We constructed a four-Higgs-doublet model (4HDM) invariant under $\textit{D}$ $_{5}$ symmetry and investigated its complete neutral vacuum structure in detail. Assuming explicit CP conservation in the scalar potential, we examined whether CP symmetry can be spontaneously broken. We provided a complete list of all possible real and complex vacua, along with the constraints on the potential parameters required for each vacuum solution to exist. We also discussed the positive-definiteness conditions that the Hessian must satisfy for each vacuum to be a local minimum of the potential. The results show that, after spontaneous symmetry breaking, some complex vacua lead to spontaneous CP violation in the potential, whereas the remaining complex vacua still preserve CP conservation. Among these CP-violating complex vacua, one can be regarded as the most general form. Furthermore, we discussed the relationship between real and complex vacua.

China

Dong-Ping Fu

Michihisa Takeuchi

Spontaneous CP violation in the $\textit{D}$ $_{5}$-symmetric four-Higgs-doublet models * Supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, the One Hundred Talent Program of Sun Yat-sen University, China, and the Guangdong Natural Science Foundation (2026A1515012641)

In the present work, the strong decays of the discovered $ P_c(4380) $ , $ P_c(4440) $ , $ P_c(4457) $ and their possible isospin cousins are systematically studied via the assignment that they are meson-baryon molecular states. In detail, the strong decay constants and partial decay widths of their decay channels are calculated under the framework of QCD sum rules. The decay widths of the discovered $ P_c(4380) $ , $ P_c(4440) $ , and $ P_c(4457) $ are in good agreement with the experiments. The predictions of the decays of these three related possible isospin cousins are presented, which would shed light on their findings in experiments. In return, this may testify to the assignments of the discovered $ P_c $ states.

Xiu-Wu Wang

Xin Li

Zhi-Gang Wang

Systematic study of the strong decays of the $\textit{P}$ $\textit{c}$ states and their possible isospin cousins via the QCD sum rules * Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12575083) and the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (A2024502002)

In this work, we investigate three representative new-physics resonances that couple to Standard Model (SM) quarks through flavor-changing interactions involving the top quark. We identify the possible SMEFT operators at the electroweak scale and analyze their phenomenology.

Min Huang

Yandong Liu

Hao Zhang

Exploring new resonances with direct top flavor changing interactions * Min Huang and Hao Zhang is supported in part by the National Science Foundation of China (12575114, 12235001, 12075257)

We present a comprehensive study of warm hybrid inflation within the framework of $\textit{α}$-attractor models, where an axionic inflaton is coupled to a waterfall field in the presence of thermal dissipation. The model is analyzed for both linear ( $ \Upsilon \propto T $ ) and cubic ( $ \Upsilon \propto T^{3} $ ) dissipation regimes. Confronting the theoretical predictions with the latest observational data from Planck+BICEP/Keck, P-ACT-LB-BK18, and SPT, we find that in the weak dissipative regime ( $ Q_{*} \lesssim 10^{-5} $ ), the scalar spectral index $ n_{s} \simeq 0.965 $ lies at the boundary of the combined P-ACT-LB-BK18 constraints, while the tensor-to-scalar ratio $\textit{r}$ remains within observable ranges. For stronger dissipation ( $ Q_{*} \gtrsim 10^{-2} $ ), the model predicts values of $ n_{s} $ well within the $ 1-2\sigma $ confidence region of all datasets, with tensor modes remaining fully observable in both dissipation scenarios. These results indicate that forthcoming CMB polarization experiments may be capable of detecting primordial gravitational waves, thereby providing a robust observational test of warm hybrid inflation across different dissipative regimes.

Waqas Ahmed

Pakistan

Waqar Ahmad

Ahsan Illahi

M. Junaid

Warm hybrid axion inflation in $\textit{α}$-attractor models constrained by ACT and future plan experiments

The exploration of symmetry laws stands as a cutting-edge direction in modern physics research. This study delves into the examination of $\textit{P}$ and $\rm CP$ symmetry properties within the charm quark system by analyzing asymmetry parameters in the two-body decay process of $ \Omega_c $ . By accounting for the polarization effects of electron and positron beams and employing the helicity formalism, we systematically analyze the decay characteristics of $ \Omega_c $ and its subsequent hyperon decays through specific asymmetry parameters. A comprehensive formulation of the angular distribution for these decay processes has been developed. The research assesses the detection sensitivity of asymmetry parameters in the $ \Omega_c\rightarrow \Omega^-\pi^+ $ decay mode across different experimental conditions, including varying data sample sizes and beam polarization configurations. These results contribute to enriching a theoretical foundation for forthcoming experimental endeavors at the STCF, offering significant implications for symmetry studies in the charm sector.

