<p><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mtext>DMRadio-</mtext><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> is an experimental search for dark matter axions. It uses a solenoidal dc magnetic field to convert an axion dark-matter signal to an ac electromagnetic response in a coaxial copper pickup. The current induced by this axion signal is measured by dc SQUIDs. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mtext>DMRadio-</mtext><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> is designed to be sensitive to Kim-Shifman-Vainshtein-Zakharov (KSVZ) and Dine-Fischler-Srednicki-Zhitnisky (DFSZ) QCD axion models in the 10–200 MHz (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>41</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>neV</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mi>–</mi><mrow><mn>0.83</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi mathvariant="normal">μ</mi><mi>eV</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mi>c</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></mrow></mrow></math>) range, and to axions with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>g</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>γ</mi><mi>γ</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><msub><mi>g</mi><mrow><mi>a</mi><mi>γ</mi><mi>γ</mi><mo>,</mo><mrow><mi>DFSZ</mi></mrow></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>30</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>MHz</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>1.87</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>17</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mrow><mi>GeV</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math> over 5–30 MHz as an extended goal. In this work, we present the electromagnetic modeling of the response of the experiment to an axion signal over the full frequency range of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mtext>DMRadio-</mtext><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>, which extends from the low-frequency, lumped-element limit to a regime where the axion Compton wavelength is only a factor of 2 larger than the detector size. With these results, we determine the live time and sensitivity of the experiment. The primary science goal of sensitivity to DFSZ axions across 30–200 MHz can be achieved with a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>3</mn><mi>σ</mi></math> live scan time of 2.9 years.</p>

United States

A. AlShirawi

V. Ankel

C. Bartram

J. Begin

C. Bell

J.N. Benabou

L. Brouwer

S. Chaudhuri

H.M. Cho

J. Corbin

W. Craddock

S. Cuadra

A. Droster

J. Echevers

J.W. Foster

J.T. Fry

P.W. Graham

R. Henning

K.D. Irwin

F. Kadribasic

Y. Kahn

A. Keller

R. Kolevatov

S. Kuenstner

A. Kunder

N. Kurita

A.F. Leder

D. Li

N. Otto

J.L. Ouellet

K.M.W. Pappas

A. Phipps

N.M. Rapidis

B.R. Safdi

C.P. Salemi

M. Simanovskaia

J. Singh

P. Stark

E.C. van Assendelft

K. van Bibber

K. Wells

J. Wiedemann

L. Winslow

W.J. Wisniewski

D. Wright

A.K. Yi

B.A. Young

Electromagnetic modeling and science reach of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mtext>DMRadio-</mtext><msup><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">m</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>

This paper presents the primary charged-particle multiplicity distributions in proton–lead collisions at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon–nucleon collision of $$\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}~=~5.02$$ TeV. The distributions are reported for non-single diffractive collisions in different pseudorapidity ranges. The measurements are performed using the combined information from the Silicon Pixel Detector and the Forward Multiplicity Detector of ALICE. The multiplicity distributions are parametrised with a double negative binomial distribution function which provides satisfactory descriptions of the distributions for all the studied pseudorapidity intervals. The data are compared to models and analysed quantitatively, evaluating the first four moments (mean, standard deviation, skewness, and kurtosis). The shape evolution of the measured multiplicity distributions is studied in terms of KNO variables and it is found that none of the considered models reproduces the measurements. This paper also reports on the average charged-particle multiplicity, normalised by the average number of participating nucleon pairs, as a function of the collision energy. The multiplicity results are then compared to measurements made in proton–proton and nucleus–nucleus collisions across a wide range of collision energies.

