China

United Kingdom

Wen-Yuan Ai

Malcolm Fairbairn

Ken Mimasu

Tevong You

Erratum: Non-thermal production of heavy vector dark matter from relativistic bubble walls

In the Standard Model (SM), electroweak (EW) corrections become significant at high energies, particularly at the tera-electronvolt scale and beyond, due to the presence of Sudakov logarithms. At these energy scales, the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) framework provides an enhanced sensitivity to potential new physics effects. This motivates the inclusion of EW corrections not only for SM predictions but also for analyses within SMEFT. In this work, we compute EW corrections in the high-energy limit for a selected set of dimension-six operators, specifically the class of four-fermion contact interactions, in key hard-scattering processes relevant to both current and future colliders: top-quark pair production at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and in a muon collider scenario, as well as the Drell-Yan process at the LHC. We first discuss the technical details and challenges associated with evaluating EW Sudakov logarithms in SMEFT, contrasting them with the SM case. We then present phenomenological results for the aforementioned processes, highlighting the non-trivial effects introduced by EW corrections arising from the insertion of dimension-six, four-fermion operators. Importantly, the resulting $\textit{K}$-factors exhibit significant deviations from their SM counterparts, with dependencies not only on the process but also on the specific operators considered. Finally, we explore the potential to lift flat directions in the SMEFT parameter space by incorporating higher-order corrections, using Fisher information techniques.

Hesham El Faham

Italy

Davide Pagani

Claudio Severi

Eleni Vryonidou

Marco Zaro

Electroweak corrections in the SMEFT: four-fermion operators at high energies

Heavy vector boson dark matter at the TeV scale or higher may be produced non-thermally in a first-order phase transition taking place at a lower energy scale. While the production of vector dark matter has previously been studied for bubble wall collisions, here we calculate production by bubble wall expansion in a plasma, which can be the dominant production mechanism. We compute the results numerically and provide an analytical fit for the vector dark matter density. The numerical fit is also validated for scalar dark matter production, obtaining results in agreement with past literature. We find that vector pair production leads to bubble wall friction with a novel boost factor scaling behaviour compared to transition radiation emission of a single vector. We conclude that TeV-scale WIMP vector dark matter can be efficiently produced non-thermally by first-order phase transitions in a wide region of parameter space where thermal freeze-out is inefficient. In this scenario, the phase transition scale is predicted to be in the sub-GeV to $$ \mathcal{O} $$ (10) TeV range and could therefore be accessible to future gravitational wave detectors.

Non-thermal production of heavy vector dark matter from relativistic bubble walls

We study the production of three electroweak gauge bosons at the LHC, in the effective field theory of the standard model, at dimension six and next-to-leading order in QCD. We present results for inclusive cross-sections and differential distributions, finding that these QCD corrections are large, often vary across the phase-space and notably differ from those observed in the standard model. We then explore the potential of the recently observed triboson production processes for improving the sensitivity brought by electroweak precision observables and diboson data. The additional sensitivity we observe is dominated by resonant Higgs boson contributions, with decays to photon pairs in particular. A global analysis including Higgs boson data is therefore needed for a fair assessment of the future reach of triboson measurements on heavy new physics.

Eugenia Celada

Belgium

Gauthier Durieux

Triboson production in the SMEFT

We study the LHC phenomenology of an Axion Like Particle (ALP) that couples only derivatively with the top quark at tree level. We inspect the radiatively induced couplings with the SM fermions and (gauge) bosons and the associated production and decay mechanisms of the ALP. We focus on the most challenging mass window that remains open for a top-philic ALP, i.e., the range between tens and hundreds of GeV. Not only ALP production processes but also virtual ALP contributions to final states with top quarks are considered in detail. We show how searches through resonant production, such as ALP production in association with a   <math> <mi>t</mi> <mover> <mi>t</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> </math>  $$ t\overline{t} $$  pair, are complementary to precision measurements of   <math> <mi>t</mi> <mover> <mi>t</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> </math>  $$ t\overline{t} $$  and   <math> <mi>t</mi> <mover> <mi>t</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mi>t</mi> <mover> <mi>t</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> </math>  $$ t\overline{t}t\overline{t} $$  final states, the latter being competitive or even more powerful for a top-philic ALP in this mass window. Finally, we explore the scenario where the top-philic ALP acts as a mediator to a dark-matter sector, resulting in missing energy signatures at the LHC. We find that the LHC constraints from   <math> <mi>t</mi> <mover> <mi>t</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> </math>  $$ t\overline{t} $$ ,   <math> <mi>t</mi> <mover> <mi>t</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> <mi>t</mi> <mover> <mi>t</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> </math>  $$ t\overline{t}t\overline{t} $$  and ALP + jet production, together with those from   <math> <mi>t</mi> <mover> <mi>t</mi> <mo>¯</mo> </mover> </math>  $$ t\overline{t} $$  + ALP production, can already exclude a large fraction of the parameter space leading to the correct relic abundance.

