Several possible excesses around $ 95 $ GeV hint at an additional light scalar beyond the Standard Model. We examine the capability of the Circular Electron-Positron Collider (CEPC) to test this hypothesis in the Higgs-strahlung channel $ e^{+}e^{-} \to ZS $ with $ Z \to\mu^{+}\mu^{-} $ and $ S \to\tau^{+}\tau^{-} $ . A full detector simulation shows that the optimal center-of-mass energy for studying the 95 GeV light scalar is 210 GeV. A deep neural network classifier reduces the luminosity required for discovery by half. At $ L = 20\; \mathrm{ab}^{-1} $ , the $ 5\sigma $ sensitivity of the CEPC to the signal strength $ \mu_{\tau\tau}^{ZS} $ reaches 0.016 and 0.020 for $ \sqrt{s} = 210 $ GeV and 240 GeV, respectively. The corresponding thresholds for a 5% precision measurement are $ \mu_{\tau\tau}^{ZS} \gt 0.10 $ and $ \gt 0.12 $ . At $ \sqrt{s}=210 $ GeV (240 GeV), the $ 5\sigma $ coverage of all N2HDM-Flipped samples with $ \chi^2_{h_{95}} \lt 7.82 $ requires $ L=800\ \mathrm{fb}^{-1} $ (1.22 $ \mathrm{ab}^{-1} $ ). These results establish a 210 GeV run, augmented by machine-learning selection, as the most efficient strategy to confirm or refute the 95 GeV excess at future lepton colliders.

China

Yabo Dong

Manqi Ruan

Kun Wang

Haijun Yang

Jingya Zhu

Testing a 95 GeV Scalar at the CEPC with Machine Learning * This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 12275066 and by the startup research funds of Henan University. The work of K. Wang was also supported by the Open Project of the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Cosmology under Grant No. 22DZ2229013-3. The work of M. Ruan was also supported by the National Key Program for S&T Research and Development under Contract No. 2024YFA1610603. The work of H. Yang was also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. W2441004.

The first observation of single top quark production in association with a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>W</mi></math> and a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi></math> boson in proton-proton collisions is reported. The analysis uses data at center-of-mass energies of 13 and 13.6 TeV recorded with the CMS detector at the CERN LHC, corresponding to a total integrated luminosity of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>200</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mi>fb</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math>. Events with three or four charged leptons, which can be electrons or muons, are selected. Advanced machine-learning algorithms and improved reconstruction methods, compared to an earlier analysis, result in an unprecedented sensitivity to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>t</mi><mi>W</mi><mi>Z</mi></math> production. The measured cross sections for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>t</mi><mi>W</mi><mi>Z</mi></math> production are <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>248</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>52</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>fb</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>242</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>77</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>fb</mi></math> for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msqrt><mi>s</mi></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>13</mn></math> and 13.6 TeV, respectively. The signal is established with a statistical significance of 5.8 standard deviations, with 3.5 expected, compared to the background-only hypothesis.

