Atom interferometers offer exceptional sensitivity to ultralight dark matter (ULDM) by precisely measuring effects on atomic systems. Previous studies have demonstrated their capability to detect scalar and vector ULDM candidates, yet their potential for probing spin-2 ULDM remains unexplored. In this work, we address this gap by investigating the sensitivity of atom interferometers to spin-2 ULDM across several frameworks for massive gravity, including the Lorentz-invariant Fierz-Pauli case and two distinct Lorentz-violating scenarios. We show that coherent oscillations of the spin-2 ULDM field induce measurable phase shifts in atom interferometers through three coupling mechanisms; scalar interactions that modify atomic energy levels, and vector and tensor effects that alter the propagation of both atoms and light. We demonstrate that these multifaceted interactions enable atom interferometers to probe a range of ULDM properties and mass scales that are inaccessible to laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors. Our results establish the potential of atom interferometers to open a new experimental frontier for spin-2 dark matter detection.

Spain

Diego Blas

United Kingdom

John Carlton

Christopher McCabe

Massive graviton dark matter searches with long-baseline atom interferometers

This paper investigates the search for long-lived dark scalars from exotic Higgs boson decays at the Future Circular Collider in its $\textit{e}$ $\textit{e}$ stage, FCC-ee, considering an integrated luminosity of 10$\textit{.}$8 ab collected during the ZH run at a center-of-mass energy $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 240 GeV. The work considers $\textit{Zh}$ events where the $\textit{Z}$ boson decays leptonically and the Higgs boson $\textit{h}$ decays into two long-lived dark scalars $\textit{s}$ which further decay into bottom anti-bottom quark pairs. The analysis is performed using a parametrized simulation of the IDEA detector concept and targets dark scalar decays in the tracking volume, resulting in multiple displaced vertices in the final state. The sensitivity towards long-lived dark scalars at FCC-ee is estimated using an event selection requiring two opposite-charge, same-flavor leptons compatible with the $\textit{Z}$ boson, and at least two displaced vertices in the final state. The selection is seen to efficiently remove the Standard Model background, while retaining sensitivity for dark scalar masses between $\textit{m}$ = 20 GeV and $\textit{m}$ = 60 GeV and mean proper lifetimes $\textit{cτ}$ between approximately 10 mm and 10 m. The results show that the search strategy has potential to probe Higgs to dark scalar branching ratios as low as 10 for a mean proper lifetime $\textit{cτ}$ ≈ 1 m. The results provide the first sensitivity estimate for exotic Higgs decays at FCC-ee with the IDEA detector concept, using the common FCC framework.

Sweden

G. Ripellino

M. Voorde

A. Gallén

R. Suarez

Searching for long-lived dark scalars at the FCC-ee

We present the first calculation of the connected scalar matrix element and the momentum fraction of the charm quark within the ${3}/{2}^{+}$ and ${3}/{2}^{-}$ triply charmed baryons on lattice QCD. The results are based on overlap valence fermions on two ensembles of $ N_f=2+1 $ domain wall fermion configurations with two lattice spacings. The corresponding sea quark pion masses are 300 MeV and 278 MeV. The separated contributions to the triply charmed baryon mass are derived through the decomposition of the QCD energy-momentum tensor. The contribution of the connected charm quark matrix element to the triply charmed baryon is about 3/2 times that of the charmonium, and it is almost 70% of the total mass. The mass splitting of ${3}/{2}^{+}$ and ${3}/{2}^{-}$ triply charmed baryons is mainly from the $ \langle H_{E}\rangle $ of the QCD energy-momentum tensor. A mass decomposition based on the quark model is also studied for comparison.

