We present a study of the single- and multistrange particle productions in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>Pb</mi></mrow></math> collisions at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>5.02</mn></mrow></math> TeV using the PACIAE 4.0 model. The effects of color reconnection (CR), rope hadronization (RH), as well as partonic and hadronic rescatterings (PRS and HRS) on their productions are investigated. There are two kinds of CR considered: the multiparton-interactions-based CR (MPI-CR) and the quantum-chromodynamics-based CR (QCD-CR). The four mechanisms studied have little effect on kaon production. The QCD-CR scheme incorporating the junction topology gives an enhanced baryon production, but it is still not enough to describe the data of integrated yields of strange baryons. The combination of QCD-CR and the RH scheme together with flavor ropes (FR) and string shoving (SS) provides a good description for the data of strange baryon production. For the heavier <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi></math> baryons, an improved <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>QCD</mi><mtext>−</mtext><mi>CR</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>FR</mi></mrow></math> scheme with stronger tension is required, whereas the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>QCD</mi><mtext>−</mtext><mi>CR</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>FR</mi><mo>+</mo><mi>SS</mi></mrow></math> scheme adequately describes <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi></math> production. PRS has a weak effect, but HRS exerts a promoting effect on the production of multistrange baryons (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi></math>).

China

Wei Lei

Qiang Wang

An-Ke Lei

Zhi-Lei She

Jia-Xin Gao

Dai-Mei Zhou

Yu-Liang Yan

Hua Zheng

Wen-Chao Zhang

Ben-Hao Sa

Strangeness production in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>Pb</mi></mrow></math> collisions at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>5.02</mn></mrow></math> TeV in the PACIAE model

In this work, we derive a novel set of equations — the $\textit{Asymptotic Baxter-Bethe Ansatz}$ —that determine the asymptotic spectrum of Regge trajectories in the BFKL regime of $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ SYM. In this challenging limit, our method yields multi-loop results in the ’t Hooft coupling, with the perturbative accuracy increasing as the quantum numbers grow. Our formalism not only provides a straightforward path to obtain multi-loop perturbative data, as we demonstrate, but also enables the classification of trajectories, paving the way for systematic non-perturbative studies up to the strong-coupling regime.

United Kingdom

Sweden

Simon Ekhammar

Nikolay Gromov

Italy

United States

Michelangelo Preti

Regge trajectories of $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ SYM. Part I. General Asymptotic Baxter-Bethe Ansatz

The one-loop cohomology of $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ super Yang-Mills is conjectured to be isomorphic to the exact cohomology. As a result, its truncations are expected to be sub-rings of the exact cohomology. We study the superconformal index restricted over one such truncation known as the BMN truncation. We present a systematic algorithm to compute the BMN index using the method of residues. We compute the BMN index for SU($\textit{N}$) $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ SYM for $\textit{N}$ = 2, … , 6 in closed form. It is expressed as a rational function of the fugacity. A term of the type (1 − $\textit{x}$) in the denominator indicates the presence of a bosonic generator counted with fugacity $\textit{x}$. We find a rich and universal set of such terms in the denominator showing an interesting bosonic Fock space in the spectrum of protected operators. This Fock space can not be explained as coming from the non-interacting supersymmetric graviton gas far away from the black hole as in the grey-galaxy solutions because the charges of the bosonic generators are not compatible with those of the supersymmetric gravitons. This suggests a novel micro-structure within the supersymmetric black hole itself.

India

Abhijit Gadde

Eunwoo Lee

Rajat Raj

Shivansh Tomar

Probing non-graviton spectra in $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ SYM via BMN truncation and S-duality

We present a detailed analysis of integrated correlators for an $$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$ supercon-formal field theory on a squashed sphere with SU($\textit{N}$) gauge group and fundamental/anti-symmetric matter. Employing the matrix model arising from supersymmetric localisation, we compute derivatives of the partition function $$ \mathcal{Z} $$ with respect to the fundamental mass ($\textit{μ}$), the anti-symmetric mass ($\textit{m}$) and the squashing parameter ($\textit{b}$), corresponding to integrated insertions of the $$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$ flavour-current and stress-tensor multiplets, which are holographically dual to gluon and graviton scatterings in the presence of D7-branes. For correlators dual to only graviton scatterings, we confirm the planar-limit equivalence with $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ SYM. Our main result is a remarkable universality for the mixed gluon-graviton scattering amplitudes off D7-branes, obtained from $$ {\partial}_{\mu}^2{\partial}_m^2\log \mathcal{Z} $$ and $$ {\partial}_{\mu}^2{\partial}_b^2\log \mathcal{Z} $$ . We show that the leading and sub-leading large-$\textit{N}$ contributions in the strong-coupling regime are governed by universal asymptotic series, identical to those found for integrated giant-graviton correlators in $$ \mathcal{N}=4 $$ SYM. We also propose an SL(2, $\textit{ℤ}$)-invariant completion of these results in terms of non-holomorphic Eisenstein series. This completion provides exact constraints on higher-derivative terms in the dual AdS brane-string amplitudes and highlights an unexpected universality across distinct superconformal theories at strong coupling.

