Several possible excesses around $ 95 $ GeV hint at an additional light scalar beyond the Standard Model. We examine the capability of the Circular Electron-Positron Collider (CEPC) to test this hypothesis in the Higgs-strahlung channel $ e^{+}e^{-} \to ZS $ with $ Z \to\mu^{+}\mu^{-} $ and $ S \to\tau^{+}\tau^{-} $ . A full detector simulation shows that the optimal center-of-mass energy for studying the 95 GeV light scalar is 210 GeV. A deep neural network classifier reduces the luminosity required for discovery by half. At $ L = 20\; \mathrm{ab}^{-1} $ , the $ 5\sigma $ sensitivity of the CEPC to the signal strength $ \mu_{\tau\tau}^{ZS} $ reaches 0.016 and 0.020 for $ \sqrt{s} = 210 $ GeV and 240 GeV, respectively. The corresponding thresholds for a 5% precision measurement are $ \mu_{\tau\tau}^{ZS} \gt 0.10 $ and $ \gt 0.12 $ . At $ \sqrt{s}=210 $ GeV (240 GeV), the $ 5\sigma $ coverage of all N2HDM-Flipped samples with $ \chi^2_{h_{95}} \lt 7.82 $ requires $ L=800\ \mathrm{fb}^{-1} $ (1.22 $ \mathrm{ab}^{-1} $ ). These results establish a 210 GeV run, augmented by machine-learning selection, as the most efficient strategy to confirm or refute the 95 GeV excess at future lepton colliders.

China

Yabo Dong

Manqi Ruan

Kun Wang

Haijun Yang

Jingya Zhu

Testing a 95 GeV Scalar at the CEPC with Machine Learning * This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 12275066 and by the startup research funds of Henan University. The work of K. Wang was also supported by the Open Project of the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Cosmology under Grant No. 22DZ2229013-3. The work of M. Ruan was also supported by the National Key Program for S&T Research and Development under Contract No. 2024YFA1610603. The work of H. Yang was also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. W2441004.

We consider near-extremal membranes embedded in M-theory, consistently truncated to gauged $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 supergravity in four dimensions on the coset space $\textit{M}$ . These are holographically dual to 2+1 dimensional superconformal gauge theory with U(1) × U(1) global symmetry. Turning on the chemical potential to either the $\textit{R}$-symmetry or the baryonic symmetry gives access to the quantum critical regime of the boundary gauge theory. We study perturbative stability of the extremal limit, and demonstrate that membranes with topological (baryonic) charge are free from all known instabilities. $\textit{R}$-charged membranes are free from the superconducting instabilities, but have unstable charge transport and instabilities associated with the condensation of the axions.

Canada

Alex Buchel

Switzerland

Ruben Monten

Near-extremal membranes in M-theory

We present a non-singular, definition-level formulation of F-theory by replacing the traditional shrinking-fiber limit of M-theory with compactification on a tower-completed circle described using perfectoid geometry and condensed mathematics. This construction provides an intrinsic eleven-dimensional carrier for modular data and admits a canonical tilting and comparison procedure that yields elliptic geometry as an output rather than an auxiliary input. Using this framework, we establish a precise M-theory/Type IIB dictionary in the constant-coupling sector, showing how the physical axio-dilaton is fixed by eleven-dimensional geometric and topological data. The correspondence is tested at the level of the ten-dimensional bosonic effective action, including its topological couplings inherited from eleven dimensions. The tower-completed geometry naturally organizes global sectors in generalized cohomology, with charge data governed by K-theory and exhibiting a canonical prime-power torsion structure. We further show how this framework extends to varying-coupling backgrounds and duality defects, admits a natural adelic completion with prime-independence, and generalizes to higher-rank and U-duality geometries. We also discuss holographic aspects and the anomaly-refined extension of the duality group beyond the bosonic truncation. Together, these results provide a coherent, non-singular foundation for F-theory and its extensions.

Arshid Shabir

Indonesia

Bobby Eka Gunara

United Kingdom

Belgium

Mir Faizal

A perfectoid duality between M-theory and F-theory

We use equivariant localization and holography to study four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$ superconformal field theories arising from M5-branes wrapped on a punctured Riemann surface. We explain how, given a Riemann surface with marked points, one can glue in a “puncture geometry” locally around each point. Using equivariant localization we show that the central charge consists of a bulk contribution plus localized puncture contributions. We recover and generalize the known results for locally $$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$ preserving punctures, and derive new results for genuinely locally $$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$ preserving punctures.

