The processes of $ K^-p \to \pi^0 \pi^0 \Sigma^0 $ and $ K^- p \to \pi^0 \Lambda(1405) $ are studied within the effective Lagrangian approach. In addition to the “background” contribution from the $\textit{u}$-channel nucleon pole term, the contribution from the $ \Sigma(1660) $ resonance with spin-parity $ J^P=1/2^+ $ is also considered. For the $ K^-p \to \pi^0 \pi^0 \Sigma^0 $ reaction, we perform a calculation for the total and differential cross sections by considering the contribution from the $ \Sigma(1660) $ intermediate resonance decaying into $ \pi^0 \Lambda(1405) $ with $ \Lambda(1405) $ decaying into $ \pi^0 \Sigma^0 $ . With our model parameters, the available experimental data on both the $ K^-p \to \pi^0 \pi^0 \Sigma^0 $ and $ K^- p \to \pi^0 \Lambda(1405) $ reactions can be fairly well reproduced. It is shown that the contribution from the $ \Sigma(1660) $ resonance is necessary, and that these experimental measurements could be used to determine some properties of the $ \Sigma(1660) $ resonance.

China

Xing-Yi Ji

Si-Wei Liu

Wen-Tao Lyu

De-Min Li

En Wang

Ju-Jun Xie

Role of Σ(1660) in the $\textit{K}$ $^{−}$ $\textit{p}$ → $\textit{π}$ $^{0}$ $\textit{π}$ $^{0}$Σ$^{0}$ reaction * Supported by the National Key R&D Program of China (2023YFA1606703, 2024YFE0105200), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12435007, 12475086, 12192263, 12361141819, 1252200936), the Natural Science Foundation of Henan (232300421140, 252300423951) and the Zhengzhou University Young Student Basic Research Projects (PhD students) (ZDBJ202522)

We have performed an updated analysis of the angular distribution of the $ \psi(3686) \to p\bar{p} $ decay by considering transverse beam polarization to investigate potential sources of forward-backward asymmetry and azimuthal modulation beyond the simple $ 1+\alpha\cos^2\theta $ form. We focus on the interference between the $ \psi(3686) $ resonance and two-photon exchange continuum process, as well as on the background from initial-state–final-state radiation (ISR–FSR) interference. A maximum-likelihood fit to the $ \cos\theta $ distribution of $ \psi(3686)\to p\bar{p} $ yields $ \alpha = 1.00 \pm 0.03 $ , which is consistent with previous results. Our model predicts a significant $ \sin(2\phi) $ modulation in the azimuthal angle, indicating the influence of transverse beam polarization. Based on these findings, two-dimensional angular analyses can be conducted in the future to fully disentangle the polarization and interference dynamics in charmonium decays to baryon pairs.

Zhi Gao

Rong-Gang Ping

Minggang Zhao

Update analysis of $ {\psi(3686)\to p\bar{p}}$ * The work is partly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(NSFC) (12575112)

This study investigates the ultraviolet realization of semileptonic four-fermion operator $ O_{ledq}^{\alpha \beta 11} $ that incorporates Majorana dark matter (DM) in both lepton-flavor-conserving (LFC) and lepton-flavor-violating (LFV) scenarios at the one-loop level via box diagram, thereby effectively alleviating the lower bounds on the new physics scale. In addition, we investigate the interplay between model-independent constraints on the Wilson coefficients and DM direct detection, relic density, and collider searches in the context of fermion portal DM model with two mediators. We found that both the projected future constraint on the LFC Wilson coefficient $ C_{ledq}^{2211}/\Lambda^2 \lt $ $ (12.3\; \text{TeV})^{-2} $ from the measurements of neutrino non-standard interaction in the next-generation neutrino oscillation experiments, and the LFV constraint $ C_{ledq}^{1211}/\Lambda^2 \lt \left(2.2\times 10^3\; \text{TeV} \right)^{-2} $ from ongoing charged-lepton-flavor-violation searches, provide a complementary exploration of the parameter space encompassing the DM and scalar masses. With a colored mediator mass of approximately $ 2\; \text{TeV} $ , the sensitivity of the indirect constraints on the four-fermion operator can surpass those of collider searches and DM direct detection, in scenarios where the masses of the DM and scalar are close. By ensuring the correct DM relic density, however, we find that the collider searches and DM direct detection are more sensitive to the electroweak-scale DM and scalar than indirect constraints.

