In the present work, the strong decays of the discovered $ P_c(4380) $ , $ P_c(4440) $ , $ P_c(4457) $ and their possible isospin cousins are systematically studied via the assignment that they are meson-baryon molecular states. In detail, the strong decay constants and partial decay widths of their decay channels are calculated under the framework of QCD sum rules. The decay widths of the discovered $ P_c(4380) $ , $ P_c(4440) $ , and $ P_c(4457) $ are in good agreement with the experiments. The predictions of the decays of these three related possible isospin cousins are presented, which would shed light on their findings in experiments. In return, this may testify to the assignments of the discovered $ P_c $ states.

China

Xiu-Wu Wang

Xin Li

Zhi-Gang Wang

Systematic study of the strong decays of the $\textit{P}$ $\textit{c}$ states and their possible isospin cousins via the QCD sum rules * Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12575083) and the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (A2024502002)

Jet modification in heavy-ion collisions provides microscopic access to the properties of the quark-gluon plasma. However, conventional approaches based on traditional global observables, such as <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>R</mi><mrow><mi>A</mi><mi>A</mi></mrow></msub></math>, capture limited information about the complex dynamics of parton-medium interactions during hard scatterings. In this work, we apply sequential machine-learning architectures to the jet declustering history tree, achieving improved classification performance compared with static models that learn only from a single stage of the jet evolution. We find that models trained on different medium implementations exhibit meaningful performance modification under cross-domain validation, indicating that machine learning is sensitive to implementation-specific features that traditional observables may not resolve. These results suggest new opportunities for using machine learning as an analysis tool to overcome some of the limitations of traditional jet-modification studies.

Brazil

Leonardo Lima da Silva

Marcelo Gameiro Munhoz

Jet quenching identification via supervised learning in simulated heavy-ion collisions

Based on a novel method for producing antineutrons via <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></math> decays, we report a study of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mover accent="true"><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>p</mi></math> inelastic scattering into final states containing kaons. The analysis uses <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>10</mn><mtext> </mtext><mn>087</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>44</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></mrow></math> events collected at the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII storage ring. Antineutrons are produced via <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>p</mi><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mover accent="true"><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math> decays and tagged by the detected protons and pions, resulting in antineutron momenta ranging from 0 to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>1174</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>MeV</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>c</mi></mrow></math>, while target protons are provided by the hydrogen in the beam-pipe material. The flux-averaged cross sections of the reactions <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mover accent="true"><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mover accent="true"><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mn>0</mn></msup></math> over this antineutron momentum spectrum are measured to be <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mn>0.53</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>0.12</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>0.15</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>±</mo><mn>0.08</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>mb</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mn>1.09</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>0.30</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>0.36</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>±</mo><mn>0.31</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>mb</mi></math>, respectively, where the first uncertainties are statistical and the second are systematic. Due to limited statistics, the contributions of intermediate states remain speculative. The observation of clean antineutron-proton scattering candidates indicates the potential of this approach for future investigations of antineutron-proton interactions.