Christopher Couzens

Alice Lüscher

James Sparks

Localizing punctures in M-theory

The Galactic Center excess (GCE) of GeV <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>γ</mi></math> rays may hint at dark matter (DM), yet its origin remains debated. Motivated by this, we survey weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) models that can fit the GCE while satisfying relic-density, direct-detection (DD), and indirect-detection (ID) bounds. We group candidates into hadronic (Higgs portals; simplified scalar/vector mediators), leptonic [<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>U</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mrow><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>j</mi></msub></mrow></msub></math>], and mixed [<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>U</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>L</mi></mrow></msub></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi></math>-portal] classes. Across all cases, present DD and dwarf-spheroidal <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>γ</mi></math>-ray limits exclude wide regions, leaving mainly narrow resonant funnels with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>m</mi><mrow><mi>DM</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≃</mo><msub><mi>m</mi><mrow><mi>med</mi></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></math> and portal couplings <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>≪</mo><mn>1</mn></math>. In hadronic setups, scalar and vector Higgs portals survive only in a thin strip near <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>h</mi></msub><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>≃</mo><mn>62.5</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></math> with portal couplings <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>∼</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></math>, while the Dirac Higgs and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi></math> portals are essentially excluded. The UV-complete vector Higgs portal retains resonant bands whose viable portal strength depends on the mixing angle. Simplified scalars allow small windows for complex-scalar or vector DM; Dirac DM is strongly disfavored, whereas a pseudoscalar with Dirac DM remains viable over a broader parameter range. For a simplified <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>Z</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></math> mediator, a pure vector coupling leaves only a marginal region, while pure axial is excluded by DD/ID bounds. In leptonic scenarios, inverse-Compton emission is essential: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>μ</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></math> (and, to a lesser extent, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>L</mi></math>) fits the GCE with near-thermal cross sections, while <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>μ</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>τ</mi></msub></math> is disfavored. Overall, viable WIMP explanations are constrained to the finely tuned resonant regime, with leptophilic vectors and pseudoscalar portals emerging as the most robust options.

United States

Chuiyang Kong

Italy

Mattia Di Mauro

Comprehensive study of WIMP models explaining the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>F</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi></math>-LAT Galactic Center excess

We study the decomposition of 4d $$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$ gauge theories with Lie algebras of type $$ \mathfrak{su}(N) $$ , $$ \mathfrak{so}(2N) $$ , and $$ {\mathfrak{e}}_6 $$ , realized via M-theory geometric engineering. These theories, together with their novel decomposition structure, arise from quotienting the Bryant-Salamon spin bundle over the 3-sphere by special finite subgroups acting simultaneously on both the fiber and base. We show that these gauge theories admit both inner and outer automorphisms, enabling sequences of gauge theory breaking. In particular, outer automorphisms extend the decomposition structure to theories with $$ \mathfrak{so}\left(2N+1\right) $$ , $$ \mathfrak{sp}(2N) $$ , $$ {\mathfrak{f}}_4 $$ , and $$ {\mathfrak{g}}_2 $$ gauge algebras. For these theories, including both simply-laced and non-simply-laced cases, we analyze their $\textit{p}$-form symmetries, including (−1)-form symmetries, derive the corresponding SymTFTs, and identify the M-theoretic origin of their symmetry topological operators and defects. Finally, we demonstrate that these gauge theories exhibit modified instanton sums and higher 4-group structures, and we derive the associated topological sector directly from M-theory.

Osama Khlaif

Marwan Najjar

Aspects of 4d $$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$ $\textit{ADE}$ gauge theories from M-theory: decomposition, automorphisms, and generalised symmetries

Motivated by the recently obtained Hadrons to Atomic nuclei from Lattice QCD potentials for the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>N</mi><mtext>−</mtext><mi>ϕ</mi></mrow></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>N</mi><mtext>−</mtext><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></mrow></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>N</mi><mtext>−</mtext><msub><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math> interactions, we investigate the structure of the exotic nuclei <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>Be</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>Be</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><mrow><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>Be</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><msub><mi>η</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow></math> as <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>α</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>α</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>M</mi></math> three-body systems (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>M</mi></math> denotes the meson). The bound and resonant states are calculated consistently using the Gaussian expansion method, with resonances identified via the complex scaling method. For the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>α</mi><mi>ϕ</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>α</mi></math>-charmonium interactions, a folding potential is constructed based on the Hadrons to Atomic nuclei from Lattice (HAL) QCD potentials and fitted to a Woods-Saxon form. We find that the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>ϕ</mi></math> meson exhibits a strong “gluelike” effect, binding the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mn>0</mn><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mn>2</mn><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mn>4</mn><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></math> resonant states of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>Be</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow></math> into stable states and significantly reducing the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>α</mi><mtext>−</mtext><mi>α</mi></mrow></math> distance. In contrast, the interactions of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>η</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math> with the nucleus are weaker, forming only shallow bound states with the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mn>0</mn><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></math> state of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>Be</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow></math> and even increasing the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>α</mi><mtext>−</mtext><mi>α</mi></mrow></math> separation. Notably, our analysis predicts weakly bound <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>α</mi><mtext>−</mtext><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></mrow></math> states in the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math> channels, a result not reported in prior studies, which suggests that <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>Be</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><mrow><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></math> may not be a Borromean nucleus. The sensitivity of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>Be</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msubsup><mn>4</mn><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> state—transitioning from bound to resonant depending on the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>α</mi></math>-particle radius—highlights the subtle dynamics at play. These results provide a systematic theoretical comparison of how different vector mesons modify nuclear clustering, offering critical predictions for future experimental searches of such exotic hadron-nucleus systems.