L. Lillo

Switzerland

Z. Duan

M. Frau

F. Galvagno

A. Lerda

Belgium

P. Vallarino

C. Wen

$$ \mathcal{N}=2 $$ universality at strong coupling

We construct an exact analytic solution of the revised small-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>x</mi></math> helicity evolution equations from Borden, Kovchegov, and Li [Helicity evolution at small x: Quark to gluon and gluon to quark transition operators, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP09(2024)037">J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2024) 037</a>], where the contributions of the quark-to-gluon and gluon-to-quark transition operators were newly included. These evolution equations are written in the large-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math> and -<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>f</mi></msub></math> limit and are double-logarithmic, resumming powers of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>α</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><msup><mi>ln</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><mi>x</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>. Here <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>f</mi></msub></math> are the numbers of quark colors and flavors, respectively, while <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>α</mi><mi>s</mi></msub></math> is the strong coupling constant and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>x</mi></math> is the Bjorken-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>x</mi></math> variable. Using our solution, we obtain analytic, small-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>x</mi></math>, large-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math> and -<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>f</mi></msub></math> expressions for the flavor singlet quark and gluon helicity parton distribution functions (PDFs) and for the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>g</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></math> structure function as double-inverse Laplace transforms. We also extract analytic expressions for the eigenvalues of the matrix of polarized Dokshitzer-Gribov-Lipatov-Altarelli-Parisi (DGLAP) anomalous dimensions and, subsequently, analytic expressions for each of the four individual polarized anomalous dimensions themselves (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><msub><mi>γ</mi><mrow><mi>q</mi><mi>q</mi></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><msub><mi>γ</mi><mrow><mi>q</mi><mi>G</mi></mrow></msub><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><msub><mi>γ</mi><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>q</mi></mrow></msub></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><msub><mi>γ</mi><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>G</mi></mrow></msub></math>): these expressions resum powers of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>α</mi><mi>s</mi></msub><mo>/</mo><msup><mi>ω</mi><mn>2</mn></msup></math> to all orders at large <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>f</mi></msub></math> (with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>ω</mi></math> the Mellin moment variable). We extract the leading small-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>x</mi></math> asymptotic power-law growth of the helicity distributions, given by <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">Σ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><msup><mi>Q</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>∼</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Δ</mi><mi>G</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><msup><mi>Q</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>∼</mo><msub><mi>g</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><msup><mi>Q</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>∼</mo><msup><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mi>x</mi></mfrac><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><msub><mi>α</mi><mi>h</mi></msub></msup></math>, where the intercept <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>α</mi><mi>h</mi></msub></math> satisfies an algebraic equation. Although the algebraic complexity of the equation prevented us from obtaining a general analytic expression for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>α</mi><mi>h</mi></msub></math>, we determine <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>α</mi><mi>h</mi></msub></math> numerically for various values of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>f</mi></msub></math> (and, for the special case of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>f</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math>, we determine <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>α</mi><mi>h</mi></msub></math> analytically). We further obtain the explicit asymptotic expressions for the helicity distributions, which yield numerical values for the ratio of the gluon helicity PDF to the flavor singlet quark helicity PDF in the small-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>x</mi></math> asymptotic limit (for different <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>f</mi></msub><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math>). Just as for the analytic solution to small-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>x</mi></math> helicity evolution equations in the large-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math> limit constructed in Borden and Kovchegov [Analytic solution for the revised helicity evolution at small x and large <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math>: New resummed gluon-gluon polarized anomalous dimension and intercept, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.108.014001">Phys. Rev. D 108, 014001 (2023)</a>] and for the iterative solution to the large-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math> and -<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>f</mi></msub></math> helicity evolution equations constructed in Borden, Kovchegov, and Li [Helicity evolution at small x: Quark to gluon and gluon to quark transition operators, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/JHEP09(2024)037">J. High Energy Phys. 09 (2024) 037</a>], we again find that all our predictions for polarized DGLAP anomalous dimensions are fully consistent with the existing finite-order calculations. Similar to the large-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math> case [Borden and Kovchegov, Analytic solution for the revised helicity evolution at small x and large <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">N</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></math>: New resummed gluon-gluon polarized anomalous dimension and intercept, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.108.014001">Phys. Rev. D 108, 014001 (2023)</a>], our intercept <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>α</mi><mi>h</mi></msub></math> (evaluated at various <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>f</mi></msub></math> values) exhibits a very slight disagreement with the predictions made within the infrared evolution equations framework in Bartels et al. [Flavor singlet contribution to the structure function G(1) at small x, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002880050285">Z. Phys. C 72, 627 (1996)</a>], Blümlein and Vogt [The singlet contribution to the structure function <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>g</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><msup><mi>Q</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> at small <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>x</mi></math>, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(96)00958-6">Phys. Lett. B 386, 350 (1996)</a>], Boussarie et al. [Proton spin structure at small-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>x</mi></math>, <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physletb.2019.134817">Phys. Lett. B 797, 134817 (2019)</a>].