Yunlu Wang

Yunlong Xiao

Pengcheng Hong

Phenomenological study of Ω $\textit{c}$ → Ω$^{−}$ $\textit{π}$ $^{+}$ at polarized electron-positron collider

Hadron-hadron interactions, being nonperturbative in nature, play a significant role in addressing phenomenological questions in particle physics. Femtoscopy is a powerful tool in heavy-ion collision experiments, enabling the extraction of hadron-hadron interactions via momentum-correlation functions (CFs). These CFs are typically expressed as a convolution of source functions and hadron-hadron wave functions, with the latter encoding information about the interactions. However, source functions remain poorly constrained and are commonly approximated by a Gaussian form. Reconstructing source functions from experimental correlation data constitutes an 'inverse problem.' To address this, we propose a toy model based on Tikhonov regularization. Using a square-well potential with four distinct strengths, we calculate the CFs for inputs of single Gaussian source functions and mixed Gaussian source functions. The resulting CFs are then used to reconstruct the source functions via Tikhonov regularization. Our results show that the Gaussian source function can be successfully reconstructed, highlighting the potential of this approach for extracting realistic source functions from hadron pairs of interest.

Ao-Sheng Xiong

Qi-Wei Yuan

Ming-Zhu Liu

Fu-Sheng Yu

Zhi-Wei Liu

Li-Sheng Geng

Solving the inverse source problem in femtoscopy with a toy model * Supported in part by the Fundamental and Interdisciplinary Disciplines Breakthrough Plan of the Ministry of Education of China (JYB2025XDXM204) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (W2543006, 12435007). Ming-Zhu Liu acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12575086). Zhi-Wei Liu acknowledges support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12405133) and from the Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (ZDSYS20230626091501002). Fu-Sheng Yu and Ao-Sheng Xiong acknowledge support from the Scientific Research Innovation Capability Support Project for Young Faculty (ZYGXQNJSKYCXNLZCXM-P2) and from the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities (lzujbky-2023-stlt01, lzujbky-2024-oy02, lzujbky-2025-eyt01)

For vector/AdS and dS holography we establish the structure of the emergent Hilbert space. This is done through implementation of finite $\textit{N}$ trace relations on the infinite collective space. For fermionic theories a finite Hilbert space is established, while for bosonic theories a space of freely acting primaries multiplied by a finite set of secondaries emerges. The Hilbert space of states obey finite $\textit{N}$ cut off bounds, implying finiteness of traces and entropy.

South Africa

Robert Mello Koch

United States

Antal Jevicki

South Korea

Junggi Yoon

Finite $\textit{N}$ Hilbert spaces of bilocal holography

We study constraints imposed by four-dimensional unitarity (formalised as graded unitarity in recent work by the first author) on possible $$ {\mathcal{W}}_3 $$ vertex algebras arising from four-dimensions via the SCFT/VOA correspondence. Under the assumption that the $$ \mathbf{\mathfrak{R}} $$ -filtration is a weight-based filtration with respect to the usual strong generators of the vertex algebra, we demonstrate that all values of the central charge other than those of the (3, $\textit{q}$ + 4) minimal models are incompatible with four-dimensional unitarity. These algebras are precisely the ones that are realised by performing principal Drinfel’d-Sokolov reduction to boundary-admissible $$ {\mathbf{\mathfrak{sl}}}_3 $$ affine current algebras; those affine algebras were singled out by a similar graded unitarity analysis in [1]. Furthermore, these particular vertex algebras are known to be associated with the ($\textit{A}$ , $\textit{A}$ ) Argyres-Douglas theories.

United Kingdom

Christopher Beem

Harshal Kulkarni

Towards a classification of graded unitary $$ {\mathcal{W}}_3 $$ algebras

We realize a homological block of a knot complement in $\textit{S}$ for $\textit{G}$ = SL(2, $\textit{ℂ}$) as a half-index of a 3d $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 2 theory via an expression of the homological block as an inverted Habiro series by working out some examples, which we expect to extend to general knots. Also, by choosing a certain set of poles in the integral expression of the half-index, we obtain the colored Jones polynomial.

Hee-Joong Chung

3d-3d correspondence and abelian flat connection

Building upon our previous work, this study extends the analysis to the rotating case and systematically examines the combined effects of magnetic charge, spin, and accretion flow structure on the resulting shadow and photon ring features. We derive the photon geodesics in the rotating Hayward spacetime via a semi-analytical approach and perform detailed ray-tracing simulations under both spherical and geometrically thin disk accretion scenarios. Our results demonstrate that the presence of magnetic charge induces significant deformations in the black hole (BH) shadow, most notably the emergence of a characteristic D-shaped asymmetry at high spin values and large inclination angles. Furthermore, we analyze the redshift and intensity distributions associated with both prograde and retrograde accretion disks, revealing that the observed image morphology is strongly influenced by relativistic Doppler boosting, gravitational redshift, and frame-dragging effects. Remarkably, the predicted brightness asymmetry and centroid displacement of the shadow images are in good agreement with current VLBI observations, such as those of M87 $$^{*}$$ . These findings underscore the potential of BH shadow imaging as a powerful probe of deviations from the classical Kerr geometry and offer theoretical guidance for interpreting future high-resolution observations.

Sen Guo

En-Wei Liang

Wen-Hao Deng

Qing-Quan Jiang

Yu Liang

Brazil

Kai Lin

Li-Fang Li

Modeling the shadow and ring structures of rotating Hayward black holes under magnetic charge and accretion influences