We investigate the quasinormal modes (QNMs) and greybody factors of dilaton–Euler–Heisenberg (dEH) de Sitter (dS) black holes in string-inspired Euler–Heisenberg gravity. Since the axial gravitational and electromagnetic perturbations decouple, we analyze them independently. By applying the asymptotic iteration method (AIM) together with a sixth-order WKB approximation, we compute the quasinormal frequencies and find excellent agreement between the two methods. We also find that the QNM spectra depend sensitively on the magnetic charge $Q_{\text{m}}$ , cosmological constant Λ, and nonlinear coupling $\epsilon$ , with a notable topological anomaly appearing in the electromagnetic frequency trajectories. Additionally, larger values of $Q_{\text{m}}$ or the multipole number $\textit{l}$ generally suppress wave transmission, while the electromagnetic sector with $\epsilon=1$ exhibits an anomalous response.

Ming Zhang

Guo-Xin Chen

China

Xufen Zhang

Cheng-Fu Feng

Sheng-Yuan Li

Rui-Hong Yue

De-Cheng Zou

Quasinormal frequencies and greybody factors for axial perturbations of dilaton–Euler–Heisenberg de Sitter black holes * This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC) (12365009), the Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province (2026JC-YBMS-0083), and the Jiangxi Provincial Natural Science Foundation (20262BAC240347)

The Standard Model of particle physics, although remarkably successful, leaves several major questions unanswered, continuing to motivate searches for new phenomena. Multiboson interactions involving the Higgs boson are of particular interest as probes of the electroweak Lagrangian, where potential new physics may reside. In this work, we present a study of the associated production of a $\textit{W}$ boson, a Higgs boson, and a photon in proton-proton collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). Monte Carlo simulations are performed to model both the signal and background processes, and detector effects are included according to CMS specifications. Boosted decision trees are employed to optimize the event selection and enhance signal–background discrimination. We estimate that, with an integrated luminosity of 440 fb$^{−1}$, the expected significance for the $WH\gamma$ process is 0.63$\textit{σ}$, increasing to a projected 1.64$\textit{σ}$ at the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC).

Youpeng Wu

United Kingdom

Jie Xiao

Andrew Michael Levin

Qiang Li

Prospects for studying the $\textit{WHγ}$ process in $\textit{pp}$ collisions at the LHC * Supported in part by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12325504, 12061141002)

We study the isospin-violating $J/\psi \to \Lambda\bar \Sigma^0 \eta $ reaction, recently measured by the BESIII collaboration, by considering the dominant terms involving $\bar \Sigma^0$ and pairs of pseudoscalar-baryon particles that together form an $\textit{SU}$(3) singlet and can therefore couple to the $J/\psi$ . We then allow these pairs to undergo final-state interaction to produce the final $\eta \Lambda$ . We find that the relevant original channels are $\bar K N$ and $K \Xi$ , and that the incomplete cancellation of terms involving charged and neutral particles, owing to their different masses, is responsible for the reaction. With this mechanism, we find good agreement with the three experimental mass distributions.

Spain

Lian-Rong Dai

Wen-Tao Lyu

E. Oset

Study of the $ {{\boldsymbol J}/\boldsymbol\psi\bf\to \boldsymbol\Lambda\bar{\boldsymbol\Sigma}^{\bf 0}\boldsymbol\eta}$ reaction * This work is partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12575082). This work is partly supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2024YFE0105200), the Natural Science Foundation of Henan (252300423951), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12475086), and the Zhengzhou University Young Student Basic Research Projects for PhD students (ZDBJ202522). This work is also partly supported by the Spanish Ministerio de Economia y Competitividad (MINECO) and European FEDER funds (FIS2017-84038-C2-1-PB, PID2020-112777GB-I00), and Generalitat Valenciana (PROMETEO/2020/023). This project has received funding from the European Union Horizon 2020 research and innovation program (H2020-INFRAIA-2018-1, 824093 of the STRONG-2020 project)

In recent years, long-lived particles (LLPs) have attracted increasing attention in searches for physics beyond the Standard Model (SM). In this paper, we investigate the discovery prospects for light, long-lived ALPs predicted by the photophobic ALP scenario through displaced-vertex signals at the CEPC, with a center-of-mass energy of $ \sqrt{s}=91.2 $ GeV and an integrated luminosity of $ {\cal{L}}= $ 100 ab$^{−1}$. After comparing several possible single-production processes for the photophobic ALP, we focus on the dominant process $ e^+ e^- \to Z \to a \gamma $ , in which the ALP $\textit{a}$ subsequently decays into a pair of charged leptons at a displaced vertex. Dedicated Monte Carlo simulations are performed for the $ \mu^+ \mu^- \gamma $ and $ \tau_h^+ \tau_h^- \not{E}_T \gamma $ signals. For the $ \mu^+\mu^-\gamma $ signal, the CEPC is sensitive to the parameter region $ g_{aWW} \in [1.27\times10^{-3},6.80\times10^{-1}]\; {\rm{TeV}}^{-1} $ for $ m_a \in [1,4]\; {\rm{GeV}} $ . For the $ \tau_h^+\tau_h^-\not{E}_T\gamma $ signal, the accessible region is $ g_{aWW} \in [7.00\times10^{-4},9.40\times10^{-3}]\; {\rm{TeV}}^{-1} $ for $ m_a \in [4,9]\; {\rm{GeV}} $ . These results demonstrate the substantial potential of the CEPC to explore light, long-lived ALPs through displaced-vertex signals, providing complementary coverage to existing searches at LEP and the LHC, as well as to the projected reach of the HL-LHC.

