Based on a sample of $2.7\times10^{9}$ $\psi(3686)$ events collected by the BESIII detector operating at the BEPCII collider, the decay $\psi(3686)\to\gamma\chi_{cJ}, \chi_{cJ}\to\eta\eta\eta^{\prime}$ is analyzed. The decay modes $\chi_{c1}$ and $\chi_{c2}\to\eta\eta\eta^{\prime}$ are observed for the first time, and their corresponding branching fractions are determined to be ${\cal{B}}(\chi_{c1}\to\eta\eta\eta^{\prime}) = $ $ (1.40\, \pm 0.13\, (\text{stat.}) \pm 0.09\, (\text{sys.})) \times 10^{-4}$ and ${\cal{B}}(\chi_{c2}\to\eta\eta\eta^{\prime}) = (4.18\, \pm 0.84\, (\text{stat.}) \pm 0.48\, (\text{sys.})) \times 10^{-5}$ . An upper limit on the branching fraction of $\chi_{c0}\to\eta\eta\eta^{\prime}$ is set as $2.59 \times 10^{-5}$ at a 90% confidence level (CL). A partial wave analysis (PWA) of the decay $\chi_{c1}\to\eta\eta\eta^{\prime}$ is performed to search for the $1^{-+}$ exotic state $\eta_1(1855)$ . The PWA result indicates that the structure in the $\eta\eta^{\prime}$ mass spectrum is attributed to $f_0(1500)$ , while in the $\eta\eta$ mass spectrum, it is attributed to the $0^{++}$ phase space. The upper limit of ${\cal{B}}(\chi_{c1}\to\eta_{1}(1855)\eta) \cdot {\cal{B}}(\eta_{1}(1855)\to\eta\eta^{\prime}) \lt $ $ 9.79 \times 10^{-5}$ is set based on the PWA at 90% CL.

China

M. Ablikim

Russia

M.N. Achasov

Sweden

P. Adlarson

X.C. Ai

Germany

R. Aliberti

Italy

A. Amoroso

Q. An

Y. Bai

O. Bakina

Y. Ban

H.R. Bao

Poland

V. Batozskaya

Mongolia

K. Begzsuren

N. Berger

M. Berlowski

M. Bertani

D. Bettoni

F. Bianchi

E. Bianco

A. Bortone

I. Boyko

United States

R.A. Briere

A. Brueggemann

H. Cai

M.H. Cai

X. Cai

A. Calcaterra

G.F. Cao

N. Cao

Türkiye

S.A. Cetin

X.Y. Chai

J.F. Chang

G.R. Che

Y.Z. Che

C.H. Chen

Chao Chen

G. Chen

H.S. Chen

H.Y. Chen

M.L. Chen

S.J. Chen

S.L. Chen

S.M. Chen

T. Chen

X.R. Chen

X.T. Chen

X.Y. Chen

Y.B. Chen

Y.Q. Chen

Z. Chen

Z.J. Chen

Z.K. Chen

S.K. Choi

X. Chu

G. Cibinetto

F. Cossio

United Kingdom

J. Cottee-Meldrum

J.J. Cui

H.L. Dai

J.P. Dai

A. Dbeyssi

R.E. de Boer

D. Dedovich

C.Q. Deng

Z.Y. Deng

A. Denig

I. Denysenko

M. Destefanis

F. De Mori

B. Ding

X.X. Ding

Y. Ding

Y.X. Ding

J. Dong

L.Y. Dong

M.Y. Dong

X. Dong

M.C. Du

S.X. Du

Y.Y. Duan

P. Egorov

G.F. Fan

J.J. Fan

Y.H. Fan

J. Fang

S.S. Fang

W.X. Fang

Y.Q. Fang

R. Farinelli

L. Fava

F. Feldbauer

G. Felici

C.Q. Feng

J.H. Feng

L. Feng

Q.X. Feng

Search for $\textit{η}$ $_{1}$(1855) in $\textit{χ}$ $\textit{cJ}$ → $\textit{ηηη}$′ decays * Supported in part by National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFA1606000, 2023YFA1606704); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (11635010, 11935015, 11935016, 11935018, 12025502, 12035009, 12035013, 12061131003, 12192260, 12192261, 12192262, 12192263, 12192264, 12192265, 12221005, 12225509, 12235017, 12361141819); the Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Large-Scale Scientific Facility Program; CAS (YSBR-101); 100 Talents Program of CAS; The Institute of Nuclear and Particle Physics (INPAC) and Shanghai Key Laboratory for Particle Physics and Cosmology; Agencia Nacional de Investigación y Desarrollo de Chile (ANID), Chile (ANID PIA/APOYO AFB230003); German Research Foundation DFG (FOR5327); Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; Knut and Alice Wallenberg Foundation (2021.0174, 2021.0299); Ministry of Development of Turkey (DPT2006K-120470); National Research Foundation of Korea ( NRF-2022R1A2C1092335); National Science and Technology fund of Mongolia; National Science Research and Innovation Fund (NSRF) via the Program Management Unit for Human Resources Institutional Development, Research and Innovation of Thailand ( B50G670107); Polish National Science Centre (2024/53/B/ST2/00975); Swedish Research Council (2019.04595); U. S. Department of Energy (DE-FG02-05ER41374)

