The decay of the Higgs boson and the nature of dark matter remain fundamental challenges in particle physics. We investigate the 95 GeV diphoton excess and dark matter within the framework of the triplet-extended minimal supersymmetric standard model (TMSSM). In this model, an additional hypercharge $ Y=0 $ , $ S U(2)_L $ triplet superfield is introduced. Mixing between the triplet and doublet Higgs states enhances the diphoton signal strength of the 95 GeV Higgs boson, resulting in $ \mu_{\gamma\gamma}^{{\rm{CMS+ATLAS}}} = 0.24_{-0.08}^{+0.09} $ , which is consistent with experimental observations. This enhancement arises primarily from charged Higgs and chargino loop contributions, together with an LEP excess in the $ Zb\bar{b} $ channel around the same mass within the $ 2\sigma $ range. Additionally, the model accommodates viable dark matter candidates in the form of a bino-dominated neutralino. The relic density is reduced to the observed value through resonance-enhanced annihilation via the Higgs portal or co-annihilation with the triplino or higgsino. This reduction remains consistent with constraints from direct and indirect detection experiments. A comprehensive parameter scan demonstrates that the TMSSM can simultaneously explain the 95 GeV diphoton excess, observed 125 GeV Higgs mass, and dark matter relic density, establishing a compelling and theoretically consistent framework.

China

Zetian Li

Ning Liu

Bin Zhu

Interplay of 95 GeV diphoton excess and dark matter in supersymmetric triplet model * Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC) (12275232, 12335005) and Bin Zhu is also supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2025QA20)

The static spherical vacuum solution in a bumblebee gravity model where the bumblebee field $$B_\mu $$ has a one-component time-like vacuum expectation value $$b_\mu $$ is studied. We show that in general curved space-time solutions are not allowed and only the Minkowski space-time exists. However, it is surprising that two non-trivial solutions can be obtained so long as a unique condition for the vacuum expectation $$b^2\equiv -b^\mu b_\mu =2/\kappa $$ , where $$\kappa =8\pi G$$ , is satisfied. One of the solutions contains a naked singularity, while the other exhibits features analogous to a confining potential. We argue that naturally these solutions are not stable since quantum corrections would invalidate the likely numerical coincidence, unless there are some unknown $\textit{fine-tuning}$ mechanisms preventing any deviation from this condition. Nevertheless, the naked singularities and the photon sphere of these novel but peculiar solutions are discussed, and we show that the extremal Reissner-Nordström solution is a limit of one of our solutions.

Hao Li

Jie Zhu

Static spherical vacuum solution to bumblebee gravity with time-like VEVs

This paper presents a systematic study of hyperon non-leptonic two-body decays induced by light quark transitions, particularly the $ s \rightarrow u\bar{u}d $ process, within the framework of $\textit{SU}$(3) flavor symmetry. The effective weak Hamiltonian is decomposed into irreducible $\textit{SU}$(3) representations, including the 27-plet and octet components, and applied to analyze decays of octet and decuplet baryons and charmed baryons. Both the irreducible representation amplitude (IRA) approach and the topological diagrammatic analysis (TDA) are employed to construct decay amplitudes and constrain the parameter space. $\textit{SU}$(3) symmetry-breaking effects arising from the strange quark mass are incorporated systematically. A global fit to current experimental data allows us to extract form factors and predict branching ratios and asymmetry parameters for several decay channels. Our results demonstrate the predictive power of $\textit{SU}$(3) flavor symmetry while highlighting significant symmetry-breaking effects, especially in amplitudes related to the 27-plet. Notably, the $ \Sigma^+ \rightarrow p\pi^0 $ decay channel exhibits a deviation exceeding $ 1\sigma $ from experimental measurements, suggesting the possible presence of new decay mechanisms or contributions beyond the Standard Model. Besides, we also evaluate the size of symmetry breaking. However, the large uncertainty of the experimental data makes it difficult to precisely determine the value of symmetry breaking. We strongly recommend that future experimental efforts aim to reduce the measurement uncertainties, especially for the processes $ \Lambda^0\to p\pi^- $ and $ \Lambda^0\to n\pi^0 $ , which have larger experimental errors compared to other data and play an important role in determining the symmetry breaking parameter. This study provides a systematic framework for future tests of the Standard Model and the search for new physics in hyperon decays.

