Recent experimental hints from the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) in diphoton and partially in the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>τ</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>τ</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></math> final states suggest the possible existence of an additional Higgs boson with a mass around 95 GeV. Interestingly, these observations are consistent with earlier results from the Large Electron-Positron collider, which pointed to an excess in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>b</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math> final states within a similar mass range. Additionally, CMS has observed an excess in the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>γ</mi><mi>γ</mi><mi>b</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math> final state, indicating a possible resonance near 650 GeV decaying into a pair of Standard Model (SM)-like Higgs bosons or into a SM-like Higgs boson accompanied by a lighter scalar with mass near 95 GeV. In this work, we investigate whether these anomalies can be simultaneously explained within the next-to-two-Higgs-doublet model (N2HDM), an extension of the SM scalar sector featuring two complex Higgs doublets and an additional real singlet. Assuming the existence of a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math>-even Higgs state compatible with the 95 GeV excesses (restricted to the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>γ</mi><mi>γ</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>b</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math> channels), we analyze the Type-II and Type-Y Yukawa structures, taking the observed 650 GeV resonance to be a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math>-even Higgs state. An extensive parameter scan is performed, incorporating the latest constraints from the properties of the observed 125 GeV Higgs boson, direct searches for additional Higgs states, flavor physics data, and electroweak precision observables. Our results show that a heavy <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math>-even Higgs resonance around 650 GeV, produced predominantly via gluon-gluon fusion and subsequently decaying into a 125 GeV Higgs boson together with another scalar at approximately 95 GeV, can be simultaneously accommodated within both the N2HDM Type-II and Type-Y frameworks in parameter regions that remain consistent with the relevant experimental <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>2</mn><mi>σ</mi></math> intervals for the reported excesses, once all theoretical and experimental constraints are imposed. This interpretation leads to distinctive and testable predictions for the ongoing LHC Run 3 and the forthcoming high-luminosity LHC phase, in particular through correlated rates in the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>γ</mi><mi>γ</mi><mi>b</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>τ</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>τ</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mi>b</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>b</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>γ</mi><mi>γ</mi></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>γ</mi><mi>γ</mi><msup><mi>τ</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>τ</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></math> final states.

Morocco

R. Benbrik

Poland

M. Boukidi

K. Kahime

United Kingdom

Sweden

S. Moretti

L. Rahili

B. Taki

Interpreting the 650 GeV and 95 GeV Higgs anomalies in the next-to-two-Higgs-doublet model

China

Xuan-Heng Zhang

Sheng-Qi Zhang

Cong-Feng Qiao

Erratum: The spectra of $$p\bar{\Lambda }$$ and $$p\bar{\Sigma }$$ hexaquark states

We measure the time- and phase-space-integrated <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> asymmetry <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></msub></math> in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>D</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mn>0</mn></msup></math> decays reconstructed in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></mrow><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mrow><mi>c</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></mrow></math> events collected by the Belle II experiment from 2019 to 2022. This sample corresponds to an integrated luminosity of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>428</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mi>fb</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math>. We require <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>D</mi><mn>0</mn></msup></math> mesons to be produced in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>D</mi><mrow><mo>*</mo><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>D</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></math> decays to determine their flavor at production. Control samples of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>D</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></math> decays are used to correct for reconstruction-induced asymmetries. The result, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>π</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msup></mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mspace linebreak="goodbreak"></mspace><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>0.29</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.27</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.13</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>%</mo></mrow></math>, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second systematic, is the most precise result to date and is consistent with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> conservation.