Germany

Simone Blasi

Fabio Maltoni

Alberto Mariotti

Simone Tentori

Top-philic ALP phenomenology at the LHC: the elusive mass-window

SMEFT Wilson coefficients are subject to various positivity bounds in order to be consistent with the fundamental principles of S-matrix. Previous bounds on dimension-8 SMEFT operators have been obtained using the positivity part of UV partial wave unitarity and form a (projective) convex cone. We derive a set of linear UV unitarity conditions that go beyond positivity and are easy to implement in an optimization scheme with dispersion relations in a multi-field EFT. Using Higgs scattering as an example, we demonstrate how to obtain closed bounds in the space of the three relevant dimension-8 coefficients, making use of the UV unitarity conditions as well as so-called null constraints that arise from full crossing symmetry. Specifically, we show that they are bounded by inequalities schematically going like C &lt;   <math> <mi>O</mi> </math>  $$ \mathcal{O} $$  ((4π)2). We compare the newly obtained upper bounds with the traditional perturbative unitarity bounds from within the EFT, and discuss some phenomenological implications of the two-sided positivity bounds in the context of experimental probes of Vector Boson Scattering.

Qing Chen

United States

Tong Wu

Guo-Dong Zhang

Shuang-Yong Zhou

Capping the positivity cone: dimension-8 Higgs operators in the SMEFT

We point out that an unnatural hierarchy between certain higher-dimensional operator coefficients in a low-energy effective field theory (EFT) would automatically imply that the Higgs’ vacuum expectation value is hierarchically smaller than the EFT cutoff, assuming the EFT emerged from a unitary, causal and local UV completion. Future colliders may have the sensitivity to infer such a pattern of coefficients for a little hierarchy with an EFT cutoff up to <math><mi>O</mi><mo>(</mo><mn>10</mn><mo>)</mo><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>TeV</mi></math>.

Switzerland

Joe Davighi

Scott Melville

Positivity and the electroweak hierarchy

We analyze the constraints obtainable from present data using the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) on extensions of the Standard Model with additional electroweak singlet or triplet scalar fields. We compare results obtained using only contributions that are linear in dimension-6 operator coefficients with those obtained including terms quadratic in these coefficients as well as contributions that are linear in dimension-8 operator coefficients. We also implement theoretical constraints arising from the stability of the electroweak vacuum and perturbative unitarity. Analyzing the models at the dimension-8 level constrains scalar couplings that are not bounded at the dimension-6 level. The strongest experimental constraints on the singlet model are provided by Higgs coupling measurements, whereas electroweak precision observables provide the strongest constraints on the triplet model. In the singlet model the present di-Higgs constraints already play a significant role. We find that the current constraints on model parameters are already competitive with those anticipated from future di- and tri-Higgs measurements. We compare our results with calculations in the full model, exhibiting the improvements when higher-order SMEFT terms are included. We also identify regions in parameter space where the SMEFT approximation appears to break down. We find that the combination of current constraints with the theoretical bounds still admits regions where the SMEFT approach is not valid, particularly for lower scalar boson masses.

John Ellis

Francesca Zampedri

Dimension-8 SMEFT analysis of minimal scalar field extensions of the Standard Model

Moments of the leptonic angular distribution in the Drell-Yan process have recently been shown to be sensitive probes of a specific class of dimension-8, four-fermion operators in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory, involving a pair of quarks and leptons. The same operators are also subject to positivity bounds, when requiring the associated (unknown) UV completion to obey basic principles of quantum field theory. We perform a phenomenological study to quantify the sensitivity of the high-luminosity LHC to this set of operators and, by extension, the positivity bounds. We further extend the angular basis of moments and consider double differential information to improve the ability to disentangle the different operators, leading to a sensitivity to new physics scales up to 3 TeV. We use this information to explore the violation of positivity at the LHC as a way to test the underlying principles of quantum field theory. Finally, we present a case study which combines our results with information from other (current and prospective) experiments, as well as the positivity cone to infer the properties of possible tree-level UV completions. The data lead to robust, model-independent lower bounds on the   <math> <mi>M</mi> <mo>/</mo> <msqrt> <mi>g</mi> </msqrt> </math>  $$ M/\sqrt{g} $$  combination of the particle mass and coupling, for states that couple to right-handed leptons and/or up quarks.

Xu Li

South Korea

Kimiko Yamashita

Chengjie Yang

Cen Zhang

Moments for positivity: using Drell-Yan data to test positivity bounds and reverse-engineer new physics

We use the Fitmaker tool to incorporate the recent CDF measurement of m  W  in a global fit to electroweak, Higgs, and diboson data in the Standard Model Effective Field Theory (SMEFT) including dimension-6 operators at linear order. We find that including any one of the SMEFT operators   <math> <mi>O</mi> </math>  $$ \mathcal{O} $$   HWB ,   <math> <mi>O</mi> </math>  $$ \mathcal{O} $$   HD ,   <math> <mi>O</mi> </math>  $$ \mathcal{O} $$  ℓℓ or   <math> <msubsup> <mi>O</mi> <mrow> <mi>H</mi> <mi>ℓ</mi> </mrow> <mfenced> <mn>3</mn> </mfenced> </msubsup> </math>  $$ {\mathcal{O}}_{H\ell}^{(3)} $$  with a non-zero coefficient could provide a better fit than the Standard Model, with the strongest pull for   <math> <mi>O</mi> </math>  $$ \mathcal{O} $$   HD  and no tension with other electroweak precision data. We then analyse which tree-level single-field extensions of the Standard Model could generate such operator coefficients with the appropriate sign, and discuss the masses and couplings of these fields that best fit the CDF measurement and other data. In particular, the global fit favours either a singlet Z′ vector boson, a scalar electroweak triplet with zero hypercharge, or a vector electroweak triplet with unit hypercharge, followed by a singlet heavy neutral lepton, all with masses in the multi-TeV range for unit coupling.