Jeremy Borden

Yuri V. Kovchegov

Analytic solution for the helicity evolution equations at small <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>x</mi></math> and large <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>N</mi><mi>f</mi></msub></math>

An $\textit{SU}$(3) flavor projection operator technique is implemented to construct the baryon-meson scattering amplitude within the framework of the $1/N_c$ expansion of quantum chromodynamics (QCD), where $N_c$ represents the number of color charges. The operator technique is implemented to evaluate not only the lowest-order scattering amplitude but also effects from the first-order perturbative $\textit{SU}$(3) flavor symmetry breaking and strong isospin breaking. The most general expression is obtained by explicitly accounting for the effects of the decuplet-octet baryon mass difference. At order ${\cal{O}}(1/N_c^2)$ , a large number of unknown operator coefficients appear, and therefore, there is little additional predictive power unless leading and subleading terms are retained. Although the resultant expression is sufficiently general that it can be applied to any incoming and outgoing baryons and pseudo scalar mesons, provided that the Gell-Mann--Nishijima scheme is respected, results for $N\pi\to N\pi$ scattering processes are explicitly considered.

Víctor Miguel Banda Guzmán

Rubén Flores-Mendieta

Johann Hernández

Use of $\textit{SU}$(3) flavor projection operators to construct baryon-meson scattering amplitudes in the 1/ N$_{c}$ expansion * The authors are grateful to Consejo Nacional de Humanidades, Ciencias y Tecnologías (Mexico) for support through the $\textit{Ciencia de Frontera}$ project CF-2023-I-162

We present the results of searches for nucleon decays via <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>ν</mi><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>ν</mi><msup><mi>π</mi><mn>0</mn></msup></math> using a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>0.484</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>Mt</mi><mo>·</mo><mi>yr</mi></mrow></math> exposure of Super-Kamiokande I-V data covering the entire pure water phase of the experiment. Various improvements on the previous 2014 nucleon decay search [<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.113.121802">Phys. Rev. Lett. 113, 121802 (2014)</a>], which used an exposure of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>0.173</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>Mt</mi><mo>·</mo><mi>yr</mi></mrow></math>, are incorporated. The physics models related to pion production and nuclear interaction are refined with external data, and a more comprehensive set of systematic uncertainties, now including those associated with the atmospheric neutrino flux and pion production channels, is considered. Also, the fiducial volume has been expanded by 21%. No significant indication of a nucleon decay signal is found beyond the expected background. Lower bounds on the nucleon partial lifetimes are determined to be <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>3.5</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>32</mn></msup><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>yr</mi></math> for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>ν</mi><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>1.4</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>33</mn></msup><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>yr</mi></math> for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>ν</mi><msup><mi>π</mi><mn>0</mn></msup></math> at 90% confidence level.

