We investigate the inclusive <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></mrow></math> production in proton-proton <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> collisions at center-of-mass energies <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msqrt><mi>s</mi></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>5.02</mn></mrow></math>, 7, and 13 TeV using the parton and hadron cascade model PACIAE 4.0. This model extends PYTHIA 8.3 by incorporating partonic and hadronic rescatterings before and after hadronization, respectively. Compared to our earlier study [K.-F. Ye et al., <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.109.035201">Phys. Rev. C 109, 035201 (2024)</a>], which considered only the color-singlet processes, the present work includes both the color-singlet and color-octet contributions within the nonrelativistic QCD (NRQCD) framework. In addition to the NRQCD, we also consider the contributions from the cluster collapse and weak decays of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>b</mi></math> hadrons. We find that the simulated inclusive <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></mrow></math> transverse momentum differential cross sections agree well with the experimental data at both the middle and forward rapidities. We provide a quantitative analysis of the relative contributions for different production mechanisms and their energy and rapidity dependence in the inclusive <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></mrow></math> production. Furthermore, we offer a quantification of the relative contributions of the various components and their energy and rapidity dependence in the NRQCD channels, including the direct production via the hard scattering and the feed-down from the decays of heavier charmonium states such as <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>ψ</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>S</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>χ</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow></msub></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>χ</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>χ</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math>. Finally, we examine the effects of partonic and hadronic rescatterings and offer the quantitative estimate of their impact on the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></mrow></math> production. These results are entirely new and represent a significant step forward in understanding the mechanisms of the inclusive <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></mrow></math> production in high-energy <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></math> collisions.

Jin-Peng Zhang

Guan-Yu Wang

Wen-Chao Zhang

Bo Feng

An-Ke Lei

Zhi-Lei She

Hua Zheng

Dai-Mei Zhou

Yu-Liang Yan

Ben-Hao Sa

Inclusive <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></mrow></math> productions in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></math> collisions at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msqrt><mi>s</mi></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>5.02</mn><mo>,</mo><mo> </mo><mn>7</mn><mo>,</mo><mo> </mo><mtext>and</mtext><mo> </mo><mn>13</mn><mo> </mo><mi>TeV</mi></mrow></math> with the parton and hadron cascade model PACIAE

The next-to-leading order hard function for quarkonium electroproduction is calculated within the framework of transverse-momentum-dependent (TMD) factorization in the low-transverse-momentum regime. The structure of the TMD shape function in quarkonium leptoproduction is analyzed through its operator-level definition. Particular attention is given to the convolution of the unpolarized TMD gluon distribution with the TMD shape function, thereby illustrating the latter’s phenomenological role. Building on this framework, we provide predictions for the unpolarized differential cross-section of $\textit{J/ψ}$ electroproduction at the future Electron-Ion Collider in the region of small transverse momentum.

Spain

Miguel Echevarria

United States

Raj Kishore

Samuel Romera

Modeling the TMD shape function in $\textit{J}$/$\textit{ψ}$ electroproduction

In double charmonium production, a long-standing challenge is that the theoretical predictions are not consistent with the measurements at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi></math> factories. Within the Non-Relativistic Quantum Chromodynamics (NRQCD) framework, the next-to-leading order calculation has proved its power to cut down the discrepancy between theory and experiments. To further clarify this puzzle, we have performed the next-to-next-to-leading order calculation. The amplitude is obtained as an analytical asymptotic expansion in the ratio of the squared charm-quark mass over the squared center-of-mass energy, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>m</mi><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msubsup><mo>/</mo><mi>s</mi></math>. We investigate the origin of the leading logarithms by performing a region analysis, revealing the intricate factorization structure in this process. We provide numerical predictions on the total cross sections of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>η</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math> production, which agree with the experimental results. Extension of our computation to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">ϒ</mi><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>η</mi><mi>b</mi></msub></math> production is also discussed.