Xin Wu

Qi Chen

Ye Xing

Zhi-Peng Xing

Ruilin Zhu

$\textit{SU}$(3) flavor symmetry analysis of hyperon non-leptonic two body decays * Ruilin Zhu is supported by NSFC (12322503, 12075124) and the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu (BK20211267). Zhi-Peng Xing is supported by NSFC (12375088, 12335003, 12405113). Ye Xing is supported by NSFC (12005294)

In this study, we investigate the $R^2$ corrections to the dissociation of heavy quarkonium in the Gauss-Bonnet gravitational background. We analyze the impact of the Gauss-Bonnet parameter $\lambda_{\rm GB}$ on the spectral function of charmonium and bottomonium and examine the effect of $\lambda_{\rm GB}$ on the dissociation of heavy quarkonium. Our results show that $\lambda_{\rm GB}$ reduces the peak height and increases the peak width of the spectral function, suggesting that $\lambda_{\rm GB}$ enhances the dissociation of heavy quarkonium. We also discuss the variation in the dissociation of heavy quarkonium with the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density and observe that the dissociation is easier in more perfect plasma. Additionally, we observe that the temperature decreases the peak height and widens the peak, thereby accelerating the dissociation.

Zhou-Run Zhu

Manman Sun

Rui Zhou

Jinzhong Han

$\textit{R}$ $^{2}$ corrections to holographic heavy quarkonium dissociation * Rui Zhou supported by the Science and Technology Development Plan Project of Henan Province, China (242102230085), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12404470), the High Level Talents Research and Startup Foundation Projects for Doctors of Zhoukou Normal University, China (ZKNUC2023017). Manman Sun supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12305076). Zhou-Run Zhu supported by the High Level Talents Research and Startup Foundation Projects for Doctors of Zhoukou Normal University, China (ZKNUC2023018)

<p>We have implemented the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math> dimensional CLVisc hydrodynamics model with T<span class="sc">r</span>ENTo-3D initial conditions to investigate the spin polarization of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi></math> hyperons along the beam direction in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>Pb</mi></mrow></math> collisions at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>8.16</mn></mrow></math> TeV. Following our previous theoretical framework based on quantum kinetic theory, we consider three different scenarios: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi></math> equilibrium, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi>s</mi></math> quark equilibrium, and isothermal equilibrium scenarios. We have computed the second Fourier sine coefficients of spin polarization along the beam direction, denoted as <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mo>〈</mo><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>z</mi></msub><mo form="prefix">sin</mo><mn>2</mn><mrow><mo>(</mo><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>p</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Ψ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>)</mo></mrow><mo>〉</mo></mrow></math>, with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msub><mi>ϕ</mi><mi>p</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Ψ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></mrow></math> being the azimuthal angle relative to the second-order event plane <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Ψ</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math>, as functions of multiplicity, transverse momentum, and pseudorapidity in the three scenarios. Additionally, we have also computed the spin polarization along the beam direction, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>z</mi></msub></math>, as a function of the azimuthal angle. We find that the spin polarization induced by thermal vorticity always provides an opposite contribution compared to the shear-induced polarization in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">p</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>Pb</mi></mrow></math> collisions. The total spin polarization computed by the current hydrodynamic model disagrees with the data measured by LHC-CMS experiments.</p>

Cong Yi

United States

Canada

Xiang-Yu Wu

Germany

Shi Pu

Guang-You Qin

Spin polarization of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi></math> hyperons along the beam direction in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>p</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>Pb</mi></mrow></math> collisions at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>8.16</mn></mrow></math> TeV using hydrodynamic approaches