M. Ablikim

Russia

M.N. Achasov

Sweden

P. Adlarson

X.C. Ai

Italy

C.S. Akondi

Germany

R. Aliberti

A. Amoroso

Q. An

Y.H. An

Y. Bai

JINR

O. Bakina

Y. Ban

H.R. Bao

X.L. Bao

Poland

V. Batozskaya

Mongolia

K. Begzsuren

N. Berger

M. Berlowski

M.B. Bertani

D. Bettoni

F. Bianchi

E. Bianco

A. Bortone

I. Boyko

United States

R.A. Briere

A. Brueggemann

D. Cabiati

H. Cai

M.H. Cai

X. Cai

A. Calcaterra

G.F. Cao

N. Cao

Türkiye

S.A. Cetin

X.Y. Chai

J.F. Chang

T.T. Chang

G.R. Che

Y.Z. Che

C.H. Chen

Chao Chen

G. Chen

H.S. Chen

H.Y. Chen

M.L. Chen

S.J. Chen

S.M. Chen

T. Chen

W. Chen

X.R. Chen

X.T. Chen

X.Y. Chen

Y.B. Chen

Y.Q. Chen

Z.K. Chen

J. Cheng

L.N. Cheng

South Korea

S.K. Choi

X. Chu

G. Cibinetto

F. Cossio

United Kingdom

J. Cottee-Meldrum

H.L. Dai

J.P. Dai

X.C. Dai

A. Dbeyssi

R.E. de Boer

D. Dedovich

C.Q. Deng

Z.Y. Deng

A. Denig

I. Denisenko

M. Destefanis

F. De Mori

X.X. Ding

Y. Ding

Y.X. Ding

Yi. Ding

J. Dong

L.Y. Dong

M.Y. Dong

X. Dong

M.C. Du

S.X. Du

Shaoxu Du

X.L. Du

Y.Q. Du

Y.Y. Duan

Z.H. Duan

P. Egorov

G.F. Fan

J.J. Fan

Y.H. Fan

J. Fang

Jin Fang

S.S. Fang

W.X. Fang

Y.Q. Fang

L. Fava

F. Feldbauer

Cross-section measurements of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mover accent="true"><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>π</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> via antineutrons produced by <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>p</mi><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mover accent="true"><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math> decays

In this paper, pair production of standard model (SM)-like Higgs bosons, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>h</mi><mi>h</mi></math>, is studied through <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>γ</mi><mi>γ</mi></math> scattering at future electron-positron colliders, in the framework of the inert doublet model with two active doublets—i.e., the I(<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math>)HDM for short. The relevance of the process <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>γ</mi><mi>γ</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>h</mi><mi>h</mi></math> for such a beyond-the-SM (BSM) scenario stems from the fact that it is a one-loop process at lowest order, wherein inert charged states <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>χ</mi><mo>±</mo></msup></math> contribute alongside <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>W</mi><mo>±</mo></msup></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>±</mo></msup></math>, and heavy fermions (primarily, bottom and top quarks), crucially, at the same perturbative order. Given that <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>χ</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><mo>/</mo><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>±</mo></msup></math> masses and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>h</mi><msup><mi>S</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>S</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></math> (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>S</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><mo>=</mo><msup><mi>χ</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><mo>,</mo><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>±</mo></msup></math>) couplings are very mildly constrained, there exist regions of the parameter space of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mi>HDM</mi></math> where the former can be rather light and the latter rather large. After imposing up-to-date theoretical and experimental constraints on the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mi>HDM</mi></math>, it is found that the production rates of such processes at future <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>γ</mi><mi>γ</mi></math> machines can be enhanced by up to a factor of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>≈</mo><mn>50</mn></math> with respect to the SM, significantly exceeding typical yields of conventional two-Higgs-doublet models (2HDMs). Further, thanks to the level of control that one can attain at such facilities on the photon kinematics, leading to excellent invariant mass resolution of the incoming photon pairs, we show how it is possible to extract from this process the value of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>χ</mi><mo>±</mo></msup></math> mass (along with those of the active <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>±</mo></msup></math> states) with high precision, and whichever of the decays of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>h</mi><mi>h</mi></math> pair, both with and without beam polarization.

France

Morocco

Abdesslam Arhrib

Ayoub Hmissou

Stefano Moretti

Larbi Rahili

Probing standard-model-like di-Higgs production at photon-photon colliders in the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">I</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mi>HDM</mi></mrow></math> type-I

