Scientific AI is rapidly transforming fundamental physics research and challenging defining aspects of the fundamental physics methodology. We discuss opportunities and dangers of this transformation and find exciting benefits from a close interaction between AI and fundamental physics, provided that we remain aware of the scientific methodologies of the respective fields. For fundamental physics, we discuss two such aspects: statistical validation and a generalizing theory description, both with the goal of discovering new physics in vast datasets.

Germany

Michael Krämer

Tilman Plehn

Machine learning is good for physics—and vice versa

Anomalies in the non-leptonic $$\bar{B}^0\rightarrow D^{(*)+}K^{(*)-}$$ and $$\bar{B}^0_s\rightarrow D^{(*)+}_s\pi ^-$$ decays may be an indication of physics beyond the Standard Model, but the large deviations require strongly coupled new physics that should be visible at colliders. We explore three new directions that could lead to viable new physics models, performing a detailed collider study to examine the possible weakening of previously known constraints on additional $$SU(2)_L$$ doublets. Our results show that, despite the difficulty of probing $$t\bar{t}$$ final states, increasing the branching ratio to this decay mode does not significantly weaken the bounds on weak doublet scalars, as additionally existing charged Higgs searches are equally strong. Beyond this, we analyse a potentially large breakdown of QCD factorisation by including large-power corrections to $\textit{B}$ decays, and the effect of diluting collider searches with multi-scalar extensions. We find that these typical model-building routes for constructing a viable scenario remain constrained by collider measurements, indicating that these non-leptonic anomalies remain among the most puzzling discrepancies from the SM.

United Kingdom

Jack Araz

Christoph Englert

Matthew Kirk

Gilberto Tetlalmatzi-Xolocotzi

New insights into the $$b\rightarrow c \bar{u}q$$ puzzle through Top–Bottom synergies

We present updated predictions for the lifetimes of all weakly decaying doubly heavy baryons, including $\textit{bb}$, $\textit{cc}$, and $\textit{bc}$ baryons, as well as for the $\textit{B}$ meson. The analysis includes NNLO corrections to the leading dimension-three contribution, NLO corrections to the chromomagnetic term, and the complete set of currently known NLO corrections to the dimension-six heavy-light quark spectator contributions, including penguin terms. We also compare the results in the $$\overline{\text{M}\text{S} }$$ , kinetic, and, where applicable, Υ mass schemes. For the $\textit{bc}$ baryons, we present predictions for both possible ground-state diquark-spin assignments, $\textit{S}$ = 0 and $\textit{S}$ = 1. In the kinetic scheme we obtain the lifetime hierarchies $$\tau \left({\Xi}_{bb}^{0}\right)&lt;\tau \left({\Xi}_{bb}^{-}\right)\simeq \tau \left({\Omega}_{bb}^{-}\right),\tau \left({\Xi}_{cc}^{+}\right)&lt;\tau \left({\Omega}_{cc}^{+}\right)&lt;\tau \left({\Xi}_{cc}^{++}\right),\tau \left({\Xi}_{bc}^{0}\right)\lesssim \tau \left({\Omega}_{bc}^{0}\right)&lt;\tau \left({\Xi}_{bc}^{+}\right)$$ for $\textit{S}$ = 0, and $$\tau \left({\Xi}_{bc}^{{\prime}0}\right)&lt;\tau \left({\Omega}_{bc}^{{\prime}0}\right)&lt;\tau \left({\Xi}_{bc}^{{\prime}+}\right)$$ for $\textit{S}$ = 1. We also revisit the $\textit{B}$ lifetime and discuss the impact of the newly included Darwin term.

Croatia

Lovro Dulibić

Blaženka Melić

Ivan Nišandžić

New predictions for the lifetimes of doubly heavy baryons and the $\textit{B}$ $\textit{c}$ meson

<p>We report results from searches for new physics models through electron recoils using data collected by the LUX-ZEPLIN experiment during its first two science runs, with a total exposure of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>4.2</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>tonne</mi><mtext>−</mtext><mi>years</mi></mrow></math>. The observed data are consistent with a background-only hypothesis. Constraints are derived for electromagnetic interactions of solar neutrinos, solar axionlike particles (ALPs), mirror dark matter, and the absorption of bosonic dark matter candidates. The inverse Primakoff process for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>Fe</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>57</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow></math> deexcitation solar ALPs is considered for the first time. These results represent the most stringent constraints to date on keV-scale Primakoff and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>Fe</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>57</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow></math> solar ALPs, bosonic dark matter, mirror dark matter, and neutrino millicharge, while remaining competitive for the other signal models investigated.</p>

