In this paper, we explore the properties of the Ellis-Jaffe Sum Rule (EJSR) by employing the Principle of Maximum Conformality (PMC) approach to address its perturbative part up to next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order ( <math altimg='si1.svg'><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant='normal'>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mn mathvariant='normal'>3</mn></mrow></msup><mi mathvariant='normal'>LO</mi></math>) QCD contributions. By applying the PMC, we achieve a precise perturbative QCD prediction for the EJSR, free from conventional ambiguities associated with the renormalization scale choices. Considering the presence of the <math altimg='si2.svg'><msub><mrow><mi>&#945;</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math> Landau pole near the asymptotic scale, we incorporate the low-energy <math altimg='si2.svg'><msub><mrow><mi>&#945;</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math> model based on analytic perturbation theory (APT) to refine the EJSR behavior in the infrared region. By combining the PMC approach with the low-energy APT model, the agreement between theoretical calculations and experimental measurements of EJSR is significantly improved, as evidenced by the reduced discrepancy from <math altimg='si3.svg'><msup><mrow><mi>&#967;</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo stretchy='false'>/</mo><mi>d</mi><mo>.</mo><mi>o</mi><mo>.</mo><mi>f</mi><msub><mrow><mo stretchy='false'>|</mo></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant='normal'>Conv</mi><mo>.</mo></mrow></msub><mo linebreak='goodbreak' linebreakstyle='after'>=</mo><mn>1.86</mn></math> to <math altimg='si4.svg'><msup><mrow><mi>&#967;</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo stretchy='false'>/</mo><mi>d</mi><mo>.</mo><mi>o</mi><mo>.</mo><mi>f</mi><msub><mrow><mo stretchy='false'>|</mo></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant='normal'>PMC</mi></mrow></msub><mo linebreak='goodbreak' linebreakstyle='after'>=</mo><mn>1.19</mn></math>, thereby validating the effectiveness of our approach.

China

Hua Zhou

Qing Yu

Xing-Gang Wu

Updated determination of Ellis-Jaffe sum rules up to N <sup>3</sup>LO QCD corrections

We discuss the phenomenology at hadron colliders of a pseudoscalar Higgs boson <italic>A</italic>, as predicted in many extensions of the Standard Model. In particular, we highlight the aspects that makes it different from the case of a quasi-bound toponium state. We apply the discussion to the excess of <math altimg='si1.svg'><mi>t</mi><mover accent='true'><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy='false'>&#175;</mo></mrow></mover></math> threshold events recently observed at the LHC by the CMS collaboration <cross-ref refid='br0010' id='crf0090'>[1]</cross-ref>, which could in principle be due to either or both possibilities, although Occam's razor favours the toponium scenario. Working in an effective theory in which only an additional pseudoscalar <italic>A</italic> boson is present in the spectrum, with a mass above the <math altimg='si2.svg'><mn>2</mn><msub><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub></math> threshold and a significant coupling to top quarks, we discuss the interference between <italic>A</italic> production in the dominant gluon-fusion process <math altimg='si3.svg'><mi>g</mi><mi>g</mi><mo stretchy='false'>&#8594;</mo><mi>A</mi></math> with subsequent <math altimg='si4.svg'><mi>A</mi><mo stretchy='false'>&#8594;</mo><mi>t</mi><mover accent='true'><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy='false'>&#175;</mo></mrow></mover></math> decays, and the QCD continuum background, <math altimg='si5.svg'><mi>g</mi><mi>g</mi><mo stretchy='false'>&#8594;</mo><mi>t</mi><mover accent='true'><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy='false'>&#175;</mo></mrow></mover></math>. While this interference is absent in the case of toponium, it is essential for evaluating <italic>A</italic> production. It is difficult to resolve the peak/dip structure that it generates because of the experimental smearing of the <math altimg='si1.svg'><mi>t</mi><mover accent='true'><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy='false'>&#175;</mo></mrow></mover></math> invariant mass spectrum. However, by comparing the total <italic>A</italic> production rates for different integration domains of the <math altimg='si1.svg'><mi>t</mi><mover accent='true'><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy='false'>&#175;</mo></mrow></mover></math> invariant mass or, eventually, at different center-of-mass energies, one may be able to observe its effects. We then discuss additional mechanisms for <italic>A</italic> production in <italic>pp</italic> collisions, including loop-induced production in association with the lighter <italic>h</italic> boson, <math altimg='si6.svg'><mi>g</mi><mi>g</mi><mo stretchy='false'>&#8594;</mo><mi>h</mi><mi>A</mi></math>, and production in association with top-quark pairs, <math altimg='si7.svg'><mi>g</mi><mi>g</mi><mo stretchy='false'>/</mo><mi>q</mi><mover accent='true'><mrow><mi>q</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy='false'>&#175;</mo></mrow></mover><mo stretchy='false'>&#8594;</mo><mi>t</mi><mover accent='true'><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy='false'>&#175;</mo></mrow></mover><mi>A</mi></math>. These mechanisms have small cross sections at the LHC, and their observation will necessitate higher luminosities or collider energies.

