We present a comprehensive bottom-up analysis of lepton mass and mixing based on the non-holomorphic $A_{4}$ modular symmetry. Neutrinos are assumed to be Majorana particles, and the light neutrino masses are generated through the Weinberg operator. In this framework, we construct all phenomenologically viable models with minimal number of free parameters, with the Yukawa couplings expressed in terms of polyharmonic Maaß forms of weights $\pm4$ , $\pm2$ , and 0 at level $N=3$ . Without imposing generalized CP (gCP) symmetry, we identify 147 (six) viable models with eight real free parameters that successfully reproduce the current experimental data of the lepton sector for the normal (inverted) mass ordering. When gCP symmetry consistent with $A_{4}$ modular symmetry is included, the number of free parameters is reduced by one, yielding 47 (five) phenomenologically viable models in the normal (inverted) mass ordering. Finally, we present detailed numerical analyses of a representative model for both mass orderings to illustrate these results.

China

Xiang-Yan Gao

Cai-Chang Li

Minimal lepton models with non-holomorphic modular $\textit{A}$ $_{4}$ symmetry * Supported by Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi (2024JC-YBQN-0004) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12547106, 12247103)

We apply the wavelet formalism of quantum field theory to investigate nonperturbative dynamics within the Hamiltonian framework. In particular, we employ Daubechies wavelets in momentum space, whose basis functions are labeled by resolution and translation indices, providing a natural nonperturbative truncation of both infrared and ultraviolet truncation of quantum field theories. As an application, we compute the energy spectra of a free scalar field theory and the interacting <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></math>-dimensional <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>ϕ</mi><mn>4</mn></msup></math> theory. This approach successfully reproduces the well-known strong-coupling phase transition in the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>m</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>0</mn></math> regime. Our results indicate that with increasing resolution, the extracted critical coupling can approach toward its expected value, providing numerical evidence for the plausibility of the wavelet-based Hamiltonian formulation for nonperturbative field-theoretic calculations.

Mrinmoy Basak

Debsubhra Chakraborty

Nilmani Mathur

Raghunath Ratabole

Hamiltonian formulation of the (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math>)-dimensional <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>ϕ</mi><mn>4</mn></msup></math> theory in a momentum-space Daubechies wavelet basis

One of the forthcoming major challenges in particle physics is the experimental determination of the Higgs trilinear self-coupling. While efforts have largely focused on on-shell double- and single-Higgs production in proton-proton collisions, off-shell Higgs production has also been proposed as a valuable complementary probe. In this article, we design a hybrid neural simulation-based inference (NSBI) approach to construct a likelihood of the Higgs signal incorporating modifications from the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT), relevant background processes, and quantum interference effects. It leverages the training efficiency of matrix-element-enhanced techniques, which are vital for robust SMEFT applications, while also incorporating the practical advantages of classification-based methods for effective background estimates. We demonstrate that our NSBI approach achieves sensitivity close to the theoretical optimum and provide expected constraints for the high-luminosity upgrade of the Large Hadron Collider. While we primarily concentrate on the Higgs trilinear self-coupling, we also consider constraints on other SMEFT operators that affect off-shell Higgs production.

United States

Aishik Ghosh

Germany

Maximilian Griese

Ulrich Haisch

Tae Park

Neural simulation-based inference of the Higgs trilinear self-coupling via off-shell Higgs production

Monochromatic high-frequency gravitational waves (HFGWs) provide a distinctive probe of new physics scenarios, most notably axion clouds around rotating black holes formed via superradiance. We reanalyzed data from the CAPP-12T multicell axion haloscope experiment [Kim et al., <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.133.051802">Phys. Rev. Lett. 133, 051802 (2024)</a>]. The study covers a continuous 2 MHz frequency span centered at 5.311 GHz. No rescan candidates were found, and we set 90% confidence-level exclusion limits on the gravitational-wave strain, reaching <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>h</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>≈</mo><mn>3.9</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>21</mn></mrow></msup></math> in the most sensitive regions of the sky. Interpreted in the context of black hole superradiance from axion clouds, the results exclude black holes with mass <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>M</mi><mi>BH</mi></msub><mo>≃</mo><mn>1.22</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup><msub><mi>M</mi><mo stretchy="false">⊙</mo></msub></math> within distances of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi mathvariant="script">O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math> AU from Earth, under benchmark assumptions. This work demonstrates the potential of electromagnetic resonant cavities as novel detectors of monochromatic HFGWs and motivates future searches for both long-lived and transient signals.

Younggeun Kim

Jordan Gué

Changhao Xu

Diego Blas

Dmitry Budker

Sungjae Bae

Claudio Gatti

Junu Jeong

Jihn E. Kim

Kiwoong Lee

Arjan F. van Loo

Yasunobu Nakamura

Seonjeong Oh

Wolfram Ratzinger

Taehyeon Seong

Yannis K. Semertzidis

Kristof Schmieden

Mattias Schott

Sergey Uchaikin

SungWoo Youn

Search for high-frequency gravitational waves via reanalysis of cavity axion data

This paper is aimed at improving thermal bootstrapping methods for matrix quantum mechanics. The thermal energies of the large-$\textit{N}$ one-matrix anharmonic oscillator and large-$\textit{N}$ two-matrix anharmonic oscillator are bounded without logarithmic relaxation using the Quantum Information Conic Solver. For the one-matrix model, which can be interpreted using an effective theory of “long strings” in the low temperature limit, stricter bootstrap bounds yield a value of the first long string excited energy within 0$\textit{.}$001% of the physical value and the first estimation from symmetry and self-consistency equations alone of the first long string coupling coefficient.