Chong-Xing Yue

Xin-Yang Li

Prospects for probing light photophobic axion-like particles via displaced vertex signals at the CEPC * This work was partially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12575106) and the Cultivation Fund of Liaoning Normal University for Excellent Doctoral Dissertations (YJSYB202501)

We demonstrate that mass inequalities for hadrons containing one or more heavy quarks arise primarily from the concavity of binding energies in the quark model, reflecting short-range Coulombic interactions and long-range confinement. Empirical two-body bindings $ B_{i\bar{j}} $ are extracted from spin-averaged meson masses, ensuring model independence and direct use of experimental data. Fitting these quantities as functions of the reduced mass $ \mu_{ij} $ reveals a critical confinement scale of 1.34 fm, at which the bindings become positive. The concavity of $ B(1/\mu) $ motivates Jensen-like relations under flavor permutation, reproducing relations such as $ m_{x\bar{y}} \gt \dfrac{1}{2}(m_{x\bar{x}} + m_{y\bar{y}}) $ and the baryon analog $ m_{xyz} \gt \dfrac{1}{3}(m_{xxx} + m_{yyy} + m_{zzz}) $ . Hadron mass decomposition validates $ \Delta M_{ \rm{EXP}} \approx \Delta B + \Delta C $ with $ \sigma \sim 2.07 $ MeV for mesons and baryons. Using this decomposition, we obtain approximate mass estimates for unobserved heavy baryons (e.g., $ M(\Omega_{b}^{\ast})\approx 6076.6\, $ MeV, $ M(\Xi_{cc}^{\ast})\approx 3703.6\, $ MeV, and $ M(\Omega_{cc}^{\ast})\approx 3802.4\, $ MeV) and identify favored quark-exchange scattering channels. The present analysis is phenomenological and does not constitute a rigorous three-body derivation.

Wen-Xuan Zhang

Wen-Nian Liu

Duojie Jia

Mass relations in heavy hadrons from Jensen-like inequalities * Duojie Jia is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12165017)

India

Biplob Bhattacherjee

Abhinav Kumar

Swagata Mukherjee

Germany

Rhitaja Sengupta

Anand Sharma

Corrigendum to “From obstacle to opportunity: uncovering the silver lining of pileup” [Phys. Lett. B 873 (2026) 140121]

The first evidence of electroweak (EW) production of pairs of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi></math> bosons in association with two jets (jj) in the final state <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>Z</mi><mi>Z</mi><mi>jj</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>ℓ</mo><mi>ν</mi><mi>ν</mi><mi>jj</mi></mrow></math>, where <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>e</mi></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow></math>, is reported by the CMS experiment. The analysis is based on a data sample of proton-proton (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></math>) collisions at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msqrt><mi>s</mi></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>13</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>TeV</mi></math>, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>138</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mi>fb</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math>. Events are selected by requiring exactly two leptons of same flavor and opposite charge, large missing transverse momentum, and two jets with a large rapidity separation and large invariant mass. The EW production cross section in a fiducial volume is <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>σ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>EW</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>Z</mi><mi>Z</mi><mi>jj</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>ℓ</mo><mi>ν</mi><mi>ν</mi><mi>jj</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mspace linebreak="goodbreak"></mspace><mn>0.3</mn><msubsup><mrow><mn>7</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>0.12</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>0.14</mn></mrow></msubsup><msubsup><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>stat</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>0.06</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>0.06</mn></mrow></msubsup><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>syst</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>fb</mi></mrow></math>, in agreement with the standard model prediction of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>0.39</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.06</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>fb</mi></math>. The observed (expected) significance of the signal is 3.1 (2.8) standard deviations. Limits on anomalous quartic gauge couplings are derived in terms of dimension-8 effective field theory operators. A combination with the previously reported result from the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi><mi>Z</mi></math> decay channel with four charged leptons yields an observed (expected) significance of 5.0 (4.5) standard deviations for the EW production of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi></math> boson pairs.