France

Spain

Abdelhak Djouadi

United Kingdom

Switzerland

John Ellis

Jérémie Quevillon

Contrasting pseudoscalar Higgs and toponium states at the LHC and beyond

In this paper, we theoretically investigate gravitational lensing within the space-time framework of traversable wormholes, focusing on the combined effects of a global monopole and a cosmic string. Specifically, we examine the Ellis-Bronnikov-Morris-Thorne wormhole metric and analyze how these topological defects influence photon trajectories. By considering the weak-field limit, we derive analytical expressions for the photon deflection angle, highlighting how factors such as the wormhole throat radius, the global monopole charge, and the cosmic string influence the gravitational lensing phenomenon. We also examine the weak-field limit of lensing phenomena for a zero wormhole throat radius and derive an analytical expression for the deflection angle of photon light in this scenario.

India

Faizuddin Ahmed

Türkiye

İzzet Sakallı

Jordan

Ahmad Al-Badawi

Gravitational lensing phenomena of Ellis-Bronnikov-Morris-Thorne wormhole with global monopole and cosmic string

In this paper, we study the spherically symmetric traversable wormholes supported by a phantom field in the anti-de Sitter (AdS) asymptotic spacetime. We couple an additional complex scalar field into this wormhole spacetime and study the physical properties of this model. Despite coupling the scalar matter field, these wormholes remain massless and symmetric for reflection of the radial coordinate $$r \rightarrow -r.$$ The solution possesses a finite Noether charge , which varies as a function of frequency $$\omega $$ with changes in the cosmological constant $$\Lambda $$ and the throat size $$r_0.$$ Under specific conditions, an approximate “event horizon” will appear at the throat.

Chen-Hao Hao

Xin Su

Yong-Qiang Wang

AdS Ellis wormholes with scalar field

Neutral triple gauge couplings (nTGCs) are a manifestation of new physics beyond the Standard Model (SM), as they are absent in the SM and are first generated by dimension-8 operators in the SM effective field theory (SMEFT). We study the UV completion of nTGCs in a renormalizable model with vectorlike heavy fermions. We compute the one-loop heavy fermion contributions to nTGC vertices by matching them to dimension-8 operators in the low energy limit. Such fermion loops contain either heavy fermions only or mixture of heavy fermions with light SM fermions. We find that their contributions can induce dimension-8 nTGC effective operators containing two SM Higgs-doublet fields, which are formulated with a complete set of 7 dimension-8 operators generating off-shell <math><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math>-even nTGCs. We present the results in terms of SMEFT coefficients and in terms of nTGC vertices (form factors) with two on-shell gauge bosons. In the heavy-light mixing case there appear terms that cannot be accommodated by conventional parametrizations of form factors due to extra logarithmic corrections. We further discuss the implications for probing such UV dynamics via nTGCs at high-energy colliders.