China

Jin-Bo Li

Long-Cheng Gui

Wen Qin

Wei Sun

Jian Liang

Triply charmed baryons mass decomposition from lattice QCD * Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12175036, 11935017, 12175073, 12205311, 12222503), the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province, China (2023JJ30380, 2024JJ6300), the Department of Education Foundation of Hunan Province, China (20A310, 22B0044), and the Major Project of Basic and Applied Basic Research of Guangdong Province, China (2020B0301030008)

We provide the first ab initio calculation of the Euclidean long-distance window of the isospin-symmetric light-quark connected contribution to the hadronic vacuum polarization for the muon <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></math> and find <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>LD</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>iso</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>conn</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>ud</mi></mrow></msubsup><mo>=</mo><mn>411.4</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>4.3</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2.4</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>10</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>. We also provide the currently most precise calculation of the total isospin-symmetric light-quark connected contribution, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>iso</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>conn</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>ud</mi></mrow></msubsup><mo>=</mo><mn>666.2</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>4.3</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2.5</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>10</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> in the BMW20 world, which is more than <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>4</mn><mi>σ</mi></mrow></math> larger compared to the data-driven estimates of Boito et al. [<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.107.074001">Phys. Rev. D 107, 074001 (2023)</a>] and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>1.7</mn><mi>σ</mi></mrow></math> larger compared to the lattice QCD result of BMW20.

United States

T. Blum

P.A. Boyle

Italy

M. Bruno

B. Chakraborty

CERN

F. Erben

V. Gülpers

Germany

A. Hackl

N. Hermansson-Truedsson

R.C. Hill

T. Izubuchi

L. Jin

C. Jung

C. Lehner

J. McKeon

A.S. Meyer

M. Tomii

J.T. Tsang

X.Y. Tuo

Long-Distance Window of the Hadronic Vacuum Polarization for the Muon <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></math>

Electron antineutrinos are emitted in the decay chains of the fission products inside a reactor core and could be used for remote monitoring of nuclear reactors. The DANSS detector is placed under the core of the 3.1 GW power reactor at the Kalinin Nuclear Power Plant (KNPP) and collects up to 5000 antineutrino events per day. DANSS measured changes of the reactor power by antineutrino counting rates over 7 years with 1.0% accuracy in one week periods. The fission fractions of four major isotopes for the reactor power calculations were provided by KNPP. The systematic uncertainty of this measurement is less than 0.8%. It is comparable to the accuracy of conventional methods of the reactor power measurements while it is based on completely different approach. For the first time the 239Pu and 235U fission fractions were reconstructed using antineutrino inverse beta-decay spectrum which is a completely new technique. This method was applied to the data from three reactor fuel campaigns (approximately 1.5 year each). The reconstructed fission fractions in about two-week measurements and the fission fractions provided by KNPP coincide within better than 3% accuracy. This provides confidence in both completely different approaches of the fission fraction determination.

Russia

I. Alekseev

V. Belov

A. Bystryakov

M. Danilov

D. Filosofov

M. Fomina

P. Gorovtsov

Ye. Iusko

S. Kazartsev

V. Khvatov

S. Kiselev

A. Kobyakin

A. Krapiva

A. Kuznetsov

I. Machikhiliyan

N. Mashin

D. Medvedev

V. Nesterov

D. Ponomarev

I. Rozova

N. Rumyantseva

V. Rusinov

A. Salamatin

E. Samigullin

Ye. Shevchik

M. Shirchenko

Czechia

Yu. Shitov

N. Skrobova

D. Svirida

E. Tarkovsky

E. Yakushev

I. Zhitnikov

A. Yakovleva

D. Zinatulina

Long term remote reactor power and fuel composition monitoring using antineutrinos

We explore, for the first time, $\textit{neutral-current}$ events at long-baseline experiments to constrain vector and axial-vector neutrino non-standard interactions (NSI) with quarks. We leverage the flavor dependence of NSIs to perform an oscillation analysis in the neutral- current channel. We first introduce a framework to parametrize the effect of NSI on the cross section. Then, as an example, we analyze NOvA neutral-current data which provides significantly improved constraints on the axial-vector NSI parameters $$ {\varepsilon}_{\mu \mu}^A $$ $\textit{,}$ $$ {\varepsilon}_{\tau \tau}^A $$ and $$ {\varepsilon}_{e\mu}^A $$ . This is highly complementary to constraints from SNO data, which, differently from long-baseline neutral current data, is not sensitive to isospin conserving NSIs $$ {\varepsilon}_u^A $$ = $$ {\varepsilon}_d^A $$ . Additionally, we disfavor large values of the diagonal vectorial NSI $$ {\varepsilon}_{\mu \mu}^{VV} $$ and $$ {\varepsilon}_{\tau \tau}^V $$ which originate from the LMA-Dark solution. We also highlight the complementarity between NSI searches at oscillation experiments using charged current and neutral current channels.

