We propose a neural network training method capable of accounting for the effects of systematic variations of the data model in the training process and describe its extension towards neural network multiclass classification. The procedure is evaluated on the realistic case of the measurement of Higgs boson production via gluon fusion and vector boson fusion in the $${\uptau } {\uptau } $$ decay channel at the CMS experiment. The neural network output functions are used to infer the signal strengths for inclusive production of Higgs bosons as well as for their production via gluon fusion and vector boson fusion. We observe improvements of 12 and 16% in the uncertainty in the signal strengths for gluon and vector-boson fusion, respectively, compared with a conventional neural network training based on cross-entropy.

Armenia

V. Chekhovsky

A. Hayrapetyan

V. Makarenko

A. Tumasyan

Austria

W. Adam

J. Andrejkovic

L. Benato

T. Bergauer

S. Chatterjee

K. Damanakis

M. Dragicevic

P. Hussain

M. Jeitler

N. Krammer

A. Li

D. Liko

I. Mikulec

J. Schieck

R. Schöfbeck

D. Schwarz

M. Sonawane

W. Waltenberger

C.E. Wulz

Belgium

T. Janssen

H. Kwon

T. Laer

P. Mechelen

N. Breugelmans

J. D’Hondt

S. Dansana

A. Moor

M. Delcourt

F. Heyen

Y. Hong

S. Lowette

I. Makarenko

D. Müller

S. Tavernier

M. Tytgat

G. Onsem

S. Putte

D. Vannerom

B. Bilin

B. Clerbaux

A. Das

I. Bruyn

G. Lentdecker

H. Evard

L. Favart

P. Gianneios

A. Khalilzadeh

F. Khan

K. Lee

A. Malara

M. Shahzad

L. Thomas

M. Vanden Bemden

C. Vander Velde

P. Vanlaer

M. Coen

D. Dobur

G. Gokbulut

J. Knolle

L. Lambrecht

D. Marckx

K. Skovpen

N. Bossche

J. Linden

J. Vandenbroeck

L. Wezenbeek

S. Bein

A. Benecke

A. Bethani

G. Bruno

C. Caputo

J. Favereau De Jeneret

C. Delaere

I. Donertas

A. Giammanco

A. Guzel

S Jain

V. Lemaitre

J. Lidrych

P. Mastrapasqua

T. Tran

S. Turkcapar

Brazil

G. Alves

E. Coelho

G. Correia Silva

C. Hensel

T. Menezes De Oliveira

C. Mora Herrera

P. Rebello Teles

M. Soeiro

E. Tonelli Manganote

A. Vilela Pereira

W. Aldá Júnior

M. Barroso Ferreira Filho

H. Brandao Malbouisson

W. Carvalho

Development of systematic uncertainty-aware neural network trainings for binned-likelihood analyses at the LHC

<list id='lst0001'><list-item id='lstitem0001'><label>&#8226;</label><para id='p0001'>We investigate a classical model of coupled harmonic oscillators (CHO) as the classical counterpart of the Lee model. In this classical model, the divergence of the fundamental frequency and its renormalization precisely reproduce the divergence and renormalization of the physical mass of the particle, revealing that mass divergence in the Lee model is not solely a quantum phenomenon.</para></list-item><list-item id='lstitem0002'><label>&#8226;</label><para id='p0002'>We derive the necessary conditions that any renormalization must satisfy for the two-oscillator system corresponding to the single-mode Lee model.</para></list-item><list-item id='lstitem0003'><label>&#8226;</label><para id='p0003'>We examine the classical analog of the <italic>N</italic>-<italic>&#952;</italic> scattering process in the Lee model and demonstrate that the cutoff-dependent behavior of the scattering strength parallels the quantum scenario, indicating that the suppression of scattering also has a classical origin.</para></list-item></list>

China

Kang Xu

C.P. Sun

Classical analog of the T. D. Lee model for renormalization

The dimensional reduction of M-theory couplings at order <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mo>ℓ</mo><mi>p</mi><mn>6</mn></msubsup></math> is known to produce one-loop <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mrow><mi>α</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></math> corrections in type IIA string theory. In this paper, we perform the Kaluza-Klein reduction of the M-theory Chern-Simons coupling <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>t</mi><mn>8</mn></msub><msub><mi>ε</mi><mn>11</mn></msub><mi>A</mi><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>4</mn></msup></math> at this order. By meticulously accounting for nongauge-invariant total derivative terms, we derive the complete set of corresponding one-loop, gauge-invariant couplings in the type IIA effective action. Our results not only reproduce the standard Chern-Simons term <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>t</mi><mn>8</mn></msub><msub><mi>ε</mi><mn>10</mn></msub><mi>B</mi><msup><mi>R</mi><mn>4</mn></msup></math>—which is gauge invariant up to total derivatives—but also unveil a new set of gauge-invariant couplings involving Ramond-Ramond and Neveu-Schwarz–Neveu-Schwarz field strengths. To validate our findings, we test their consistency under string dualities. We dimensionally reduce the derived type IIA couplings on a K3 manifold and show that the resulting one-loop <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>α</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></math> corrections in six dimensions transform under S-duality into the dimensional reduction of the tree-level heterotic string Chern-Simons coupling <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>H</mi><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>ν</mi><mi>α</mi></mrow></msub><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi><mrow><mi>μ</mi><mi>ν</mi><mi>α</mi></mrow></msup></math> on <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>T</mi><mn>4</mn></msup></math>. This nontrivial agreement provides strong evidence for the correctness of both the M-theory Chern-Simons term and its reduction to type IIA.