Hao Zhou

Xiang Liu

Three-body resonances of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>α</mi><mi>α</mi><mi>M</mi></math> clusters (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>M</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>ϕ</mi></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>η</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math>) in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>Be</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow></math> nuclei

Scalar fields with masses protected by global shift symmetries, commonly referred to as axions, are abundantly used in effective field theories in cosmology and particle physics. However, global symmetries cannot be expected to be protected at the fundamental level. Finding consistent ultra-violet completions for axions is therefore a necessity. In this work, we identify the axion with the position mode of a charged 3-brane in (4+1)-dimensions. The shift symmetry of the axion is then a residual diffeomorphism in the fifth dimension orthogonal to the brane. Meanwhile, the brane is coupled to a flux in the fifth dimension. From the (3+1)-dimensional perspective, this construction generates (perturbatively) a mass for the axion and matches previously known proposals in the literature based on the coupling between the axion and a three-form gauge field. In a second step, we uplift this (4+1)-dimensional model to M-theory, where the same three-form is found to couple to the membrane with a (2+1)-dimensional worldvolume. In particular, our proposal also elucidates the duality between the axion and a two-form gauge field in the literature. We show that this dual two-form couples to the boundary of an open membrane in M-theory. Finally, we comment on the relations to and differences from other closed and open string axion monodromy models.

Sweden

Florian Niedermann

Denmark

Ziqi Yan

Axions, three-forms, and M-theory

We study the viability of light thermal dark matter (DM) in the sub-GeV mass range in view of the stringent new DAMIC-M limits on DM-electron scattering. Considering a Dirac fermion singlet DM charged under a new Abelian gauge symmetry <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>U</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, we outline two possibilities: (i) family nonuniversal <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>U</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> gauge coupling with resonantly enhanced DM annihilation into Standard Model (SM) fermions, and (ii) family universal dark <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>U</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> gauge symmetry where relic density is set by DM annihilation into light gauge bosons. As an illustrative example of the first class of models, we consider a gauged <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>μ</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>τ</mi></msub></math> extension of the SM having interesting detection prospects at several experiments. While both of these classes of models lead to the observed DM relic and consistency with DAMIC-M together with other experimental limits, the second class of models also lead to strong DM self-interactions, potentially solving the small-scale structure issues of cold dark matter. While a vast part of the parameter space in both the models is already ruled out, the current allowed region of parameter space can be further probed at ongoing or future experiments, keeping the models testable.

India

Debasish Borah

Satyabrata Mahapatra

Narendra Sahu

Vicky Singh Thounaojam

Light thermal dark matter models in the light of DAMIC-M 2025 constraints

Flavor hierarchies emerge from a single hierarchical parameter <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi></math> in a one-flavon Froggatt–Nielsen scheme. Fixing <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>5.357</mn></math> from charged-lepton ratios (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow></msub><mo>:</mo><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msub><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow></msub><mo>:</mo><msub><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow></msub><mo>∝</mo><msup><mrow><mi>ε</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup><mo>:</mo><msup><mrow><mi>ε</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>:</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>ε</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mi>B</mi></math>), we reproduce quark masses and Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa targets at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>M</mi><mi>Z</mi></msub></math> with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> coefficients. The same <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>ε</mi></math> gives viable lepton textures and benchmarks for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>U</mi><mrow><mi>PMNS</mi></mrow></msub></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>∑</mo><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>ν</mi></msub></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>m</mi><mrow><mi>β</mi><mi>β</mi></mrow></msub></math>. Compact correlations (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mo stretchy="false">|</mo><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>u</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">|</mo><mo>,</mo><mo stretchy="false">|</mo><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">|</mo><mo>,</mo><mo stretchy="false">|</mo><msub><mrow><mi>V</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>u</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">|</mo><mo>,</mo><msubsup><mrow><mi>θ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>13</mn></mrow><mrow><mi>PMNS</mi></mrow></msubsup></mrow></math>) follow from powers of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>ε</mi></math>.

Vernon Barger

One-flavon flavor: A single hierarchical parameter <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi></math> organizes quarks and leptons at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>M</mi><mi>Z</mi></msub></math>