Julia Gehrlein

Pedro Machado

João Pinheiro

Constraining non-standard neutrino interactions with neutral current events at long-baseline oscillation experiments

In neutrino long-baseline experiments the energy of the incoming neutrino must be reconstructed from observations of the final state. We first discuss the problems that arise for energy conservation during the final-state interactions in a momentum-dependent potential. We then show, for the example of the Deep Underground Neutrino Experiment, that the presence of such a potential is necessarily connected with a large uncertainty in the reconstructed energy. This same uncertainty also affects the determination of energy- and four-momentum transfers in neutrino-nucleus reactions. We analyze the origins of these uncertainties using transport theory for the description of the evolution of the final state of the reaction. We show that the spectral functions of target nuclei play an essential role not only for the initial neutrino-nucleon interaction but also for the final state evolution.

K. Gallmeister

U. Mosel

Calorimetric analysis for long-baseline neutrino experiments

We calculate quasinormal modes and gray-body factors of a massive scalar field in the background of three compact objects in the Weyl gravity: Schwarzschild-like back holes, known as Mannheim–Kazanas solution, non-Schwrazschild-like black holes and traversable wormholes found recently in (Jizba and Mudruňka in Phys Rev D 110(12):124006, 2024, , [gr-qc]). We show that the spectrum of the massive field is qualitatively different from massless o ne both in the frequency and time domains. While the mass term leads to much longer lifetime of the modes, the arbitrarily long-lived modes, known as quasi-resonances, are not achieved.

B. Lütfüoğlu

Long-lived quasinormal modes and gray-body factors of black holes and wormholes in dark matter inspired Weyl gravity

Long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) offer significant insights into cosmology due to their high energy emissions and the potential to probe the early universe. The Amati relation, which links the intrinsic peak energy to the isotropic energy, is crucial for understanding their cosmological applications. This study investigates the redshift-driven heterogeneity of the Amati correlation in long GRBs. We analyzed 221 long GRBs with redshifts from 0.034 to 8.2, dividing them by redshift thresholds of 1.5 and 2. Using Bayesian marginalization and Reichart's likelihood approach, we found significant differences in the Amati parameters between low and high redshift subgroups. These variations, differing by approximately 2 <italic>&#963;</italic> at <math altimg='si1.svg'><mi>z</mi><mo linebreak='goodbreak' linebreakstyle='after'>=</mo><mn>1.5</mn></math> and more than 1 <italic>&#963;</italic> at <math altimg='si2.svg'><mi>z</mi><mo linebreak='goodbreak' linebreakstyle='after'>=</mo><mn>2</mn></math>, suggest an evolution in the GRB population with redshift, possibly reflecting changes in host galaxy properties. The Akaike and Bayesian Information Criteria also confirm these results. However, selection effects and instrumental biases may also contribute to it. Our results challenge the assumption of the Amati relation's universality and underscore the need for larger datasets and more precise measurements from upcoming missions like Transient High-Energy Sky and Early Universe Surveyor (THESEUS), and enhanced X-ray Timing and Polarimetry mission (eXTP) to refine our understanding of GRB physics.

India

Darshan Singh

Meghendra Singh

Dinkar Verma

Kanhaiya Lal Pandey

Shashikant Gupta

Does the Amati correlation exhibit redshift-driven heterogeneity in long GRBs?

Dark matter has been theorized to be charged under its own “dark electromagnetism” (dark-EM). Under this hypothesis, dark matter can behave like a cold collisionless plasma of self-interacting dark matter particles and exhibit plasmalike instabilities with observational consequences. Using the results published in [<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevE.105.035204">Phys. Rev. E 105, 035204 (2022)</a>], which studied the degree of slowdown between two interpenetrating <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></math> plasma clouds due to plasma instabilities, estimates of similar interactions for colliding “dark plasmas” are explored. Comparison with astronomical observations reveals strong new constraints on dark-EM with the dark electromagnetic self-interaction <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>α</mi><mi>D</mi></msub><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>4</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>25</mn></mrow></msup></math>.

Portugal

K. Schoeffler

N. Shukla

L.O. Silva

Can plasma physics establish a significant bound on long-range dark matter interactions?