We study a dark gauge boson $\textit{Z′}$ that exclusively couples to the QCD gluons through higher dimensional operators. These operators are generated from integrating out of heavy ultraviolet resonances carrying both QCD and dark gauge charges. With $\textit{SU}$(3) gauge invariance, charge and parity symmetries preserved, we find that the leading effective operators are restricted to have the form of $\textit{Z′GGG}$ and $\textit{Z′Z′GG}$ at dimension-eight, which can naturally render the $\textit{Z′}$ particle long-lived, and serve as a viable dark matter candidate. We investigate the phenomenology of these operators with both collider experiments and cosmological observation, without and with the assumption that this dark gauge boson plays the role of the dominant dark matter component. For an unstable $\textit{Z′}$, we show that depending on its lifetime, it can be probed by various observables up to ultraviolet physics scale around 10 GeV. For $\textit{Z′}$ being dark matter, we find that $$ {m}_{Z^{\prime }}\gtrsim 1 $$ TeV is consistent with the thermal freeze-out scenario. In contrast, in the freeze-in scenario, the extremely small couplings leave the relevant parameter space largely unconstrained by current experiments.

China

Xiaoyong Chu

Qiyuan Gao

United States

Hongkai Liu

Teng Ma

Chengjie Yang

Heavy long-lived dark vector via a gluonic portal

Germany

Marzieh Bahmani

Alessandro Guida

Maral Khandan

Heiko Lacker

Anupama Reghunath

Erratum to: Techniques for mass peak reconstruction in searches for long-lived heavy neutral leptons decaying to a lepton and a $$\rho $$ meson

<p>In this work, we compute the graviton mediated scattering amplitude of a massive spin-2 Fierz-Pauli field with various other massive spin fields, and in the nonrelativistic limit, find out the corresponding two-body gravitational potentials. The massive spin-2 field does not represent gravity here. The theory of gravity is taken to be the usual massless general relativity, and the massive spin-2 field is taken as a test quantum field coupled to gravity via the standard minimal prescription. We first compute the tree level 2-2 scattering of a massive spin-2 field with massive scalar, spin-1, and spin-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math> fields with one graviton exchange. Leading Newton potential, as well as the subleading spin or polarization dependent terms at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>G</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> have been computed. We also consider the next to the leading order [<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>G</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>] scattering of the massive spin-2 field with a massive scalar, and demonstrate the spin independent, spherically symmetric leading part of the two body gravitational potential. The present paper can be considered as an attempt to compute the gravitational potential in the context of a higher spin field theory.</p>

India

Avijit Sen Majumder

Sourav Bhattacharya

Scattering of massive spin-2 field via graviton exchanges with different spin fields and the long range gravitational potential

In the type-I two-Higgs-doublet model, the pseudoscalar $\textit{A}$ can act as a long-lived particle (LLP) for sufficiently large values of tan $\textit{β}$. At the LHC, the $\textit{A}$ particles are predominantly produced in pairs through $\textit{pp}$ → $\textit{W}$ /$\textit{Z}$ → $\textit{H}$ /$\textit{H A}$, with subsequent decays $\textit{H}$ /$\textit{H}$ → $\textit{W}$ /$\textit{Z A}$. For the mass range of our interest, 10 GeV ≲ $\textit{m}$ ≲ 100 GeV, the pseudoscalar $\textit{A}$ typically decays into a pair of bottom quarks after traveling a macroscopic distance from its production point, giving rise to displaced-vertex (DV) signatures inside the inner detector. We perform Monte Carlo simulations of signal events with DVs plus jets, and assess the discovery prospects of $\textit{A}$ as an LLP at the ATLAS and CMS experiments. Our findings show that a substantial portion of the parameter space with $\textit{m}$ > 10 GeV has already been excluded by LHC Run-2 data, while the high-luminosity LHC will be able to probe broader regions.