CERN

Hong-Jian He

Rui-Qing Xiao

Shi-Ping Zeng

Jiaming Zheng

UV completion of neutral triple gauge couplings

We study the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon,  $$g_\mu - 2 \equiv 2 a_\mu $$  <math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>g</mi> <mi>μ</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>≡</mo> <mn>2</mn> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>μ</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math>  , in the context of supersymmetric models beyond the CMSSM, where the unification of either the gaugino masses  $$M_{1,2,3}$$  <math> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>3</mn> </mrow> </msub> </math>   or sfermion and Higgs masses is relaxed, taking into account the measured mass of the Higgs boson,  $$m_H$$  <math> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mi>H</mi> </msub> </math>  , the cosmological dark matter density and the direct detection rate. We find that the model with non-unified gaugino masses can make a contribution  $$\Delta a_\mu \sim 20 \times 10^{-10}$$  <math> <mrow> <mi>Δ</mi> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>μ</mi> </msub> <mo>∼</mo> <mn>20</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math>   to the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, for example if  $$M_{1,2} \sim 600\; \textrm{GeV}$$  <math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow> <mn>1</mn> <mo>,</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </msub> <mo>∼</mo> <mn>600</mn> <mspace width="0.277778em"></mspace> <mtext>GeV</mtext> </mrow> </math>   and  $$M_3\sim 8 \; \textrm{TeV}$$  <math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mn>3</mn> </msub> <mo>∼</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mspace width="0.277778em"></mspace> <mtext>TeV</mtext> </mrow> </math>  . The model with non-universal sfermion and Higgs masses can provide even larger  $$\Delta a_\mu \sim 24 \times 10^{-10}$$  <math> <mrow> <mi>Δ</mi> <msub> <mi>a</mi> <mi>μ</mi> </msub> <mo>∼</mo> <mn>24</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mrow> <mo>-</mo> <mn>10</mn> </mrow> </msup> </mrow> </math>   if the sfermion masses for the first and the second generations are  $$ \sim 400 \; \textrm{GeV}$$  <math> <mrow> <mo>∼</mo> <mn>400</mn> <mspace width="0.277778em"></mspace> <mtext>GeV</mtext> </mrow> </math>   and that of the third is  $$ \sim 8 \; \textrm{TeV}$$  <math> <mrow> <mo>∼</mo> <mn>8</mn> <mspace width="0.277778em"></mspace> <mtext>TeV</mtext> </mrow> </math>  . We discuss the prospects for collider searches for supersymmetric particles in specific benchmark scenarios illustrating these possibilities, focusing in particular on the prospects for detecting the lighter smuon and the lightest neutralino.

United States

Keith Olive

Greece

Vassilis Spanos

Non-universal SUSY models,  $$g_\mu -2$$  <math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>g</mi> <mi>μ</mi> </msub> <mo>-</mo> <mn>2</mn> </mrow> </math>  ,  $$m_H$$  <math> <msub> <mi>m</mi> <mi>H</mi> </msub> </math>   and dark matter

Two heavy elements essential to human biology are thought to have been produced by the astrophysical r-process, which occurs in neutron-rich environments: iodine is a constituent of thyroid hormones that affect many physiological processes including growth and development, body temperature and heart rate, and bromine is essential for tissue development and architecture. Collisions of neutron stars (kilonovae) have been identified as sources of r-process elements including tellurium, which is adjacent to iodine in the periodic table, and lanthanides. Neutron-star collisions arise from energy loss due to gravitational-wave emission from binary systems, leading us to suggest that gravitational waves have played a key role in enabling human life by producing iodine and bromine. We propose probing this proposal by searching in lunar material for live $^{129}$I deposited by a recent nearby kilonova explosion.

Brian D. Fields

Rebecca Surman

Do we owe our existence to gravitational waves?