We study the pole trajectory of the recently established subthreshold negative-parity nucleon pole, namely the $N^*(920)$ , with varying pion masses in the scheme of linear $\textit{σ}$ model with nucleons, using the $N/D$ unitarization method. We find that, as the pion mass increases, the pole moves toward the real axis. For larger pion masses, at tree level, the pole falls to a specific point on $\textit{u}$-channel cut and crosses to the adjacent Riemann sheet defined by the logarithmic $\textit{u-}$channel cut. At the one-loop level, the pole does not meet the $\textit{u}$-cut up to $m_\pi=0.36$ GeV. We also re-examined the $\textit{σ}$ pole trajectory and found it to be in good agreement with the Roy equation analysis result.

Qu-Zhi Li

Zhiguang Xiao

Han-Qing Zheng

On the pole trajectory of the subthreshold negative parity nucleon with varying pion masses * Supported by China National Natural Science Foundation (12335002, 12375078). This work is also supported by “the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities”

We present a Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) framework for reconstructing the redshift-dependent Hubble parameter $$H(z)$$ within the Tsallis Holographic Dark Energy (THDE) model extended by massive neutrinos. In this approach, the modified Friedmann equation is incorporated into the neural network loss function, enabling training on Cosmic Chronometers data up to $$z \le 2$$ . The framework allows for the simultaneous estimation of the Hubble constant $$H_0$$ , the neutrino density parameter $$\Omega _\nu $$ , and the Tsallis non-extensivity index $$\delta $$ . Uncertainty quantification is performed through dropout simulations, resulting in statistically consistent $$1\sigma $$ confidence bands. Our results show that the THDE+ $$\nu $$ model, reconstructed via PINN, alleviates the statistical Hubble tension from the canonical $$\sim 5\sigma $$ level down to a range of $$0.5\sigma \le T \le 2.2\sigma $$ , depending on the redshift sampling. Additionally, we constrain the total neutrino mass to $$\Sigma m_\nu < 0.11\,\text {eV}$$ . A detailed comparison with the traditional Markov Chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) analysis demonstrates the consistency of both methods, while highlighting the competitiveness of the PINN-based THDE framework as a robust, data-driven approach for non-parametric cosmological inference within generalized thermodynamics.

Iran

Muhammad Yarahmadi

Amin Salehi

Towards a machine learning solution for hubble tension: Physics-Informed Neural Network (PINN) analysis of Tsallis Holographic Dark Energy in presence of neutrinos

We study nonthermal resonant leptogenesis in a general setting, where a heavy Majoron <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>ϕ</mi></math> decays to right-handed neutrinos (RHNs) whose further out-of-equilibrium decay generates the required lepton asymmetry. Domination of the energy budget of the Universe by the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>ϕ</mi></math> or the RHNs alters the evolution history of the primordial gravitational waves (GWs) of inflationary origin, which re-enter the horizon after inflation, modifying the spectral shape. The decays of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>ϕ</mi></math> and RHNs release entropy into the early Universe, while nearly degenerate RHNs facilitate low- and intermediate-scale leptogenesis. A characteristic damping of the GW spectrum resulting in kneelike features would provide evidence for low-scale nonthermal leptogenesis. We explore the parameter space for the lightest right-handed neutrino mass <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>M</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo>∈</mo><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>2</mn></msup><mo>,</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>14</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">]</mo><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></math> and washout parameter <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>K</mi></math> that depends on the light-heavy neutrino Yukawa couplings <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>λ</mi></math>, in the weak (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>K</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>1</mn></math>) and strong (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>K</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>1</mn></math>) washout regimes. The resulting novel features compatible with observed baryon asymmetry are detectable by future experiments, like LISA and Einstein Telescope. By estimating the signal-to-noise ratio for upcoming GW experiments, we investigate the effect of the Majoron mass <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>M</mi><mi>ϕ</mi></msub></math> and reheating temperature <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>T</mi><mi>ϕ</mi></msub></math>, which depends on the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>ϕ</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>N</mi></math> Yukawa couplings <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>y</mi><mi>N</mi></msub></math>.

India

Zafri A. Borboruah

Anish Ghoshal

Lekhika Malhotra

Urjit Yajnik

Inflationary gravitational wave spectral shapes as a test for low-scale leptogenesis

A sensitivity of the collider FCC-hh to anomalous quartic gauge couplings (aQGCs) of neutral bosons in lead-lead collisions is studied. Examining diphoton production, the bounds on aQGCs at 5$\textit{σ}$ and 95% C.L. are obtained depending on systematic uncertainties.