We study the transverse momentum ( $p_T$ ) differential anisotropic flow and flow fluctuation in Pb+Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{_{NN}}}$ =5.02 TeV at the LHC. A (3+1)-dimensional CLVisc hydrodynamics framework with fluctuating TRENTO (or AMPT) initial conditions is utilized to simulate the space-time evolution of the quark-gluon plasma (QGP) medium. The effects of shear viscosity and the sub-nucleon structure on anisotropic flow and flow fluctuation are analyzed. Our result shows that shear viscosity tends to suppress both flow coefficients ( ${v_2\{2}\}$ , ${v_2\{4\}}$ , and ${\langle v_2\rangle}$ ) and flow fluctuation ( ${\sigma_{v_2}}$ ) owing to its smearing effect on local density fluctuation. The flow coefficients appear to be insensitive to the sub-nucleon structure, whereas the flow fluctuation ${\sigma_{v_2}}$ tends to be suppressed by the sub-nucleon structure in central collisions but enhanced in peripheral collisions. After taking into account the sub-nucleon structure effect, our numerical result can qualitatively describe the relative flow fluctuations ( ${v_2\{4\}/v_2\{2\}}$ , $F({v_2})$ ) measured by the ALICE Collaboration at the LHC. We further investigate the effects of shear viscosity, sub-nucleon structure, and initial condition model on the flow angle and flow magnitude decorrelations ( ${A_2^f}$ , ${M_2^f}$ ) using the four-particle correlation method. We find that the flow decorrelation effect is typically stronger in central collisions than in peripheral collisions. The flow angle decorrelation is found to be insensitive to the shear viscosity and sub-nucleon structure, whereas the flow magnitude decorrelation shows quite different behaviors when using the TRENTO and AMPT initial condition models. Our study sheds light on the anisotropic flow, transport properties, and initial structure of the QGP created in high-energy nuclear collisions.

Anisotropic flow, flow fluctuation, and flow decorrelation in relativistic heavy-ion collisions: the roles of sub-nucleon structure and shear viscosity * Supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of China (12225503, 11890710, 11890711, 11935007). Zhu Jie is supported in part by the China Scholarship Council (202306770009). Wu Xiang-Yu is supported in part by the National Science Foundation within the framework of the JETSCAPE collaboration (OAC-2004571) and in part by the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada. Some of the calculations were performed in the Nuclear Science Computing Center at Central China Normal University (NSC$^{3}$), Wuhan, Hubei, China.

Finsler geometry is a natural and fundamental generalization of Riemann geometry, and is a tool to research Lorentz invariance violation. We find the connection between the most general modified dispersion relation and a pseudo-Finsler structure, and then we calculate the arrival time delay of astroparticles with different modified dispersion relations in the framework of Finsler geometry. The result suggests that the time delay is irrelevant with the exact form of the modified dispersion relation. If the modified term becomes 0 when  $$E=p$$  <math> <mrow> <mi>E</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>p</mi> </mrow> </math>  , there is no arrival time difference, otherwise the time delays only depend on the Lorentz violation scale and the order at which the Lorentz invariance breaks.

Bo-Qiang Ma

Trajectories of astroparticles in pseudo-Finsler spacetime with the most general modified dispersion

Motivated by the persistent anomalies reported in the  $$b\rightarrow c \tau \bar{\nu }$$  <math> <mrow> <mi>b</mi> <mo>→</mo> <mi>c</mi> <mi>τ</mi> <mover> <mrow> <mi>ν</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>¯</mo> </mrow> </mover> </mrow> </math>   data, we investigate the semileptonic decays  $$\bar{B}^* \rightarrow V \tau ^-\bar{\nu }_{\tau } (V=D^*_{u,d,s},J/\psi )$$  <math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mover> <mrow> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>¯</mo> </mrow> </mover> </mrow> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> <mo>→</mo> <mi>V</mi> <msup> <mi>τ</mi> <mo>-</mo> </msup> <msub> <mover> <mrow> <mi>ν</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>¯</mo> </mrow> </mover> <mi>τ</mi> </msub> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mo>=</mo> <msubsup> <mi>D</mi> <mrow> <mi>u</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>d</mi> <mo>,</mo> <mi>s</mi> </mrow> <mo>∗</mo> </msubsup> <mo>,</mo> <mi>J</mi> <mo>/</mo> <mi>ψ</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> </mrow> </math>  , within the Standard Model and beyond. The relevant transition form factors, being calculated in the covariant light-front quark model, is the main source of theoretical uncertainties. Using various best-fit solutions for the new operator Wilson coefficients, we report numerical results on various observables related to the processes  $$\bar{B}^* \rightarrow V \tau ^-\bar{\nu }_{\tau }$$  <math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mover> <mrow> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>¯</mo> </mrow> </mover> </mrow> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> <mo>→</mo> <mi>V</mi> <msup> <mi>τ</mi> <mo>-</mo> </msup> <msub> <mover> <mrow> <mi>ν</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>¯</mo> </mrow> </mover> <mi>τ</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math>  , such as the branching ratios, the ratio of branching fractions, the hadron and lepton polarization asymmetries, the forward–backward asymmetries and the convexity parameter. We also predict the  $$q^2$$  <math> <msup> <mi>q</mi> <mn>2</mn> </msup> </math>   distribution of these observables both within the Standard Model and in various new physics scenarios. The accessible observables are studied in order to assess their sensitivity to the different new physics scenarios. We can find that some of the new physics scenarios can be differentiated from each other by using these observables and their correlations. We also find that some observables of these decay modes are sizeable and deviate significantly (for new physics coupling parameter  $$S_R$$  <math> <msub> <mi>S</mi> <mi>R</mi> </msub> </math>   especially) from their corresponding standard model values, which are expected to be within the reach of Run III of Large Hadron Collider experiment. And experimental information on these distributions which will be testified in the future can help to disentangle the dynamical origin of the current anomalies.