The ATLAS and CMS collaborations at the LHC have recently announced evidence for the rare Higgs boson decay into a Z boson and a photon. We analyze the interference between the process <math><mi>g</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>→</mo><mi>H</mi><mo>→</mo><mi>Z</mi><mi>γ</mi></math> induced by loops of heavy particles, which is by far the dominant contribution to the signal, and the continuum <math><mi>g</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>→</mo><mi>Z</mi><mi>γ</mi></math> QCD background process mediated by light quark loops. This interference modifies the event yield, the resonance line-shape and the apparent mass of the Higgs boson. We calculate the radiative corrections to this interference beyond the leading-order approximation in perturbative QCD and find that, while differing numerically from the corresponding effects on the more studied <math><mi>g</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>→</mo><mi>γ</mi><mi>γ</mi></math> signal, they are generally rather small. As such, they do not impact significantly the interpretation of the present measurements of the <math><mi>H</mi><mo>→</mo><mi>Z</mi><mi>γ</mi></math> decay mode.

Germany

Federico Buccioni

Federica Devoto

Lorenzo Tancredi

Interference effects in → → Beyond Leading Order

Electroweak loop corrections to the matrix elements for the spin-independent scattering of cold dark matter particles on nuclei are generally small, typically below the uncertainty in the local density of cold dark matter. However, as shown in this paper, there are instances in which the electroweak loop corrections are relatively large, and change significantly the spin-independent dark matter scattering rate. An important example occurs when the dark matter particle is a wino, e.g., in anomaly-mediated supersymmetry breaking (AMSB) and pure gravity mediation (PGM) models. We find that the one-loop electroweak corrections to the spin-independent wino LSP scattering cross section generally interfere constructively with the tree-level contribution for AMSB models with negative Higgsino mixing,  $$\mu &lt; 0$$  <math> <mrow> <mi>μ</mi> <mo>&lt;</mo> <mn>0</mn> </mrow> </math>  , and in PGM-like models for both signs of  $$\mu $$  <math> <mi>μ</mi> </math>  , lifting the cross section out of the neutrino fog and into a range that is potentially detectable in the next generation of direct searches for cold dark matter scattering.

Japan

Natsumi Nagata

Electroweak loop contributions to the direct detection of wino dark matter

We study probes of neutral triple gauge couplings (nTGCs) via <math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo></mrow></msup><mi>γ</mi></mrow></math> production with off-shell decays <math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo></mrow></msup><mo>→</mo><mi>ν</mi><mover><mrow><mi>ν</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>¯</mo></mrow></mover></mrow></math> at the LHC and the projected <math><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></math> (100 TeV) colliders, including both <math><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math>-conserving (CPC) and <math><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math>-violating (CPV) couplings. We present the dimension-8 Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT) operators contributing to nTGCs and derive the correct form factor formulation for the doubly off-shell vertices <math><msup><mi>Z</mi><mo>*</mo></msup><mi>γ</mi><msup><mi>V</mi><mo>*</mo></msup></math> (<math><mrow><mi>V</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>Z</mi></mrow></math>, <math><mrow><mi>γ</mi></mrow></math>) by matching them with the dimension-8 SMEFT operators. We include new contributions enhanced by the large off-shell momentum of <math><msup><mi>Z</mi><mo>*</mo></msup></math>, beyond those of the conventional <math><mi>Z</mi><mi>γ</mi><msup><mi>V</mi><mo>*</mo></msup></math> vertices with on-shell <math><mi>Z</mi><mi>γ</mi></math>. We analyze the sensitivity reaches for probing the <math><mrow><mi>CPC</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>CPV</mi></mrow></math> nTGC form factors and the new physics scales of the dimension-8 nTGC operators at the LHC and future 100 TeV <math><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></math> colliders. We compare our new predictions with the existing LHC measurements of CPC nTGCs in the <math><mi>ν</mi><mover><mi>ν</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover><mi>γ</mi></math> channel and demonstrate the importance of our new method.

Probing neutral triple gauge couplings with <math><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo></mrow></msup><mi>γ</mi></mrow></math> (<math><mrow><mi>ν</mi><mover><mrow><mi>ν</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>¯</mo></mrow></mover><mi>γ</mi></mrow></math>) production at hadron colliders