Xiang Chen

Xin Guan

Chuan-Qi He

Yan-Qing Ma

Jian Wang

Da-Jiang Zhang

Analytical two-loop amplitudes of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi><mo>+</mo><msub><mi>η</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math> at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi></math> factories

We study the processes $\textit{χ}$ $\textit{ ω}$ and $\textit{χ}$ ($\textit{π}$ $\textit{π}$ $\textit{π}$ ) ($\textit{J}$ = 0, 1, 2) at center-of-mass energies $$\sqrt{s}$$ from 10.73 to 11.02 GeV using a 142$\textit{.}$5 fb data sample collected with the Belle detector at the KEKB asymmetric-energy $\textit{e}$ $\textit{e}$ collider; and at $$\sqrt{s}\sim 10.75$$ GeV using a 19$\textit{.}$8 fb sample collected with Belle II at SuperKEKB. We find that the Υ(10753) state decays into $\textit{χ}$ $\textit{ ω}$ but not into $\textit{χ}$ ($\textit{π}$ $\textit{π}$ $\textit{π}$ ) , while the Υ(10860) state, in contrast, decays into $\textit{χ}$ ($\textit{π}$ $\textit{π}$ $\textit{π}$ ) but not into $\textit{χ}$ $\textit{ ω}$. The mass and width of the Υ(10753) state are measured to be (10756$\textit{.}$1 ± 3$\textit{.}$4(stat$\textit{.}$) ± 2$\textit{.}$7(syst$\textit{.}$)) MeV/$\textit{c}$ and (32$\textit{.}$2 ± 11$\textit{.}$3(stat$\textit{.}$) ± 14$\textit{.}$9(syst$\textit{.}$)) MeV. The products of the partial width to $\textit{e}$ $\textit{e}$ and branching fractions for Υ(10753) $\textit{→ χ}$ $\textit{ω}$ and Υ(10753) $\textit{→ χ}$ $\textit{ω}$ are (1$\textit{.}$57 $\textit{±}$ 0$\textit{.}$27(stat$\textit{.}$) $\textit{±}$ 0$\textit{.}$22(syst$\textit{.}$)) eV and (1$\textit{.}$39 $\textit{±}$ 0$\textit{.}$41(stat$\textit{.}$) $\textit{±}$ 0$\textit{.}$33(syst$\textit{.}$)) eV.

I. Adachi

L. Aggarwal

H. Ahmed

H. Aihara

N. Akopov

M. Alhakami

A. Aloisio

N. Althubiti

M. Angelsmark

N. Anh Ky

D. Asner

H. Atmacan

V. Aushev

M. Aversano

R. Ayad

V. Babu

H. Bae

N. Baghel

S. Bahinipati

P. Bambade

Sw. Banerjee

M. Barrett

M. Bartl

J. Baudot

A. Baur

A. Beaubien

F. Becherer

J. Becker

J. Bennett

F. Bernlochner

V. Bertacchi

M. Bertemes

E. Bertholet

M. Bessner

S. Bettarini

B. Bhuyan

F. Bianchi

D. Biswas

A. Bobrov

D. Bodrov

A. Bolz

A. Bondar

A. Boschetti

A. Bozek

M. Bračko

P. Branchini

R. Briere

T. Browder

A. Budano

S. Bussino

Q. Campagna

M. Campajola

G. Casarosa

C. Cecchi

J. Cerasoli

M.C. Chang

P. Chang

R. Cheaib

P. Cheema

B. Cheon

K. Chilikin

J. Chin

K. Chirapatpimol

H.E. Cho

K. Cho

S.J. Cho

S.K. Choi

S. Choudhury

J. Cochran

I. Consigny

L. Corona

J. Cui

E. Cruz-Burelo

S. Motte

G. Nardo

G. Pietro

R. Sangro

M. Destefanis

S. Dey

R. Dhamija

A. Canto

F. Capua

J. Dingfelder

Z. Doležal

I. Domínguez Jiménez

T. Dong

M. Dorigo

D. Dossett

K. Dugic

G. Dujany

P. Ecker

D. Epifanov

J. Eppelt

P. Feichtinger

T. Ferber

T. Fillinger

C. Finck

G. Finocchiaro

A. Fodor

F. Forti

Improved measurement of Born cross sections for $\textit{χ}$ $\textit{bJ}$ $\textit{ ω}$ and $\textit{χ}$ $\textit{bJ}$ ($\textit{π}$ + $\textit{π}$ $\textit{−}$ $\textit{π}$ 0)non$\textit{−ω}$ ($\textit{J}$ = 0, 1, 2) at Belle and Belle II