M. Abumusabh

I. Adachi

L. Aggarwal

H. Ahmed

Y. Ahn

H. Aihara

N. Akopov

S. Alghamdi

M. Alhakami

A. Aloisio

N. Althubiti

K. Amos

N. Anh Ky

D.M. Asner

H. Atmacan

T. Aushev

R. Ayad

V. Babu

H. Bae

N.K. Baghel

S. Bahinipati

P. Bambade

Sw. Banerjee

M. Barrett

M. Bartl

J. Baudot

A. Beaubien

F. Becherer

J. Becker

J.V. Bennett

F.U. Bernlochner

V. Bertacchi

M. Bertemes

E. Bertholet

M. Bessner

S. Bettarini

V. Bhardwaj

B. Bhuyan

F. Bianchi

T. Bilka

D. Biswas

A. Bobrov

D. Bodrov

G. Bonvicini

J. Borah

A. Boschetti

A. Bozek

M. Bračko

P. Branchini

R.A. Briere

T.E. Browder

A. Budano

S. Bussino

Q. Campagna

M. Campajola

G. Casarosa

C. Cecchi

P. Chang

P. Cheema

L. Chen

B.G. Cheon

C. Cheshta

H. Chetri

K. Chilikin

J. Chin

K. Chirapatpimol

H.E. Cho

K. Cho

S.J. Cho

S.K. Choi

S. Choudhury

J.A. Colorado-Caicedo

I. Consigny

L. Corona

J.X. Cui

S. Das

E. De La Cruz-Burelo

S.A. De La Motte

G. De Nardo

G. De Pietro

R. de Sangro

M. Destefanis

A. Di Canto

Z. Doležal

I. Domínguez Jiménez

T.V. Dong

X. Dong

M. Dorigo

G. Dujany

P. Ecker

D. Epifanov

J. Eppelt

R. Farkas

P. Feichtinger

T. Ferber

T. Fillinger

C. Finck

G. Finocchiaro

F. Forti

B.G. Fulsom

Measurement of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> asymmetry in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>D</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mn>0</mn></msup></math> decays at Belle II

Studying heavy-quark hadrons is crucial due to the nonperturbative nature of low-energy QCD, with Heavy-Quark Symmetry (HQS) serving as a key framework for understanding their spin and flavor symmetries. However, a key issue is that the theoretically expected $$B^{(*)}\bar{K}$$ molecular states have not yet been observed, although they are considered the bottom-quark counterparts of the observed $$\bar{D}^{(*)}\bar{K}$$ molecular states (corresponding to $$D_{s0}(2317/2460)^{-}$$ ), which challenges the universality of HQS. The main goal of this work is to search for the theoretically predicted $$B\bar{K}$$ and $$B^{*}\bar{K}$$ molecular states, namely $$B_{s0}^{*}(5725)$$ and $$B_{s1}^{*}(5778)$$ , via the reactions $$K^{-}p \rightarrow \varLambda _{b}^{0} B_{s0}^{*}$$ and $$K^{-}p \rightarrow \varLambda _{b}^{0} B_{s1}^{*}$$ . Within an effective Lagrangian framework, we compute the relevant cross sections, considering $\textit{t}$-channel $$B^{(*)}$$ exchanges and $$K^{-}p$$ initial-state interactions (ISI). The results show that the production cross sections of $$B_{s0}^{*}(5725)$$ and $$B_{s1}^{*}(5778)$$ can reach the order of 0.01 nb, and we suggest that experiments searching for $$B_{s0}^{*}(5725)$$ are best performed at $$P_{K^{-}} = 12.18~\textrm{GeV}$$ , while higher energies are most favorable for producing $$B_{s1}^{*}(5778)$$ . The ISI play a crucial role, as they not only significantly enhance the production cross sections of $$B_{s0}^{*}(5725)$$ and $$B_{s1}^{*}(5778)$$ (by roughly one order of magnitude) but also markedly affect the angular distributions of the produced particles. We also calculated the production cross sections of the conventional quark–antiquark states $$B_{s0}^*(5700)$$ and $$B_{s1}^*(5720)$$ , which are found to be nearly the same as those of $$B_{s0}^{*}(5725)$$ and $$B_{s1}^{*}(5778)$$ . Although their internal structures remain ambiguous, these results can inform future experimental searches at CERN and J-PARC.