Italy

S. Acharya

India

A. Agarwal

Switzerland

G. Rinella

L. Aglietta

M. Agnello

N. Agrawal

Z. Ahammed

S. Ahmad

South Korea

S. Ahn

Slovakia

I. Ahuja

A. Akindinov

Germany

V. Akishina

M. Al-Turany

D. Aleksandrov

B. Alessandro

China

H. Alfanda

Mexico

R. Molina

B. Ali

A. Alici

N. Alizadehvandchali

A. Alkin

Norway

J. Alme

G. Alocco

T. Alt

A. Altamura

I. Altsybeev

J. Alvarado

M. Anaam

Romania

C. Andrei

United Kingdom

N. Andreou

A. Andronic

E. Andronov

V. Anguelov

F. Antinori

P. Antonioli

N. Apadula

H. Appelshäuser

France

C. Arata

S. Arcelli

R. Arnaldi

Brazil

J. Arneiro

I. Arsene

M. Arslandok

A. Augustinus

R. Averbeck

D. Averyanov

M. Azmi

Japan

H. Baba

A. Badalà

J. Bae

Y. Bae

Y. Baek

X. Bai

R. Bailhache

Y. Bailung

R. Bala

A. Baldisseri

Poland

B. Balis

S. Bangalia

Z. Banoo

V. Barbasova

F. Barile

L. Barioglio

Greece

M. Barlou

B. Barman

Hungary

G. Barnaföldi

L. Barnby

E. Barreau

V. Barret

L. Barreto

K. Barth

E. Bartsch

N. Bastid

Sweden

S. Basu

G. Batigne

D. Battistini

B. Batyunya

D. Bauri

Peru

J. Bazo Alba

Denmark

I. Bearden

P. Becht

D. Behera

I. Belikov

A. Bell Hechavarria

F. Bellini

R. Bellwied

S. Belokurova

L. Beltran

Y. Beltran

G. Bencedi

A. Bensaoula

S. Beole

Y. Berdnikov

A. Berdnikova

L. Bergmann

L. Bernardinis

L. Betev

P. Bhaduri

A. Bhasin

B. Bhattacharjee

Charged-particle multiplicity distributions over a wide pseudorapidity range in p–Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{{{\varvec{s}}}_{{\textbf {NN}}}}={\textbf {5.02}}$$ TeV

Correlations among conserved quantum numbers, such as the net-electric charge, the net-baryon, and the net-strangeness in heavy-ion collisions, are crucial for exploring the QCD phase diagram. In this paper, these correlations are investigated using net-proton number (as a proxy for the net-baryon), net-kaon number (for the net-strangeness), and net-charged particle number in Pb-Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{{s}_{\text{NN}}}$$ = 5$\textit{.}$02 TeV with the ALICE detector. The observed correlations deviate from the Poissonian baseline, with a more pronounced deviation at LHC energies than at RHIC. Theoretical calculations of the Thermal-FIST hadron resonance gas model, HIJING, and EPOS LHC event generators are compared with experimental results, where a significant impact of resonance decays is observed. Thermal-FIST calculations under the grand canonical and canonical ensembles highlight significant differences, underscoring the role of local charge conservation in explaining the data. Recent lattice QCD studies have demonstrated that the magnetic field generated by spectator protons in heavy-ion collisions affects susceptibility ratios, in particular those related to the net-electric charge and the net-baryon numbers. The experimental findings are in qualitative agreement with the expectations of lattice QCD.

G. Aglieri Rinella

R. Alfaro Molina

Measurement of correlations among net-charge, net-proton, and net-kaon multiplicity distributions in Pb-Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{{{\varvec{s}}}_{\mathbf{N}\mathbf{N}}}$$ = 5$\textit{.}$02 TeV

Combining toric geometry techniques and $$\mathcal {N}=2$$ supergravity formalisms, we study 5D black branes in the M-theory compactification on a four parameter Calabi–Yau threefold. First, we investigate 5D BPS and non-BPS black holes that are derived by wrapping M2-branes on non-holomorphic 2-cycles in such a toric Calabi–Yau manifold. Concretely, we provide the allowed electric charge regions of BPS and non-BPS black hole states that are obtained by surrounding M2-branes over appropriate 2-cycles. Then, we approach the black hole thermodynamic behavior by computing the entropy and the temperature. By evaluating the recombination factor, we examine the stability of such non-BPS black holes. Precisely, we find stable and unstable solutions depending on the allowed electric charge regions. After that, we study 5D black strings by wrapping M5-branes on non-holomorphic dual 4-cycles in the proposed toric Calabi–Yau manifold by focusing on the stability behaviors. In the allowed regions of the moduli space of the non-BPS stringy solutions, we find stable and unstable states depending on the magnetic charge values.

Morocco

A. Belhaj

H. Belmahi

A. Bouhouch

S. Ennadifi

M. Sedra

Black holes and black strings in M-theory on Calabi–Yau threefolds with four Kähler parameters

<p>We report on a search for sub-GeV dark matter (DM) particles interacting with electrons using the DAMIC-M prototype detector at the Modane Underground Laboratory. The data feature a significantly lower detector single <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math> rate (factor 50) compared to our previous search, while also accumulating a 10 times larger exposure of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mo>∼</mo><mn>1.3</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>kg</mi><mtext>−</mtext><mi>day</mi></mrow></math>. DM interactions in the skipper charge-coupled devices (CCDs) are searched for as groups of two or three adjacent pixels with a total charge between 2 and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>4</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></math>. We find 144 candidates of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>2</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math> and 1 candidate of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>4</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math>, where 141.5 and 0.071, respectively, are expected from background. With no evidence of a DM signal, we place stringent constraints on DM particles with masses between 1 and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>1000</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>MeV</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> interacting with electrons through an ultralight or heavy mediator. For large ranges of DM masses below <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>1</mn><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi><mo>/</mo><msup><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>, we exclude theoretically motivated benchmark scenarios where hidden-sector particles are produced as a major component of DM in the Universe through the freeze-in or freeze-out mechanisms.</p>