Sophia Adams

Thermal bootstrap of large-$\textit{N}$ matrix models via conic optimization

We compute three-loop corrections to the three-point form factor of the operator <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>tr</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math> in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn></math> supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. In particular, our result is valid beyond the leading-color limit and will consequently be an important input towards extending the amplitude-bootstrap program beyond the leading-color approximation. We find that our analytic formulae are strikingly compact expressions in terms of integer linear combinations of generalized polylogarithms of weight six.

Xin Guan

Bernhard Mistlberger

Michael Ruf

Subleading Color Corrections at Three Loops to the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>tr</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>ϕ</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> Three-Point Form Factor in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn></math> Supersymmetric Yang-Mills Theory

We quantify the transition between weak and strong coupling in thermal <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn></math> supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory in four space-time dimensions by constructing an admissible ensemble of log-aware Padé approximants that incorporate the weak- and strong-coupling expansions through <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi mathvariant="script">O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi mathvariant="script">O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math> (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>λ</mi></math> is the ’t Hooft coupling), including the nonanalytic <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>λ</mi><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>λ</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>log</mi><mi>λ</mi></math> terms. This replaces single-curve estimates with a reproducible uncertainty band and a well-defined central curve across the intermediate regime. The framework is predictive, setting testable benchmarks for forthcoming perturbative and holographic calculations.

Ubaid Tantary

Constrained Padé ensembles for thermal <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi mathvariant="script">N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></math> SYM: Quantified uncertainties and next-order predictions

We study energy-energy correlators (EECs) in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></math> annihilation and deep inelastic lepton-hadron scattering (DIS), focusing on aspects of nonperturbative physics in these observables. We introduce the EEC jet functions and investigate the infrared behavior of both small-angle EECs and angle-integrated EECs by performing explicit one-loop calculations. The factorization and universality of the EECs in these processes are demonstrated. A matching scheme is proposed to smoothly connect kinematic regions where different scaling behaviors with jet energy are observed. In combination with the next-to-leading order correction, this matching provides a good description of the EEC data and pythia simulations in high-energy <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></math> annihilation. Predictions for DIS processes for future electron-ion collider kinematics are also presented.

Yuxun Guo

Werner Vogelsang

Feng Yuan

Wenbin Zhao

Energy-energy correlators in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></math> annihilation and deep inelastic scattering

Using <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>4.5</mn><mrow><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mi>fb</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></math> collision data collected by the BESIII detector at center-of-mass energies between 4.600 and 4.699 GeV, we search for the semileptonic decays <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>+</mo></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>+</mo></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></math> for the first time. Assuming their branching fractions are equal under isospin symmetry, evidence for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>+</mo></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>∓</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></math> is reported with a significance of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>3.6</mn><mi>σ</mi></math>. The corresponding branching fraction is measured to be <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">B</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>+</mo></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>∓</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>e</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msubsup><mn>7.7</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><msub><mn>2.3</mn><mrow><mi>stat</mi></mrow></msub></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>2.5</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>±</mo><msub><mn>1.3</mn><mrow><mi>syst</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></math>, which is consistent with quark model predictions within two standard deviations.

M. Ablikim

M.N. Achasov

P. Adlarson

X.C. Ai

R. Aliberti

A. Amoroso

Q. An

Y. Bai

O. Bakina

Y. Ban

H.R. Bao

V. Batozskaya

K. Begzsuren

N. Berger

M. Berlowski

M. Bertani

D. Bettoni

F. Bianchi

E. Bianco

A. Bortone

I. Boyko

R.A. Briere

A. Brueggemann

H. Cai

M.H. Cai

X. Cai

A. Calcaterra

G.F. Cao

N. Cao

S.A. Cetin

X.Y. Chai

J.F. Chang

G.R. Che

Y.Z. Che

G. Chelkov

C.H. Chen

Chao Chen

G. Chen

H.S. Chen

H.Y. Chen

M.L. Chen

S.J. Chen

S.L. Chen

S.M. Chen

T. Chen

X.R. Chen

X.T. Chen

Y.B. Chen

Y.Q. Chen

Z.J. Chen

Z.K. Chen

S.K. Choi

X. Chu

G. Cibinetto

F. Cossio

J.J. Cui

H.L. Dai

J.P. Dai

A. Dbeyssi

R.E. de Boer

D. Dedovich

C.Q. Deng

Z.Y. Deng

A. Denig

I. Denysenko

M. Destefanis

F. De Mori

B. Ding

X.X. Ding

Y. Ding

Y.X. Ding

J. Dong

L.Y. Dong

M.Y. Dong

X. Dong

M.C. Du

S.X. Du

Y.Y. Duan

Z.H. Duan

P. Egorov

G.F. Fan

J.J. Fan

Y.H. Fan

J. Fang

S.S. Fang

W.X. Fang

Y.Q. Fang

R. Farinelli

L. Fava

F. Feldbauer

G. Felici

C.Q. Feng

J.H. Feng

Y.T. Feng

M. Fritsch

C.D. Fu

J.L. Fu

Evidence for the semileptonic decays <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>+</mo></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>∓</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></math>

We examine the sensitivity of the beam normal spin asymmetry in Bhabha scattering to beyond the Standard Model mediators, in the context of the JLab polarized positron program. A key property of this observable is that the Standard Model contribution exhibits a zero crossing at a fixed scattering angle, providing a clean, effectively background-free point for these searches. We consider scalar, vector, and axial vector mediators and present projected bounds, finding that scalar and vector scenarios allow a significant extension of the search ranges beyond existing constraints.

Aleksandr Pustyntsev

Muthubharathi S. Ramasamy

Marc Vanderhaeghen

New physics searches via beam normal spin asymmetry in Bhabha scattering