S. İnan

A. Kisselev

A search for anomalous quartic gauge couplings in lead-lead collisions at the FCC-hh

A growing number of applications in particle physics and beyond use neural networks as unbinned likelihood ratio estimators applied to real or simulated data. Precision requirements on the inference tasks demand a high-level of stability from these networks, which are affected by the stochastic nature of training. We show how physics concepts can be used to stabilize network training through a physics-inspired optimizer. In particular, the energy conserving descent (ECD) optimization framework uses classical Hamiltonian dynamics on the space of network parameters to reduce the dependence on the initial conditions while also stabilizing the result near the minimum of the loss function. We develop a version of this optimizer known as <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">ECD</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>q</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math>, which has few free hyperparameters with limited ranges guided by physical reasoning. We apply <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="sans-serif">ECD</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>q</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></math> to representative likelihood-ratio estimation tasks in particle physics and find on average that it out-performs the widely used Adam optimizer. We expect that ECD will be a useful tool for wide array of data-limited problems, where it is computationally expensive to exhaustively optimize hyperparameters and mitigate fluctuations with ensembling.

G. Bruno De Luca

Benjamin Nachman

Eva Silverstein

Henry Zheng

Optimizers for stabilizing likelihood-free inference

We revisit the non-Abelian dipole problem in the context of a simple semiclassical approach that incorporates some essential features of the infrared sector of Yang-Mills theories in the Landau gauge, in particular, the fact that both the running coupling and the gluon propagator remain finite at infrared scales and that the latter shows positivity violations that reflects the presence of massless modes. We obtain a simple flux tube solution in a controlled approximation scheme, which we compare to the results of lattice simulations.

Uruguay

Marcela Peláez

France

Urko Reinosa

Julien Serreau

Matthieu Tissier

Nicolás Wschebor

Scenario for quark confinement from infrared safe Yang-Mills dynamics

Light bosonic dark matter fields that can be treated like a classical wave have nonlinear field values close to massive bodies. Here we make the important observation that the quadratic interactions of axion dark matter lead to nonperturbative axion field values for values of the decay constant of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>f</mi><mo>≲</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>13</mn></msup><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></math> and masses <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≲</mo><mn>7</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></msup><mo>/</mo><mi>f</mi><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mrow><mi>eV</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> and generalize this result for axionlike particles. We identify experimental observables impacted by this effect.

Martin Bauer

Sreemanti Chakraborti

Validity of bounds on light axions for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>f</mi><mo>≲</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>13</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></mrow></math>

We study the interaction of a neutron with the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mrow><mi>s</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow><mo>*</mo></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2317</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> resonance and look at the amplitude below threshold and close above threshold. The study is done from the perspective that the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>D</mi><mrow><mi>s</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow><mo>*</mo></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2317</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> resonance is a molecular state of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>D</mi><mi>K</mi></math> in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>I</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>0</mn></math>. To study this interaction, we use the fixed center approximation to Faddeev equations that considers the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>D</mi><mi>K</mi></math> molecule as the cluster and the neutron as the external particle. We improve the fixed center approach to implement elastic unitarity around threshold, which is needed to obtain scattering parameters and to evaluate the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>n</mi><msubsup><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mrow><mi>s</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow><mo>*</mo></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2317</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> correlation function that we determine here. One interesting result of the study is the appearance of a resonant state below threshold with a binding of about 130 MeV and a width of about 80 MeV, which we suggest to look at in reactions measuring the invariant mass of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>π</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math>. The ALICE collaboration has initiated studies of this type, by looking at the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>p</mi><msub><mi>f</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1285</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> correlation function, and we can only encourage work in this direction, which should provide much valuable information on the nature of many resonant states.

Japan

Natsumi Ikeno

Spain

Eulogio Oset

Correlation function for the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>n</mi><msubsup><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mrow><mi>s</mi><mn>0</mn></mrow><mo>*</mo></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2317</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> interaction and the issue of elastic unitarity

The characteristic energy of a relic dark matter interaction with a detector scales strongly with the putative dark matter mass. Consequently, experimental search sensitivity at the lightest masses will always come from interactions whose size is similar to noise fluctuations and low energy backgrounds in the detector. In this paper, we correctly calculate the net change in measured differential event rate due to low rate signal interactions that overlap in time with noise and backgrounds, accounting for both periods of time when the signal is coincident with noise/backgrounds and for the decreased amount of time in which only noise/backgrounds occur and we show that the introduction of random simulated signal events into the continuous raw data stream (a form of “salting”) provides a correct and practical implementation to estimate this net linear signal sensitivity. Unfortunately this does not apply to the situation with non negligible pileups as we show through explicit examples. Consequently, this exclusion technique should be complemented by less sensitive techniques that can separately exclude large rate, high pileup signal parameter space. An analysis threshold above the Gaussian-like noise component of the measured differential rate spectrum should also likely produce conservative limits. Though previous light mass dark matter searches did not correctly account for decreased background only live time effects in their signal sensitivity, conservative analysis choices likely protected their published limits from being nonconservative.

Xinran Li

Matt Pyle

Bernard Sadoulet

Modeling the differential rate for signal interactions in coincidence with noise fluctuations or large rate backgrounds