The findings on the spin polarization of Λ, Ξ, and Ω hyperons and spin alignment of <italic>K</italic> &#8270;0, <italic>&#981;</italic>, and <math altimg='si8.svg'><msup><mi>D</mi><mrow><mo>*</mo><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math> mesons in relativistic heavy-ion collision experiments at the RHIC and LHC facilities propose the emergence of a strong vorticity field produced in these collisions. Contemplating the potential impact of vorticity on the space-time evolution of deconfined QCD matter and its freeze-out properties, we aim to investigate its characteristics within the medium. We introduce a complementary and data-driven approach to quantify the global vorticity field by extracting it directly from the transverse momentum spectra of produced hadrons. Employing the experimental data for &#923;, &#926;, &#937;, <italic>K</italic> &#8270;0, <italic>K</italic> *&#8239;&#177;&#8239;, <italic>&#981;, &#961;</italic>, and <math altimg='si8.svg'><msup><mi>D</mi><mrow><mo>*</mo><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math> at mid-rapidity in Au+Au and Pb+Pb collisions over a wide range of beam energies, <math altimg='si9.svg'><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant='normal'>N</mi></mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>=</mo><mn>7.7</mn></mrow></math> GeV-5.02 TeV, and centrality classes, we systematically examine spin-vorticity coupling in the medium. Our finding on the magnitude of the extracted vorticity is consistent with values deduced from &#923; and <math altimg='si1.svg'><mover accent='true'><mstyle mathvariant='normal'><mi>&#923;</mi></mstyle><mo>&#175;</mo></mover></math> polarization measurements using statistical thermal models under the non-relativistic limit. Notably, we observe a prominent particle-species dependence of the vorticity, as well as a non-trivial variation with collision centrality and beam energy. These results indicate that vorticity-driven spin phenomena are sensitive to hadron structure and freeze-out dynamics, providing new constraints on the rotational properties of the QCD matter.

India

Bhagyarathi Sahoo

Captain R. Singh

Raghunath Sahoo

Probing rotational dynamics of quark gluon plasma via global vorticity

Gluon fusion, $\textit{gg}$ → $\textit{HH}$, is the dominant Higgs-pair production process at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and provides the first direct access to the trilinear Higgs self-interaction. The process is loop-induced, with the main contribution emerging from top-quark loops within the Standard Model. In the past, the QCD corrections have been calculated and found to increase the cross section significantly. With the anticipated accuracies achievable at the high-luminosity LHC (HL–LHC), the theoretical uncertainties will be of increased relevance to compete with the experimental precision at the level of less than 30%. In this work, we take the next steps towards the determination of the complete electroweak corrections at next-to-leading order by calculating the full top-Yukawa and light-quark induced corrections. These corrections modify the cross section moderately in the kinematical regimes of interest.

Spain

Arunima Bhattacharya

Francisco Campanario

Sauro Carlotti

Switzerland

Jamie Chang

Javier Mazzitelli

Milada Mühlleitner

Jonathan Ronca

Michael Spira

Higgs-pair production via gluon fusion: top-Yukawa-and light-quark-induced electroweak corrections

We study a minimally extended version of the Standard Model where baryon number is gauged with a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>U</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mi>B</mi></msub></math> symmetry. This model can be made anomaly-free by adding a set of additional fermions. The lightest component of these fermions behaves as a viable dark matter candidate. We show that the spontaneous breaking of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>U</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mi>B</mi></msub></math> symmetry can produce gravitational waves via bubble dynamics resulting from a first-order phase transition, which can be detected in future gravitational wave experiments like LISA and ET. Such gravitational wave signatures can be used as a probe to constrain the model in future observations and complement dark matter and collider searches. We perform a random numerical scan of the parameter space and derive the viable region consistent with theoretical bounds from running of the coupling constants, current experimental bounds from dark matter experiments such as LUX-ZEPLIN and XENONnT and sensitive to future gravitational wave experiments. We find that dark matter with mass of 8–12 TeV is the most interesting to test in future gravitational wave as well as laboratory experiments. In the viable parameter space, the mass of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>Z</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></math> gauge boson associated with the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>U</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mi>B</mi></msub></math> lies in the 16–24 TeV range, and the mass of the scalar associated with the symmetry breaking lies around 1–2.5 TeV scale. Recent results from LUX-ZEPLIN rules out mass scales below TeV in this model, while dark matter with mass larger than 12 TeV will not be sensitive to future GW experiments. Hence, the dark matter and mediator mass scales of interest are marginally accessible at current collider energies.