Lei Wang

Zeren Wang

Haotian Xu

Probing a long-lived pseudoscalar in type-I 2HDM with displaced vertices and jets at the LHC

We explore the signals of a scenario in which the composite states of a strongly coupled hidden sector couple to the Standard Model through the neutrino portal, giving rise to the neutrino masses. We consider a framework in which the hidden sector is conformal in the ultraviolet and the compositeness scale lies below the weak scale. If the lightest composite state in the hidden sector is a scalar, its decay rate back to the Standard Model is suppressed by angular momentum considerations and can naturally be small, giving rise to long-lived particle signals. We determine the current constraints on this class of models and explore the reach of future collider and beam dump searches. We find that FASER, SHiP, and Belle II can potentially probe a significant part of the unexplored parameter space.

Aqeel Ahmed

Zackaria Chacko

Niral Desai

Sanket Doshi

Can Kilic

Saereh Najjari

Ram Sudha

Long-lived-particle signals of a composite hidden sector through the neutrino portal

Right-handed neutrinos are naturally induced by dark extra dimension models and play an essential role in neutrino oscillations. The model parameters can be examined by the long-baseline neutrino oscillation experiments. In this work, we compute the predicted neutrino oscillation spectra within/without extra dimension models and compare them with the experimental data. We find that the neutrino data in the T2K and NOvA experiments are compatible with the standard neutrino oscillation hypothesis. The results set the stringent exclusion limit on the extra dimension model parameters at a high confidence level. The derived constraints on dark dimension right-handed neutrinos are complementary to those results from the collider experiments and cosmological observations.

Ai-Yu Bai

Thailand

Auttakit Chatrabhuti

Yin-Yuan Huang

Hiroshi Isono

Jian Tang

Dark dimension right-handed neutrinos confronted with long-baseline oscillation experiments

<p>We determine the parametric conditions (pulse strength and duration) under which Schwinger’s prediction for the pair-creation current—and therefore the probability—is significantly altered.</p>

Russia

E.T. Akhmedov

P.S. Zavgorodny

Does Schwinger’s value for the current of created pairs get modified for a long and strong enough pulse?

A search for long-lived particles using final states including a displaced vertex with low-momentum tracks, large missing transverse momentum, and a jet from initial-state radiation is presented. This search uses proton-proton collision data at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV collected by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC in 2017 and 2018, with a total integrated luminosity of 100 fb . This analysis adopts specific supersymmetric (SUSY) coannihilation scenarios as benchmark signal models, characterized by a next-to-lightest SUSY particle (NLSP) with a mass difference of less than 25 GeV relative to the lightest SUSY particle, assumed to be a bino-like neutralino. In the top squark $$ \left(\overset{\sim }{\mathrm{t}}\right) $$ NLSP model, the NLSP is a long-lived $$ \overset{\sim }{\mathrm{t}} $$ , while in the bino-wino NLSP scenario, the mass-degenerate NLSPs are a wino-like long-lived neutralino and a short-lived chargino. The search excludes top squarks with masses less than 400–1100 GeV and wino-like neutralinos with masses less than 220–550 GeV, depending on the signal parameters, including the mass difference, mass, and lifetime of the long-lived particle. It sets the most stringent limits to date for the $$ \overset{\sim }{\mathrm{t}} $$ and bino-wino NLSP models.