Min Yuan

Yin Huang

A search for $$B_{s0}^{*}$$ and $$B^{*}_{s1}$$ through the $$K^{-}p$$ interaction

The Three-Higgs-Doublet Model (3HDM) extends the Standard Model by introducing two additional scalar doublets, leading to a rich spectrum of new particles: three neutral CP-even Higgs bosons $$(h_1,$$ $$H_2,$$ $$H_3),$$ two neutral CP-odd Higgs bosons $$(A_2,$$ $$A_3),$$ and two charged Higgs bosons $$(H_2^+,$$ $$H_3^+).$$ In this work, we present a phenomenological study of the 3HDM at the future International Linear Collider (ILC) with a center-of-mass energy of $$\sqrt{s} = 1000\,\text {GeV}.$$ Applying a comprehensive set of theoretical and experimental constraints, we identify promising new physics signals with sufficiently large production cross-sections. Our analysis shows that $$e^+e^- \rightarrow H_2 A_2,$$ $$e^+e^- \rightarrow H_2 H_2 Z,$$ $$A_2 A_2 Z,$$ $$H_2 H_2^{\pm } W^{\mp },$$ $$A_2 H_2^{\pm } W^{\mp }$$ and $$H_1 H_2 A_2$$ are among the most sensitive channels to probe this extended Higgs sector. We demonstrate that a future ILC would offer a powerful platform to test these interactions and discover these heavier Higgs bosons thus providing evidence of physics beyond the Standard Model.

India

Baradhwaj Coleppa

Akshat Khanna

Gokul Krishna

ILC phenomenology of the $$Z_3$$ symmetric type-Z three Higgs doublet model

We numerically study the complexity of a strip-shaped subregion by the subregion CV conjecture in backreacting holographic p-wave superconductors in low-dimensional Einstein–Maxwell-complex vector field theory. Based on our results with different mass and charge of the vector field, holographic complexity serves as a good probe to the superconductor phase transitions and exhibits characteristic qualitative behaviors across different types of transition. At the second order phase transition point, the complexity is continuous but non-differentiable, while at the first order and the zeroth order transition points, the complexity has a discontinuous change. The distinction between the first order and zeroth order phase transitions lies in the fact that in the former, the complexity for the normal phase and the superconducting phase can be connected by a metastable condensed phase, whereas in the latter such a metastable phase does not exist. A thermodynamically sub-dominant condensed phase known as “retrograde condensation” is also imprinted on the complexity. For this phase, the complexity only appears in the high temperature regime. Furthermore, the holographic complexity has many different behaviors from the holographic entanglement entropy. Particularly, we find that the complexity for the normal phase shows inconsistent temperature dependence in the case of $$d=2$$ and $$d=3$$ , while such a discrepancy between different dimensions is not observed in the entanglement entropy.

Chuyu Lai

Qiyuan Pan

Holographic complexity for p-wave superconductor models in low-dimensions

Studying experimental observables is a key benchmark for validating theoretical models in high energy physics. In this work, we employ the PACIAE 4.0 model to simulate nonsingle diffractive proton-proton (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></math>) collisions at center-of-mass energies of 0.9, 2.36, and 7 TeV, comparing the results with compact muon solenoid (CMS) experimental data on charged-particle pseudorapidity densities and transverse momentum spectra across different pseudorapidity bins, respectively. Our results show good agreement with the CMS data, particularly only using a single set of parameters for all collision energies. This demonstrates that the PACIAE 4.0 model can serve as a reliable tool for systematically studying the physics of NSD <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></math> collisions.