United States

D.S. Akerib

A.K. Al Musalhi

F. Alder

J. Almquist

C.S. Amarasinghe

A. Ames

T.J. Anderson

N. Angelides

H.M. Araújo

J.E. Armstrong

M. Arthurs

A. Baker

S. Balashov

J. Bang

J.W. Bargemann

Switzerland

E.E. Barillier

K. Beattie

T. Benson

A. Bhatti

T.P. Biesiadzinski

H.J. Birch

E. Bishop

G.M. Blockinger

B. Boxer

C.A.J. Brew

Portugal

P. Brás

S. Burdin

M.C. Carmona-Benitez

M. Carter

A. Chawla

H. Chen

Y.T. Chin

N.I. Chott

S. Contreras

M.V. Converse

R. Coronel

A. Cottle

G. Cox

D. Curran

C.E. Dahl

I. Darlington

S. Dave

A. David

J. Delgaudio

S. Dey

L. de Viveiros

L. Di Felice

C. Ding

J.E.Y. Dobson

E. Druszkiewicz

S. Dubey

C.L. Dunbar

S.R. Eriksen

A. Fan

N.M. Fearon

N. Fieldhouse

S. Fiorucci

H. Flaecher

E.D. Fraser

Australia

T.M.A. Fruth

R.J. Gaitskell

A. Geffre

J. Genovesi

C. Ghag

A. Ghosh

R. Gibbons

S. Gokhale

J. Green

M.G.D. van der Grinten

J.J. Haiston

C.R. Hall

T. Hall

E. Hartigan-O’Connor

S.J. Haselschwardt

M.A. Hernandez

S.A. Hertel

G.J. Homenides

M. Horn

D.Q. Huang

D. Hunt

E. Jacquet

R.S. James

K. Jenkins

A.C. Kaboth

A.C. Kamaha

M.K. Kannichankandy

D. Khaitan

A. Khazov

J. Kim

South Korea

Y.D. Kim

J. Kingston

D. Kodroff

E.V. Korolkova

H. Kraus

S. Kravitz

L. Kreczko

V.A. Kudryavtsev

C. Lawes

D.S. Leonard

K.T. Lesko

Search for New Physics via Low-Energy Electron Recoils with a 4.2 Tonne-Year Exposure from the LZ Experiment

In this article, we have presented one of the very important observations, regarding the behavior of mutual information of two different sets of subsystems in the after Page time scenario. This provides us with some deep insights about the redistribution of geometrical correlation between the two different sets of subsystems on a Cauchy slice. In our earlier works, we have shown how the saturation of mutual information between two specific subsystems plays a vital role in obtaining the correct Page curve for the eternal black hole. In those works, we have shown that the mutual information between $$B_{+}$$ and $$B_{-}$$ , that is, $$I(B_{+}: B_{-})$$ , vanishes at scrambling time, which leads to the correct Page curve. That means that at scrambling time, there is no correlation between $$B_{+}$$ and $$B_{-}$$ . Remarkably, it is observed that at this particular value of observer’s time, the mutual information between $${\mathcal {I}}$$ and $\textit{R}$, that is, $$I({\mathcal {I}}:R)$$ , becomes singular. This indicates that the regions $${\mathcal {I}}$$ and $\textit{R}$ become maximally entangled. This provides us with a notion of the transfer of geometric correlation between different regions on the Cauchy slice. In this work, we have also provided a way to calculate the tripartite mutual information of regions $${\mathcal {I}}$$ , $$R_{+}$$ and $$R_{-}$$ , that is, $$I({\mathcal {I}}:R_{+}{:}R_{-})$$ on the Cauchy slice using the earlier results involving the bipartite regions. This is a new result which was missing in the earlier literature.

India

Anirban Chowdhury

Souvik Paul

Sunandan Gangopadhyay

New insights on mutual information in the island approach to the Page curve

In this paper we study the self-dual higher spin theory in 4$\textit{d}$ recently proposed in [1]. The typical vacuum of higher spin theories is an empty AdS space-time. We consider solutions of special form: space-time geometry associated with spin $\textit{S}$ = 2 field is an AdS, and other fields may have nonzero values, such that the global space-time symmetry of the vacuum is broken to 3$\textit{d}$ Poincaré. We show that the only field possessing this property is a two-parametric scalar vacuum. We also provide a new family of solutions that generalize this scalar vacuum. In addition to the scalar, the family consists of a fermion $\textit{S}$ = 1/2 in the bulk propagating along the radial direction in Poincaré coordinates and trivial fields of all spins. Fields are trivial in the sense that they do not have gauge fields in the bulk and correspond to trivially conserved currents (i.e. constants) on the conformal boundary.

Russia

I. Faliakhov

Self-dual higher spin theory: Poincaré invariance and new solutions

The SND@LHC experiment is currently taking data at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), exploring the unique forward region at pseudorapidities $$7.2<\eta <8.4$$ . Its physics programme covers neutrinos originating from heavy-flavour decays and feebly interacting particles produced in proton–proton collisions. Building upon the successful operation of the present detector, this paper presents the physics reach of the approved SND@LHC upgrade for Run 4 of the LHC, and compares it with an alternative installation scenario. Lowering the detector by approximately 40 cm and shifting it horizontally by about 30 cm, while keeping it off-axis, increases the total neutrino interaction rate by a factor of five. The paper describes the design of the upgraded detector and compares the physics performance in both installation scenarios.

D. Abbaneo

Pakistan

S. Ahmad

Italy

R. Albanese

A. Alexandrov

F. Alicante

F. Aloschi

K. Androsov

A. Anokhina

L. Arellano

Thailand

C. Asawatangtrakuldee

Chile

M. Torres

N. Bangaru

C. Battilana

A. Bay

A. Bertocco

C. Betancourt

D. Bick

R. Biswas

A. Castro

V. Boccia

Bulgaria

M. Bogomilov

D. Bonacorsi

W. Bonivento

P. Bordalo

Netherlands

Ukraine

A. Boyarsky

G. Breglio

T. Bud

S. Buontempo

Georgia

T. Camporesi

V. Canale

D. Centanni

F. Cerutti

A. Cervelli

V. Chariton

M. Chernyavskiy

A. Chiuchiolo

K.Y. Choi

F. Cindolo

Belgium

M. Climescu

G. Dallavalle

N. D’Ambrosio

D. Davino

R. Asmundis

P. Bryas

G. Lellis

M. Magistris

G. Giudice

G. Marzi

A. Roeck

S. Pasquale

A. Rújula

M. Gutierrez

A. Crescenzo

C. Cristo

D. Ferdinando

Türkiye

C. Dinc

SND@LHC upgrade for the high-luminosity LHC: physics reach and installation scenarios