Iran

Mohammad R. Garousi

Dimensional reduction of the M-theory Chern-Simons term at order <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mo>ℓ</mo><mi>p</mi><mn>6</mn></msubsup></math>

Using the recent six loop renormalization group functions for Lee-Yang and percolation theory constructed by Schnetz from a scalar cubic Lagrangian, we deduce the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>ε</mi></math> expansion of the critical exponents for both cases. Estimates for the exponents in three, four, and five dimensions are extracted using two-sided Padé approximants and shown to be compatible with values from other approaches.

United Kingdom

J.A. Gracey

Six loop critical exponent analysis for Lee-Yang and percolation theory

We discuss that the string/M-theory partition function requires a choice of ensembles, depending on which background fields are held fixed. The background fields correspond to worldvolume couplings in the effective action approach to the superstring, which we extrapolate to the M2-brane. One natural ensemble in this context, which we call the M2-ensemble, corresponds to fixing the value of the M-theory three-form potential. In holographic setups the choice of ensemble is important when comparing to observables in the dual field theory. Indeed, in AdS holography the M2-ensemble does not map gravitational observables directly to field theory observables at a fixed rank $\textit{N}$, but rather to observables in the grand canonical ensemble. We remark that many M2-brane partition functions take a simple form in this ensemble hinting at one-loop exactness. We also discuss how in AdS holography, the M2-ensemble does correspond to the canonical ensemble in the field theory, i.e. the (2,0) theory at fixed rank $\textit{N}$.

Friðrik Gautason

Jesse Muiden

Ensembles in M-theory and holography

We study the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) phase transitions in the complex chemical potential plane via the Dyson-Schwinger equation approach, incorporating a constant gluonic background field that represents the confining dynamics. We solve the quark gap equation and the background field equation self-consistently, which allows us to directly explore the confinement phase transition and furthermore, evaluate the impact of the back-coupling of confinement on chiral symmetry breaking. Moreover, within such a coupled framework toward the complex chemical potential region, we demonstrate the emergence of Roberge-Weiss (RW) symmetry and investigate the trajectory of Lee-Yang edge singularities (LYESs). Our analysis reveals that the LYESs scaling behavior is similar to our previous findings without the background field condensate. However, a significant difference from our earlier work is that the trajectory of LYESs terminates when the imaginary part of the singularity becomes <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>π</mi><mi>T</mi></math>. We elaborate that this cutoff behavior is caused by the RW symmetry that is symmetric to the imaginary chemical potential <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Im</mi><mi>μ</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>π</mi><mi>T</mi></math>.

Zi-yan Wan

Yi Lu

Fei Gao

Yu-xin Liu

Lee Yang edge singularities of QCD in association with the Roberge-Weiss and chiral phase transitions

Within the framework of the next-to-minimal supersymmetric (SUSY) extension of the Standard Model (SM) with a local B-L gauge symmetry (N-B-LSSM), we study lepton flavor violating (LFV) $ \tau\rightarrow e M^+ M^- $ decays: $ \tau \rightarrow e \pi^+\pi^- $ , $ \tau \rightarrow e \pi^+K^- $ , and $ \tau \rightarrow e K^+K^- $ . Based on the latest experimental data, the influence of different sensitive parameters on the branching ratios is considered. It can be seen from the numerical analysis that the main sensitive parameters and LFV sources are non-diagonal elements corresponding to the initial and final leptons. This work can provide a basis for discovering the existence of new physics (NP).

Rong-Zhi Sun

Shu-Min Zhao

Shuang Di

Portugal

Xing-Xing Dong

Study of ${\boldsymbol\tau\rightarrow {\boldsymbol e M^+ M^-}}$ decays in N-B-LSSM * Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (NNSFC) (12075074), Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (A2023201040, A2022201022, A2022201017, A2023201041), Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Education Department (QN2022173), Post-graduate's Innovation Fund Project of Hebei University (HBU2024SS042), the Project of the China Scholarship Council (CSC) (202408130113). X. Dong acknowledges support from Fundação para a Ciência e a Tecnologia (FCT, Portugal) through the projects CFTP FCT Unit (UIDB/00777/2020, UIDP/00777/2020)

The Belle II experiment’s ability to identify particles critically affects the sensitivity of its measurements. We describe Belle II’s algorithms for identifying charged particles and evaluate their performance in separating pions, kaons, and protons using $$426\,\text {fb}^{-1}$$ of data collected at the energy-asymmetric $${\varvec{e}}^+{\varvec{e}}^-$$ collider SuperKEKB in 2019–2022 at center-of-mass energies at and near the mass of the $$\Upsilon $$ (4S).