Armenia

A. Hayrapetyan

V. Makarenko

A. Tumasyan

Austria

W. Adam

J.W. Andrejkovic

L. Benato

T. Bergauer

M. Dragicevic

C. Giordano

P.S. Hussain

M. Jeitler

N. Krammer

A. Li

D. Liko

M. Matthewman

I. Mikulec

J. Schieck

R. Schöfbeck

D. Schwarz

M. Shooshtari

M. Sonawane

W. Waltenberger

C.E. Wulz

Belgium

T. Janssen

H. Kwon

D. Ocampo Henao

T. Van Laer

P. Van Mechelen

J. Bierkens

N. Breugelmans

J. D’Hondt

S. Dansana

A. De Moor

M. Delcourt

F. Heyen

Y. Hong

P. Kashko

S. Lowette

I. Makarenko

D. Müller

J. Song

S. Tavernier

M. Tytgat

G.P. Van Onsem

S. Van Putte

D. Vannerom

B. Bilin

B. Clerbaux

A.K. Das

I. De Bruyn

G. De Lentdecker

H. Evard

L. Favart

P. Gianneios

A. Khalilzadeh

F.A. Khan

A. Malara

M.A. Shahzad

L. Thomas

M. Vanden Bemden

C. Vander Velde

P. Vanlaer

F. Zhang

M. De Coen

D. Dobur

G. Gokbulut

J. Knolle

D. Marckx

K. Skovpen

N. Van Den Bossche

J. van der Linden

J. Vandenbroeck

L. Wezenbeek

S. Bein

A. Benecke

A. Bethani

G. Bruno

A. Cappati

J. De Favereau De Jeneret

C. Delaere

A. Giammanco

A.O. Guzel

V. Lemaitre

J. Lidrych

P. Malek

P. Mastrapasqua

S. Turkcapar

Brazil

G.A. Alves

M. Barroso Ferreira Filho

E. Coelho

C. Hensel

T. Menezes De Oliveira

C. Mora Herrera

P. Rebello Teles

M. Soeiro

E.J. Tonelli Manganote

A. Vilela Pereira

W.L. Aldá Júnior

H. Brandao Malbouisson

W. Carvalho

Observation of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>t</mi><mi>W</mi><mi>Z</mi></mrow></math> Production at the CMS Experiment

We consider near-extremal membranes embedded in M-theory, consistently truncated to gauged $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 supergravity in four dimensions on the coset space $\textit{M}$ . These are holographically dual to 2+1 dimensional superconformal gauge theory with U(1) × U(1) global symmetry. Turning on the chemical potential to either the $\textit{R}$-symmetry or the baryonic symmetry gives access to the quantum critical regime of the boundary gauge theory. We study perturbative stability of the extremal limit, and demonstrate that membranes with topological (baryonic) charge are free from all known instabilities. $\textit{R}$-charged membranes are free from the superconducting instabilities, but have unstable charge transport and instabilities associated with the condensation of the axions.

Canada

Alex Buchel

Switzerland

Ruben Monten

Near-extremal membranes in M-theory

We present a non-singular, definition-level formulation of F-theory by replacing the traditional shrinking-fiber limit of M-theory with compactification on a tower-completed circle described using perfectoid geometry and condensed mathematics. This construction provides an intrinsic eleven-dimensional carrier for modular data and admits a canonical tilting and comparison procedure that yields elliptic geometry as an output rather than an auxiliary input. Using this framework, we establish a precise M-theory/Type IIB dictionary in the constant-coupling sector, showing how the physical axio-dilaton is fixed by eleven-dimensional geometric and topological data. The correspondence is tested at the level of the ten-dimensional bosonic effective action, including its topological couplings inherited from eleven dimensions. The tower-completed geometry naturally organizes global sectors in generalized cohomology, with charge data governed by K-theory and exhibiting a canonical prime-power torsion structure. We further show how this framework extends to varying-coupling backgrounds and duality defects, admits a natural adelic completion with prime-independence, and generalizes to higher-rank and U-duality geometries. We also discuss holographic aspects and the anomaly-refined extension of the duality group beyond the bosonic truncation. Together, these results provide a coherent, non-singular foundation for F-theory and its extensions.

Arshid Shabir

Indonesia

Bobby Eka Gunara

United Kingdom

Mir Faizal

A perfectoid duality between M-theory and F-theory

We use equivariant localization and holography to study four-dimensional $$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$ superconformal field theories arising from M5-branes wrapped on a punctured Riemann surface. We explain how, given a Riemann surface with marked points, one can glue in a “puncture geometry” locally around each point. Using equivariant localization we show that the central charge consists of a bulk contribution plus localized puncture contributions. We recover and generalize the known results for locally $$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$ preserving punctures, and derive new results for genuinely locally $$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$ preserving punctures.

