</mi></math> in a lattice-improved <math><mrow><mi>AdS</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>QCD</mi></mrow></math> model, which is constructed by fitting the lattice results of the pseudocritical temperatures <math><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>pc</mi></msub><mo>(</mo><mi>B</mi><mo>)</mo></math>. Specifically, we find that the chiral condensate <math><mi>σ</mi></math> undergoes a crossover phase transition demonstrating distinct magnetic catalysis and inverse magnetic catalysis effects in very low- and high-temperature regions with fixed finite <math><mi>B</mi></math>, respectively. For the screening masses, we find that the longitudinal component decreases with <math><mi>B</mi></math> at very low and high temperatures and increases with <math><mi>B</mi></math> near <math><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>pc</mi></msub></math>. The transverse component always increases with <math><mi>B</mi></math> at fixed <math><mi>T</mi></math>. However, both the longitudinal and transverse screening masses increase with <math><mi>T</mi></math> at fixed <math><mi>B</mi></math>. Furthermore, we find that the pole mass decreases with the increase of <math><mi>B</mi></math> or <math><mi>T</mi></math>. It is interesting to note that the thermal width shows similar behavior to the longitudinal screening masses in the very-high-temperature region.

Nanxiang Wen

Jingyi Chao

Neutral pion masses within a hot and magnetized medium in a lattice-improved soft-wall <math><mrow><mi>AdS</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>QCD</mi></mrow></math> model

In classical field theory, radiation does not reflect off of reflectionless kinks. In quantum field theory, radiation quanta, called mesons, can be reflected. We provide a general analytical formula for the leading order amplitude and probability for the elastic scattering of mesons off of reflectionless quantum kinks. In the case of the Sine-Gordon model we verify that, due to a cancellation of six contributing processes, our general formula yields an amplitude of zero, as is required by integrability.

Elastic Kink-Meson scattering

The properties of the pion quasiparticle in hot and dense isospin medium, including the screening mass, pole mass, and thermal width, as well as their relationships with the pion superfluid phase transition, are investigated in the framework of two-flavor (<math><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>f</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn></math>) soft-wall <math><mrow><mi>AdS</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>QCD</mi></mrow></math> models. We extract the screening mass of the pion from the pole of the spatial two-point retarded correlation function. The screening masses of both neutral and charged pions increase monotonously with the increasing of temperature. However, the isospin chemical potential <math><msub><mi>μ</mi><mi>I</mi></msub></math> would depress the screening masses of the charged pions, <math><msub><mi>m</mi><mrow><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><mo>,</mo><mi>scr</mi></mrow></msub></math>. With the increasing of <math><msub><mi>μ</mi><mi>I</mi></msub></math>, <math><msub><mi>m</mi><mrow><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><mo>,</mo><mi>scr</mi></mrow></msub></math> monotonically decrease to zero on the boundary between the normal phase and the pion superfluid phase, while the screening mass of the neutral pion, <math><msub><mi>m</mi><mrow><msup><mi>π</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo>,</mo><mi>scr</mi></mrow></msub></math>, remains almost unchanged. We also extracted the pole mass <math><msub><mi>m</mi><mrow><mi>pole</mi></mrow></msub></math> and thermal width <math><mi>Γ</mi></math> of the pion from the pole of temporal two-point retarded correlation function, i.e., the corresponding quasinormal frequencies, <math><mi>ω</mi><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>m</mi><mrow><mi>pole</mi></mrow></msub><mo>−</mo><mi>i</mi><mi>Γ</mi><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></math>. The pole masses of the three modes (<math><msup><mi>π</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo>,</mo><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo>,</mo><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></math>) are splitting at finite <math><msub><mi>μ</mi><mi>I</mi></msub></math>. The thermal widths of the three modes increase with temperature. Furthermore, the pole mass and thermal width of <math><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></math> decrease almost monotonically with the increasing of <math><msub><mi>μ</mi><mi>I</mi></msub></math>, reaching zero at <math><msub><mi>μ</mi><mi>I</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msubsup><mi>μ</mi><mi>I</mi><mi>c</mi></msubsup></math>, simultaneously. It indicates that <math><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></math> becomes a massless Goldstone boson as a result of the pion superfluid phase transition.

Weijian Liang

Danning Li

Pion quasiparticles in isospin medium from holography