Jin-Huan Sheng

Quan-Yi Hu

Ru-Min Wang

Phenomenology analysis of  $$\bar{B}^* \rightarrow V \tau ^-\bar{\nu }_{\tau }$$  <math> <mrow> <msup> <mrow> <mover> <mrow> <mi>B</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>¯</mo> </mrow> </mover> </mrow> <mo>∗</mo> </msup> <mo>→</mo> <mi>V</mi> <msup> <mi>τ</mi> <mo>-</mo> </msup> <msub> <mover> <mrow> <mi>ν</mi> </mrow> <mrow> <mo>¯</mo> </mrow> </mover> <mi>τ</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math>   decays in and beyond the Standard Model

Previous researches on high-energy neutrino events from gamma-ray bursters (GRBs) suggest a neutrino speed variation <math><mi>v</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>±</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>/</mo><msubsup><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>LV</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>ν</mi></mrow></msubsup><mo>)</mo></math> with <math><msubsup><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>LV</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>ν</mi></mrow></msubsup><mo>=</mo><mo>(</mo><mn>6.4</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>1.5</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>17</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> GeV</mtext></math>, together with an intrinsic time difference <math><mi>Δ</mi><msub><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>in</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mo>(</mo><mo>−</mo><mn>2.8</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.7</mn><mo>)</mo><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> s</mtext></math>, which means that high-energy neutrinos come out about 300 s earlier than low-energy photons in the source reference system. Considering the possibility that pre-bursts of neutrinos may be accompanied by high-energy photons, in this work we search for high-energy photon events with earlier emission time from 100 to 1000 s before low-energy photons at source by analyzing Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (FGST) data. We perform the searching of photon events with energies larger than 100 MeV, and find 14 events from 48 GRBs with known redshifts. Combining these events with a <math><mn>1.07</mn><mspace width="0.25em"></mspace><mtext>TeV</mtext></math> photon event observed by the Major Atmospheric Gamma Imaging Cherenkov telescopes (MAGIC), we suggest a pre-burst stage with a long duration period of several minutes of high energy neutrino emissions accompanied by high energy photons at the GRB source.

Pre-burst neutrinos of gamma-ray bursters accompanied by high-energy photons

Previous researches on high-energy photon events from gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) suggest a light speed variation <math><mi>v</mi><mo>(</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>=</mo><mi>c</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>−</mo><mi>E</mi><mo>/</mo><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>LV</mi></mrow></msub><mo>)</mo></math> with <math><msub><mrow><mi>E</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>LV</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>3.6</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>17</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> GeV</mtext></math>, together with a pre-burst scenario that hight-energy photons come out about 10 seconds earlier than low-energy photons at the GRB source. However, in the Lorentz invariance violating scenario with an energy dependent light speed considered here, high-energy photons travel slower than low-energy photons due to the light speed variation, so that they are usually detected after low-energy photons in observed GRB data. Here we find four high-energy photon events which were observed earlier than low-energy photons from Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope (FGST), and analysis on these photon events supports the pre-burst scenario of high energy photons from GRBs and the energy dependence of light speed listed above.