South Korea

S. Jung

Japan

K. Abe

Y. Asaoka

M. Harada

Y. Hayato

K. Hiraide

T.H. Hung

K. Ieki

M. Ikeda

J. Kameda

Y. Kanemura

Y. Kataoka

S. Miki

S. Mine

M. Miura

S. Moriyama

K. Nakagiri

M. Nakahata

S. Nakayama

Y. Noguchi

G. Pronost

K. Sato

H. Sekiya

R. Shinoda

M. Shiozawa

Y. Suzuki

A. Takeda

Y. Takemoto

H. Tanaka

T. Yano

S. Chen

Y. Itow

T. Kajita

R. Nishijima

K. Okumura

T. Tashiro

T. Tomiya

X. Wang

Spain

P. Fernandez

L. Labarga

D. Samudio

B. Zaldivar

C. Yanagisawa

B. Jargowsky

E. Kearns

J. Mirabito

L. Wan

T. Wester

Canada

B.W. Pointon

J. Bian

B. Cortez

N.J. Griskevich

Y. Jiang

M.B. Smy

H.W. Sobel

V. Takhistov

A. Yankelevich

J. Hill

D.H. Moon

R.G. Park

B.S. Yang

K. Scholberg

C.W. Walter

France

O. Drapier

A. Ershova

M. Ferey

E. Le Blévec

Th. A. Mueller

P. Paganini

C. Quach

R. Rogly

T. Nakamura

J.S. Jang

R.P. Litchfield

L.N. Machado

F.J.P. Soler

J.G. Learned

K. Choi

Vietnam

S. Cao

L.H.V. Anthony

N.W. Prouse

M. Scott

Y. Uchida

V. Berardi

N.F. Calabria

M.G. Catanesi

N. Ospina

E. Radicioni

A. Langella

G. De Rosa

G. Collazuol

M. Feltre

M. Mattiazzi

L. Ludovici

M. Gonin

L. Périssé

B. Quilain

S. Horiuchi

A. Kawabata

M. Kobayashi

Search for nucleon decay via <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>ν</mi><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>ν</mi><msup><mi>π</mi><mn>0</mn></msup></math> in 0.484 Mton-year of Super-Kamiokande data

The thermal confinement phase transition in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mrow><mi>SU</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math> Yang-Mills theory is first order for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>N</mi><mo>≥</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></math>, with bounce action scaling as <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>. Remarkably, lattice data for the action include a small coefficient whose presence likely strongly alters the phase transition dynamics. We give evidence, utilizing insights from softly broken supersymmetric Yang-Mills models, that the small coefficient originates from a deconfined phase instability just below the critical temperature. We predict the maximum achievable supercooling in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>SU</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> theories to be a few percent, which can be tested on the lattice. We briefly discuss the potentially significant suppression of the associated cosmological gravitational wave signals.

Prateek Agrawal

Gaurang Ramakant Kane

Vazha Loladze

John March-Russell

Prediction for Maximum Supercooling in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>SU</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math> Confinement Transition

We classify and construct supersymmetric solutions of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>D</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn></math> gauged supergravity extended with a Fayet-Iliopoulos term, and null and timelike warped anti–de Sitter (AdS) spacetimes are among them. From the first one, it is possible to obtain a well-defined black hole by periodic identification. We also find charged string solutions that interpolate between two supersymmetric AdS or Minkowski extrema of the scalar potential, one of which corresponds to a horizon with a singularity behind it, and the other which determines the asymptotic geometry.

Türkiye

Nihat Sadik Deger

Ceren Ayse Deral

Supersymmetric null and timelike warped AdS and strings in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>D</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn></math> gauged supergravity

A four-dimensional gauge–gravity unification based on the local <math altimg='si1.svg'><mrow><mtext>SL</mtext><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>N</mi><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant='double-struck'>C</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> symmetry is developed in a universal Yang&#8211;Mills type setting. The accompanying tetrads are promoted to dynamical fields whose invertibility condition is interpreted as a nonlinear sigma-model type length constraint. This triggers tetrad condensation and spontaneously breaks <math altimg='si1.svg'><mrow><mtext>SL</mtext><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>N</mi><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant='double-struck'>C</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> down to <math altimg='si2.svg'><mrow><mtext>SL</mtext><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant='double-struck'>C</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>&#215;</mo><mtext>SU</mtext><mo>(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math>, effectively filtering out unobserved non-compact directions. A special ghost-free curvature-squared Lagrangian provides a consistent quadratic sector for all gauge fields involved, while an Einstein &#226;&#8364; &#8220;Cartan linear curvature term is shown to arise radiatively from fermion loops. The matter sector clearly points to a deeper elementarity of <math altimg='si1.svg'><mrow><mtext>SL</mtext><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>N</mi><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant='double-struck'>C</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> spinors, which can be identified with preon constituents whose bound states form the observed quarks and leptons. Anomaly matching between preons and composites singles out <math altimg='si3.svg'><mrow><mtext>SL</mtext><mo>(</mo><mn>16</mn><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant='double-struck'>C</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math>, accommodating precisely three composite quark-lepton families. The theory links noncompact unification, induced gravity, and fermion family structure in a single framework.

Georgia

J.L. Chkareuli

<math altimg='si1.svg'><mrow><mtext>SL</mtext><mo>(</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>N</mi><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant='double-struck'>C</mi><mo>)</mo></mrow></math> Hyperunification: Dynamical tetrads, induced gravity and composite families