Christopher Couzens

Alice Lüscher

James Sparks

Localizing punctures in M-theory

The Galactic Center excess (GCE) of GeV <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>γ</mi></math> rays may hint at dark matter (DM), yet its origin remains debated. Motivated by this, we survey weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) models that can fit the GCE while satisfying relic-density, direct-detection (DD), and indirect-detection (ID) bounds. We group candidates into hadronic (Higgs portals; simplified scalar/vector mediators), leptonic [<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>U</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mrow><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>i</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>j</mi></msub></mrow></msub></math>], and mixed [<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>U</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mrow><mi>B</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>L</mi></mrow></msub></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi></math>-portal] classes. Across all cases, present DD and dwarf-spheroidal <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>γ</mi></math>-ray limits exclude wide regions, leaving mainly narrow resonant funnels with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>m</mi><mrow><mi>DM</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≃</mo><msub><mi>m</mi><mrow><mi>med</mi></mrow></msub><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></math> and portal couplings <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>≪</mo><mn>1</mn></math>. In hadronic setups, scalar and vector Higgs portals survive only in a thin strip near <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>h</mi></msub><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>≃</mo><mn>62.5</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></math> with portal couplings <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>∼</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup></math>, while the Dirac Higgs and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi></math> portals are essentially excluded. The UV-complete vector Higgs portal retains resonant bands whose viable portal strength depends on the mixing angle. Simplified scalars allow small windows for complex-scalar or vector DM; Dirac DM is strongly disfavored, whereas a pseudoscalar with Dirac DM remains viable over a broader parameter range. For a simplified <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>Z</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></math> mediator, a pure vector coupling leaves only a marginal region, while pure axial is excluded by DD/ID bounds. In leptonic scenarios, inverse-Compton emission is essential: <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>μ</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></math> (and, to a lesser extent, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo>−</mo><mi>L</mi></math>) fits the GCE with near-thermal cross sections, while <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>μ</mi></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>τ</mi></msub></math> is disfavored. Overall, viable WIMP explanations are constrained to the finely tuned resonant regime, with leptophilic vectors and pseudoscalar portals emerging as the most robust options.

United States

Chuiyang Kong

Italy

Mattia Di Mauro

Comprehensive study of WIMP models explaining the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>F</mi><mi>e</mi><mi>r</mi><mi>m</mi><mi>i</mi></math>-LAT Galactic Center excess

A search for nonresonant new physics phenomena in high-mass dilepton events produced in association with b-tagged jets is performed using proton-proton collision data collected in 2016–2018 by the CMS experiment at the CERN LHC, at a center-of-mass energy of 13 TeV corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 fb . The analysis considers two effective field theory models with dimension-six operators; involving four-fermion contact interactions between two leptons ($\textit{ℓℓ}$, electrons or muons) and b or s quarks (bb$\textit{ℓℓ}$ and bs$\textit{ℓℓ}$). Two lepton flavor combinations (ee and $\textit{μμ}$) are required and events are classified as having 0, 1, or ≥2 b-tagged jets in the final state. No significant excess is observed over the standard model backgrounds. Upper limits are set on the production cross section of the new physics signals. These translate into lower limits on the energy scale Λ of 6.9 to 9.0 TeV in the bb$\textit{ℓℓ}$ model, depending on model parameters, and on the ratio of energy scale and effective coupling, Λ/$\textit{g}$ , of 2.0 to 2.6 TeV in the bs$\textit{ℓℓ}$ model. Lepton flavor universality is also tested by comparing the dielectron (ee) and dimuon ($\textit{μμ}$) mass spectra for different b-tagged jet multiplicities. No significant deviation from the standard model expectation of unity is observed.

V. Chekhovsky

J. Andrejkovic

K. Damanakis

P. Hussain

T. Laer

P. Mechelen

A. Moor

G. Onsem

S. Putte

A. Das

I. Bruyn

G. Lentdecker

F. Khan

M. Shahzad

C. Velde

M. Coen

L. Lambrecht

N. Den Bossche

J. Linden

A. Guzel

Sa. Jain

G. Alves

G. Correia Silva

E. Tonelli Manganote

W. Aldá Júnior

J. Chinellato

Search for nonresonant new physics signals in high-mass dilepton events produced in association with b-tagged jets in proton-proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ TeV

This paper presents a search for new physics through the process where a massive particle, X, decays into a Higgs boson and a second particle, Y. The Higgs boson subsequently decays into a bottom quark–antiquark pair, which is reconstructed as a single large-radius jet. The decay products of Yare also assumed to produce a single large-radius jet. The identification of the Yparticle is enhanced by computing the anomaly score of its candidate jet using an autoencoder, which measures deviations from typical quark- or gluon-induced jets. This allows a simultaneous search for multiple Ydecay scenarios within a single analysis. In the main benchmark process, Yis a scalar particle that decays into a Wboson pair. Two other scalar Ydecay processes are also considered as benchmarks: decays to a light quark–antiquark pair, and decays to a top quark–antiquark pair. A fourth benchmark process considers Yas a hadronically decaying top quark, arising from the decay of a vector-like quark into a top quark and a Higgs boson. Data recorded by the CMS experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13 $$\,\text {Te}\hspace{-.08em}\text {V}$$ in 2016–2018, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 138 $$\,\text {fb}^{-1}$$ , are analyzed. The search covers Xmasses between 1.4 and 3.0 $$\,\text {Te}\hspace{-.08em}\text {V}$$ and Ymasses between 90 and 400 $$\,\text {Ge}\hspace{-.08em}\text {V}$$ , with all simulated signals produced in the narrow-width approximation. No significant excess above the standard model background expectation is observed. The most stringent upper limits to date are placed on benchmark signal cross sections for various masses of X and Y particles