Zhen Xie

An-Ke Lei

Hua Zheng

Wen-Chao Zhang

Dai-Mei Zhou

Zhi-Lei She

Yu-Liang Yan

Ben-Hao Sa

Pseudorapidity dependence of charged-particle production in nonsingle diffractive <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></math> collisions in the PACIAE 4.0 model

In this paper, we investigate the production of a fully charmed tetraquark state <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mn>4</mn><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math> in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></math> collisions at forward rapidities through the fragmentation mechanism considering the color glass condensate formalism and the solution of the running coupling Balitsky-Kovchegov equation. The contributions of gluon- and charm-initiated processes are taken into account, and the impact of an intrinsic charm component in the proton’s wave function is estimated. Predictions for the transverse momentum distribution of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mn>4</mn><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math> state are presented assuming different rapidities, distinct quantum numbers of the state and center-of-mass energies. Our results indicate that the higher cross section is associated with the production of a tensor state <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mn>4</mn><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mrow><mo>+</mo><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, which is dominated by the gluon-initiated process. In contrast, the production of the axial-vector state <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>T</mi><mrow><mn>4</mn><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo>+</mo><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> is dominated by the charm-initiated process and is very sensitive to the presence (or not) of an intrinsic charm.

Spain

Francesco G. Celiberto

Brazil

André V. Giannini

Victor P. Gonçalves

Yuri N. Lima

Fully charmed tetraquark production in forward rapidity <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></math> collisions at LHC and FCC energies

We propose a three-zero texture for the down-quark mass matrix within a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>S</mi><mi>U</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>5</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> grand unified theory (GUT)-inspired Standard Model, enforced by a noninvertible selection rule originating from <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> gauging of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi><mi>N</mi></msub></math> symmetries. Assuming <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> invariance at the high-energy scale, our framework solves the strong <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> problem while reproducing a realistic quark mass matrix. The <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> symmetry is spontaneously broken down at an intermediate scale via complex vacuum expectation values of new scalar fields <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>η</mi><mi>i</mi></msub></math>, which generate the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> phase in the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix without inducing the quantum chromodynamics (QCD) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mover accent="true"><mi>θ</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math> term. The present model incorporates three generations of matter, Higgs, and additional scalars with a common structure under the noninvertible symmetry, which may be naturally embedded into <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>S</mi><mi>O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>10</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> GUTs at high energies.

Japan

Tatsuo Kobayashi

Hajime Otsuka

Tsutomu T. Yanagida

Noninvertible symmetry as a solution to the strong <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> problem in a GUT-inspired standard model

We investigate the sensitivity of a future high-luminosity <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></math> collider operating at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msqrt><mi>s</mi></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>250</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></math> to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math>-violating and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math>-conserving anomalous <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>h</mi><mi>V</mi><mi>V</mi></math> interactions via the Higgsstrahlung process. The effects of new physics are parametrized in the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT) framework through six dimension-6 operators modifying the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>h</mi><mi>V</mi><mi>V</mi></math> vertices. Using polarized beams and exploiting polarization and spin correlation asymmetries reconstructed from Higgs decay products, we perform a comprehensive analysis across the three dominant decay modes, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>h</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>b</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>W</mi><msup><mi>W</mi><mo>⋆</mo></msup></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi><msup><mi>Z</mi><mo>⋆</mo></msup></math>. The <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>h</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>W</mi><msup><mi>W</mi><mo>⋆</mo></msup></math> channel exhibits the highest sensitivity to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi mathvariant="script">O</mi><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>W</mi></mrow></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi mathvariant="script">O</mi><mrow><mi>H</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>W</mi><mo stretchy="false">˜</mo></mover></mrow></msub></math>, while the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>b</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math> mode constrains the remaining operators with high statistical precision. Sensitivity studies incorporating luminosity scaling and systematic uncertainties show that the projected bounds improve significantly with increasing integrated luminosity, but saturate once experimental systematics exceed the few-percent level. These results highlight the crucial role of spin-based observables and beam polarization in achieving subpercent precision on SMEFT coefficients at future lepton colliders.

Amir Subba

Subhaditya Bhattacharya

Abhik Sarkar

Probing <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math>-violating Higgs-gauge couplings with Higgsstrahlung at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></math> colliders