Armenia

A. Hayrapetyan

V. Makarenko

A. Tumasyan

Austria

W. Adam

J. Andrejkovic

L. Benato

T. Bergauer

M. Dragicevic

C. Giordano

A. Güven

P. Hussain

M. Jeitler

N. Krammer

A. Li

D. Liko

M. Matthewman

I. Mikulec

J. Schieck

D. Schwarz

R. Schöfbeck

M. Shooshtari

M. Sonawane

W. Waltenberger

C.E. Wulz

Belgium

T. Janssen

H. Kwon

D. Ocampo Henao

T. Laer

P. Mechelen

J. Bierkens

N. Breugelmans

J. D’Hondt

S. Dansana

A. Moor

M. Delcourt

F. Heyen

Y. Hong

P. Kashko

S. Lowette

I. Makarenko

D. Müller

J. Song

S. Tavernier

M. Tytgat

G. Onsem

S. Putte

D. Vannerom

B. Bilin

B. Clerbaux

A. Das

I. Bruyn

G. Lentdecker

H. Evard

L. Favart

P. Gianneios

A. Khalilzadeh

F. Khan

A. Malara

M. Shahzad

L. Thomas

M. Bemden

C. Vander Velde

P. Vanlaer

F. Zhang

M. Coen

D. Dobur

G. Gokbulut

J. Knolle

D. Marckx

K. Skovpen

A. Tomaru

N. Bossche

J. Linden

J. Vandenbroeck

L. Wezenbeek

S. Bein

A. Benecke

A. Bethani

G. Bruno

A. Cappati

J. De Favereau De Jeneret

C. Delaere

A. Giammanco

A. Guzel

V. Lemaitre

J. Lidrych

P. Malek

P. Mastrapasqua

S. Turkcapar

Brazil

G. Alves

M. Barroso Ferreira Filho

E. Coelho

C. Hensel

T. Menezes De Oliveira

C. Mora Herrera

P. Rebello Teles

M. Soeiro

E. Tonelli Manganote

A. Vilela Pereira

W. Aldá Júnior

Search for long-lived particles using displaced vertices with low-momentum tracks in proton-proton collisions at $$ \sqrt{s}=13 $$ TeV

<list id='lst0002'><list-item id='lstitem0001'><label>&#8226;</label><para id='p0002'>410&#8211;8800&#8239;MHz radio flux provides the most reliable tracers of coronal rotation.</para></list-item><list-item id='lstitem0002'><label>&#8226;</label><para id='p0003'>Radio-derived coronal rotation varies non-monotonically with frequency/height.</para></list-item><list-item id='lstitem0003'><label>&#8226;</label><para id='p0004'>The fastest mean rotation is found in the mid-frequency bands around 2695&#8211;4995&#8239;MHz.</para></list-item><list-item id='lstitem0004'><label>&#8226;</label><para id='p0005'>The SC23-24 jitter may reflect Modern Maximum decay and coronal evolution.</para></list-item></list>

Chunhui Wang

Linhua Deng

Tingting Xu

Miao Wan

Kunyan Wang

Jing Jiang

Jinglan Xie

Long-term temporal variations of solar coronal rotation from 1976 to 2019

A search is presented for massive long-lived particles in events featuring at least one displaced vertex and at least one displaced muon, using proton–proton collision data collected by the ATLAS detector at the Large Hadron Collider from 2022 to 2024 at a centre-of-mass energy of 13.6 TeV. The data sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of 164 fb <math altimg='si22.svg'><msup><mrow /><mrow><mo>&#8722;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math>. The analysis targets scenarios in which long-lived particles decay inside the ATLAS inner detector, resulting in a topology of at least one massive, displaced vertex (DV) with multiple associated tracks, and at least one muon with a large transverse impact parameter relative to the primary interaction point. The muon is not required to be associated with the DV. Two signal regions are defined by the transverse distance of the reconstructed DV from the interaction point. Background contributions are estimated by using fully data-driven techniques. No significant excess above the expected background is observed. Upper limits at 95% confidence level are set on the visible cross-section and on the production cross-sections of several benchmark models of <italic>R</italic>-parity-violating supersymmetry.

France

G. Aad

Norway

E. Aakvaag

B. Abbott

United Arab Emirates

S. Abdelhameed

K. Abeling

N.J. Abicht

S.H. Abidi

M. Aboelela

Morocco

A. Aboulhorma

Israel

H. Abramowicz

Italy

B.S. Acharya

A. Ackermann

C. Adam Bourdarios

Poland

L. Adamczyk

S.V. Addepalli

United Kingdom

M.J. Addison

J. Adelman

Türkiye

A. Adiguzel

T. Adye

A.A. Affolder

Y. Afik

Spain

M.N. Agaras

A. Aggarwal

Romania

C. Agheorghiesei

A. Ahmad

F. Ahmadov

Search for massive, long-lived particles in events with displaced vertices and displaced muons in <italic>pp</italic> collisions at <math altimg='si21.svg'><mrow><msqrt><mi>s</mi></msqrt><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>=</mo><mn>13.6</mn></mrow></math> TeV with the ATLAS experiment