N. Bossche

J. Favereau De Jeneret

T. Oliveira

Search for resonances decaying to an anomalous jet and a Higgs boson in proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13\,\text {Te}\hspace{-.08em}\text {V} $$

We study the decomposition of 4d $$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$ gauge theories with Lie algebras of type $$ \mathfrak{su}(N) $$ , $$ \mathfrak{so}(2N) $$ , and $$ {\mathfrak{e}}_6 $$ , realized via M-theory geometric engineering. These theories, together with their novel decomposition structure, arise from quotienting the Bryant-Salamon spin bundle over the 3-sphere by special finite subgroups acting simultaneously on both the fiber and base. We show that these gauge theories admit both inner and outer automorphisms, enabling sequences of gauge theory breaking. In particular, outer automorphisms extend the decomposition structure to theories with $$ \mathfrak{so}\left(2N+1\right) $$ , $$ \mathfrak{sp}(2N) $$ , $$ {\mathfrak{f}}_4 $$ , and $$ {\mathfrak{g}}_2 $$ gauge algebras. For these theories, including both simply-laced and non-simply-laced cases, we analyze their $\textit{p}$-form symmetries, including (−1)-form symmetries, derive the corresponding SymTFTs, and identify the M-theoretic origin of their symmetry topological operators and defects. Finally, we demonstrate that these gauge theories exhibit modified instanton sums and higher 4-group structures, and we derive the associated topological sector directly from M-theory.

Osama Khlaif

Marwan Najjar

Aspects of 4d $$ \mathcal{N}=1 $$ $\textit{ADE}$ gauge theories from M-theory: decomposition, automorphisms, and generalised symmetries

Motivated by the recently obtained Hadrons to Atomic nuclei from Lattice QCD potentials for the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>N</mi><mtext>−</mtext><mi>ϕ</mi></mrow></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>N</mi><mtext>−</mtext><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></mrow></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>N</mi><mtext>−</mtext><msub><mrow><mi>η</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math> interactions, we investigate the structure of the exotic nuclei <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>Be</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>Be</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><mrow><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>Be</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><msub><mi>η</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow></math> as <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>α</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>α</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>M</mi></math> three-body systems (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>M</mi></math> denotes the meson). The bound and resonant states are calculated consistently using the Gaussian expansion method, with resonances identified via the complex scaling method. For the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>α</mi><mi>ϕ</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>α</mi></math>-charmonium interactions, a folding potential is constructed based on the Hadrons to Atomic nuclei from Lattice (HAL) QCD potentials and fitted to a Woods-Saxon form. We find that the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>ϕ</mi></math> meson exhibits a strong “gluelike” effect, binding the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mn>0</mn><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mn>2</mn><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mn>4</mn><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></math> resonant states of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>Be</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow></math> into stable states and significantly reducing the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>α</mi><mtext>−</mtext><mi>α</mi></mrow></math> distance. In contrast, the interactions of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>η</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math> with the nucleus are weaker, forming only shallow bound states with the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mn>0</mn><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup></math> state of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>Be</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow></math> and even increasing the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>α</mi><mtext>−</mtext><mi>α</mi></mrow></math> separation. Notably, our analysis predicts weakly bound <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>α</mi><mtext>−</mtext><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></mrow></math> states in the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>4</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>S</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msub></math> channels, a result not reported in prior studies, which suggests that <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>Be</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><mrow><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></math> may not be a Borromean nucleus. The sensitivity of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>Be</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msubsup><mn>4</mn><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> state—transitioning from bound to resonant depending on the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>α</mi></math>-particle radius—highlights the subtle dynamics at play. These results provide a systematic theoretical comparison of how different vector mesons modify nuclear clustering, offering critical predictions for future experimental searches of such exotic hadron-nucleus systems.

Hao Zhou

Xiang Liu

Three-body resonances of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>α</mi><mi>α</mi><mi>M</mi></math> clusters (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>M</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>ϕ</mi></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>η</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math>) in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>Be</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow></math> nuclei