Armenia

A. Gevorgyan

A. Hayrapetyan

V. Makarenko

A. Tumasyan

Austria

W. Adam

L. Benato

T. Bergauer

M. Dragicevic

S. Gundacker

A.K. Guven

P.S. Hussain

M. Jeitler

N. Krammer

A. Li

D. Liko

M. Matthewman

J. Schieck

R. Schöfbeck

M. Shooshtari

M. Sonawane

N. Van Den Bossche

W. Waltenberger

C.E. Wulz

Belgium

T. Janssen

D. Ocampo Henao

T. Van Laer

P. Van Mechelen

D. Ahmadi

J. Bierkens

N. Breugelmans

S. Dansana

A. De Moor

M. Delcourt

S. Duponcheel

C. Gupta

F. Heyen

Y. Hong

K. Kang

P. Kashko

S. Lowette

I. Makarenko

S. Nandakumar

S. Tavernier

M. Tytgat

G.P. Van Onsem

S. Van Putte

T. Wybouw

A. Beshr

B. Bilin

F. Caviglia Roman

B. Clerbaux

A.K. Das

I. De Bruyn

G. De Lentdecker

E. Ducarme

H. Evard

L. Favart

I. Kalaitzidou

A. Khalilzadeh

A. Malara

A. Potrebko

M.A. Shahzad

L. Thomas

M. Vanden Bemden

C. Vander Velde

P. Vanlaer

C. Yuan

F. Zhang

A. Cauwels

M. De Coen

D. Dobur

C. Giordano

G. Gokbulut

K. Kaspar

D. Kavtaradze

D. Marckx

A. Mehta

K. Skovpen

A.M. Tomaru

J. van der Linden

J. Vandenbroeck

H. Aarup Petersen

A. Benecke

A. Bethani

G. Bruno

A. Cappati

J. De Favereau De Jeneret

C. Delaere

F. Gameiro Casalinho

A. Giammanco

A.O. Guzel

M. Hussain

Z. Lawrence

V. Lemaitre

J. Lidrych

P. Malek

S. Turkcapar

Brazil

G. Alves

M. Barroso Ferreira Filho

E. Coelho

Observation of Electroweak Production of Pairs of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi></math> Bosons in Proton-Proton Collisions at 13 TeV

In spread complexity, the growth rate of the average position of a time-evolved state along its Krylov chain recovers the proper radial momentum of an infalling particle in anti–de Sitter space. It is, however, a measure of the first moment only, irrespective of the spread of the wave packet away from its classical trajectory. The rate of a “normalized” Krylov-Wigner negativity can be proposed as a diagnostic of the second moment of the boundary state that captures this spreading. Starting with the “seed-normalized” Krylov-Wigner distribution—that is, the Wigner transform of the descendant cloud, with the decaying return amplitude divided out—we obtain an analytic Bessel form in the macroscopic limit and compute its total negativity explicitly. Retaining the Bessel variable all the way through, we find that the negativity goes as <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>sinh</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>4</mn><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>π</mi><mi>t</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>β</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math>. But the raw normalized-state negativity saturates to an <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> constant, well below the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msqrt><mi>D</mi></msqrt><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> bound. Using the exact negative binomial statistics of the Krylov chain, the normalized negativity is at late times a fixed power of the second moment of the Krylov wave packet, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">N</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>∝</mo><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mi>Var</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">^</mo></mover><mtext>Krylov</mtext></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><msup><mo stretchy="false">]</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi></msup></math>, for every <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math>. The relation linearizes precisely at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></math>. In this regime via the momentum dictionary of Caputa et al. [<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/7zs8-9zpg">Phys. Rev. D 113, L041901 (2026)</a>], the rate becomes the product of the proper radial position and momentum, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">R</mi><mo>∝</mo><mi mathvariant="script">C</mi><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>ρ</mi></msub></math>, which we interpret as the rate of the tidal stretch of nearby geodesics falling into the horizon. We also comment briefly on a speculative direction for future research, in particular, the interpretation of the transverse string size operator in terms of the Krylov number operator through the common <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>SU</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> discrete series.

Ritam Basu

Normalized Wigner negativity rate as a second-moment probe of infall in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>AdS</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math>

The universality of the large-momentum effective theory (LaMET) allows computing parton distribution functions starting from any Euclidean correlator with appropriate large-momentum Fourier components. Nevertheless, only the Wilson-line operators have been widely studied in this framework. In this Letter, we provide the first LaMET formulation using current-current correlators up to the next-to-leading order. The advantage of this new method is its simple renormalization property due to the absence of Wilson-line linear divergences. This provides an alternative approach for LaMET calculation with very different systematics, making it crucial for cross-validating future precision calculations. A first numerical example is presented using newly generated correlators for specific LaMET application from existing four-point function data.

Jia-Lu Zhang

Xiangdong Ji

Andreas Schäfer

United States

Rui Zhang

Christian Zimmermann

Parton Distribution Functions from Large-Momentum Expansion of Current-Current Correlators

We study the Heisenberg XXX spin chain with twisted periodic boundary conditions with a defective twist matrix. Using quantum separation of variables, we show that the generalized eigenvectors of this system can be characterized in terms of a modified TQ equation that we have named the “Jordanian TQ equation.” We also show that the wave function in the separated basis is only separable for true eigenvectors, while the wave function for generalized eigenvectors of higher rank is given instead by a sum over weak compositions.

Juan Miguel Nieto García

Separation of variables for nondiagonalizable models: XXX spin chain with twisted boundary conditions