 Taramati

Lekhika Malhotra

Zafri A. Borboruah

Sudhanwa Patra

Probing leptophobic dark sectors via gravitational wave signatures

We present a rigorous theoretical and observational analysis of the Hybrid <italic>f</italic>( <italic>Q</italic>) class of models by including the late-time modifying 1/ <italic>Q</italic> term. After deriving strict viability conditions from the analytical expansion history, we show that preserving early-universe structure formation dictates that the linear coupling be exactly unity. This fixes the background of the Hybrid model into a geometric degeneracy with &#923;CDM which is confirmed explicitly through MCMC analysis with the latest background-only probes. The physical novelty of this model is manifest in the perturbation sector, where the geometric coupling breaks the background degeneracy and induces a late-time suppression of the effective gravitational constant <italic>G<inf>eff</inf></italic>&#8239;&lt;&#8239; <italic>G<inf>N</inf></italic>. Consequently, the inclusion of RSD data reveals an amplitude compensation mechanism, by which the matching of the signature <italic>f&#963;</italic> <inf>8</inf> of the data causes the clustering amplitude <italic>&#963;</italic> <inf>8</inf> to inflate under weaker gravity. Statistical model comparison through AIC/DIC demonstrates that incorporating growth data yields a moderate to weak preference for the Hybrid model keeping the background cosmology intact. This provides a physically bounded alternative to &#923;CDM with a falsifiable signature in the large scale structure, directly testable by the next generation of galaxy surveys.

Ameya Kolhatkar

P.K. Sahoo

Beyond the cosmological constant: Breaking the geometric degeneracy of <italic>f</italic>( <italic>Q</italic>) cosmology via redshift-space distortions

We investigate the holographic mixed-state entanglement measures in the Einstein–Maxwell-Scalar (EMS) theory. Several quantities are computed, including the holographic entanglement entropy (HEE), mutual information (MI), entanglement wedge cross-section (EWCS), and butterfly velocity ( $$v_B$$ ). Our findings demonstrate that these measures can effectively diagnose phase transitions. Notably, EWCS and MI, as mixed-state entanglement measures, exhibit behavior opposite to that of the HEE. Additionally, we study the butterfly velocity, a dynamic quantum information measure, and observe that it behaves differently from the static quantum information measures. We analyze the butterfly velocity and find that its non-monotonic behavior arises from the competition between two contributions in its expression, which the analytic structure suggests may be correlated with distinct physical interpretations. Moreover, we examine the scaling behavior of the holographic entanglement measures and find that all the critical exponents are equal to 1, which is twice that of the scalar field. We also explore the inequality between EWCS and MI, noting that the growth rate of MI consistently exceeds that of EWCS during phase transitions. These features are expected to be universal across thermodynamic phase transitions, with the inequalities becoming more significant as one moves away from the critical point.

Zhe Yang

GuangZai Ye

Jian-Pin Wu

Peng Liu

Diagnosing critical behavior in AdS Einstein–Maxwell-scalar theory via holographic entanglement measures

We explore the connection between black hole shadows, thermodynamic phase structure, and microstructure of charged and rotating black holes within General Relativity and Geometrothermodynamics. Focusing on Reissner–Nordström and Kerr solutions, we establish a criterion to select the most suitable Geometrothermodynamic metric for a system, revealing that the first metric from enthalpy and the second from mass correctly reproduce heat capacity singularities. We show that the shadow radius encodes the same phase information as entropy and introduce shadow–microstructure diagrams to extract insights into stability and microscopic interaction types directly from observational bounds. Applying this framework to Sagittarius A*, we constrain the macroscopic parameters and the allowed microscopic thermodynamic phases. Our findings indicate that shadow measurements offer a novel probe of thermodynamic and microscopic aspects of black holes, enabling tests of alternative theories of gravity and thermodynamic frameworks.

Mexico

Jose Ladino

Carlos Romero-Figueroa

Kazakhstan

Hernando Quevedo

Probing black hole thermodynamics and microstructure via the shadow of Sagittarius $$A^{*}$$