This article presents measurements of inclusive <italic>J</italic>/ <italic>&#968;</italic> production at midrapidity (| <italic>y</italic>|&#8239;&lt;&#8239; 1.0) in Au+Au collisions at <math altimg='si1.svg'><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mtext>NN</mtext></msub></msqrt><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>=</mo><mn>54.4</mn></mrow></math> GeV with the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. A suppression of the <italic>J</italic>/ <italic>&#968;</italic> yield, quantified using the nuclear modification factors ( <italic>R</italic> <inf>AA</inf>, <italic>R</italic> <inf>CP</inf>), is observed with respect to the scaled production in <math altimg='si2.svg'><mrow><mi>p</mi><mspace width='0.16em' /><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>+</mo><mspace width='0.16em' /><mi>p</mi></mrow></math> collisions. The dependence of <italic>R</italic> <inf>AA</inf> on collision centrality and <italic>J</italic>/ <italic>&#968;</italic> transverse momentum is measured with improved precision compared to previous measurements at 39 and 62.4&#8239;GeV, while the centrality dependence of <italic>R</italic> <inf>CP</inf> is measured and compared to the same results at 39, 62.4, and 200&#8239;GeV. In central collisions, no significant collision energy dependence of <italic>R</italic> <inf>AA</inf> is found within uncertainties for collision energies between 17.3 and 200&#8239;GeV. Two transport model calculations that include dissociation and regeneration contributions are consistent with the experimental results within uncertainties. Although no significant collision energy dependence of the <italic>J</italic>/ <italic>&#968;</italic> suppression in high energy heavy-ion collisions up to <math altimg='si10.svg'><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mtext>NN</mtext></msub></msqrt><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>=</mo><mn>200</mn></mrow></math> GeV is observed within uncertainties, the newly measured results at 54.4&#8239;GeV Au+Au collisions provide additional constraints on theoretical calculations of the hot medium evolution and cold nuclear matter effects.

B.E. Aboona

Czechia

J. Adam

Poland

L. Adamczyk

India

I. Aggarwal

M.M. Aggarwal

Z. Ahammed

A.K. Alshammri

E.C. Aschenauer

China

S. Aslam

J. Atchison

Chile

V. Bairathi

X. Bao

P. Barik

K. Barish

S. Behera

R. Bellwied

P. Bhagat

A. Bhasin

S. Bhatta

S.R. Bhosale

J. Bielcik

J. Bielcikova

J.D. Brandenburg

C. Broodo

X.Z. Cai

H. Caines

M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez

D. Cebra

J. Ceska

I. Chakaberia

P. Chaloupka

Y.S. Chang

Z. Chang

A. Chatterjee

D. Chen

J.H. Chen

L. Chen

Q. Chen

W. Chen

Z. Chen

J. Cheng

Y. Cheng

W. Christie

X. Chu

S. Corey

H.J. Crawford

Hungary

M. Csanád

G. Dale-Gau

A. Das

D. De Souza Lemos

Germany

I.M. Deppner

A. Deshpande

A. Dhamija

A. Dimri

P. Dixit

X. Dong

J.L. Drachenberg

E. Duckworth

J.C. Dunlop

Egypt

Y.S. El-Feky

J. Engelage

G. Eppley

Japan

S. Esumi

Measurement of inclusive <italic>J</italic>/ <italic>&#968;</italic> production in Au+Au collisions at <math altimg='si1.svg'><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mtext>NN</mtext></msub></msqrt><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>=</mo><mn>54.4</mn></mrow></math> GeV at STAR