Yuxuan He

Gang Li

Jia Liu

Xiao-Ping Wang

Xiang Zhao

Lepton flavor of four-fermion operator and fermion portal dark matter * Gang Li and Xiang Zhao are supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12347105, 12505127), the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2024A1515012668). The work of Jia Liu is supported by the National Science Foundation of China (12235001, 12475103) and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology (NPT2025ZX11). The work of Xiao-Ping Wang is supported by National Science Foundation of China (12375095) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

Extracting accurate results from neutrino oscillation and cross section experiments requires accurate simulation of the neutrino-nucleus interaction. The rescattering of outgoing hadrons (final state interactions) by the rest of the nucleus is an important component of these interactions. We present a new measurement of proton transparency (defined as the fraction of outgoing protons that emerge without significant rescattering) using electron-nucleus scattering data recorded by the CLAS detector at Jefferson Laboratory on helium, carbon, and iron targets. This analysis uses a new data-driven method to extract the transparency. It defines transparency as the ratio of electron-scattering events with a detected proton to quasi-elastic electron-scattering events where a proton should have been knocked out. Our results are consistent with previous measurements that determined the transparency from the ratio of measured events to theoretically predicted events. We find that the GENIE event generator, which is widely used by oscillation experiments to simulate neutrino-nucleus interactions, needs to better describe both the nuclear ground state and proton rescattering in order to reproduce our measured transparency ratios, especially at lower proton momenta.

United States

S. Dytman

M. Betancourt

N. Steinberg

L.B. Weinstein

Israel

A. Ashkenazi

J. Tena-Vidal

A. Papadopoulou

G. Chambers-Wall

J. Smith

P. Achenbach

France

J.S. Alvarado

M.J. Amaryan

H. Atac

Saudi Arabia

L. Baashen

N.A. Baltzell

Italy

L. Barion

United Kingdom

M. Bashkanov

M. Battaglieri

F. Benmokhtar

A. Bianconi

A.S. Biselli

M. Bondi

F. Bossù

S. Boiarinov

Germany

K.-Th. Brinkmann

W.J. Briscoe

Chile

W.K. Brooks

S. Bueltmann

V.D. Burkert

T. Cao

R. Capobianco

D.S. Carman

J.C. Carvajal

P. Chatagnon

Russia

V. Chesnokov

H. Chinchay

G. Ciullo

P.L. Cole

M. Contalbrigo

A. D’Angelo

Armenia

N. Dashyan

R. De Vita

M. Defurne

A. Deur

S. Diehl

C. Djalali

R. Dupre

H. Egiyan

A. El Alaoui

L. El Fassi

L. Elouadrhiri

M. Farooq

S. Fegan

I.P. Fernando

A. Filippi

G. Gavalian

G.P. Gilfoyle

R.W. Gothe

L. Guo

K. Hafidi

H. Hakobyan

M. Hattawy

F. Hauenstein

T.B. Hayward

D. Heddle

A. Hobart

M. Holtrop

Yu-Chun Hung

Y. Ilieva

D.G. Ireland

E.L. Isupov

H. Jiang

South Korea

H.S. Jo

S. Joosten

M. Khandaker

A. Kim

W. Kim

F.J. Klein

V. Klimenko

A. Kripko

V. Kubarovsky

S.E. Kuhn

L. Lanza

P. Lenisa

D. Marchand

V. Mascagna

D. Matamoros

B. McKinnon

T. Mineeva

M. Mirazita

V. Mokeev

C. Munoz Camacho

P. Nadel-Turonski

T. Nagorna

K. Neupane

D. Nguyen

S. Niccolai

M. Osipenko

L.L. Pappalardo

R. Paremuzyan

Proton transparency and neutrino physics: New methods and modeling

The restricted quantum focusing conjecture (rQFC) plays a central role in an axiomatic formulation of semiclassical gravity. Since much hinges on its validity, it is imperative to subject the rQFC to rigorous tests in novel settings. Here we do so in two independent directions.

Belgium

Victor Franken

Sami Kaya

François Rondeau

Arvin Shahbazi-Moghaddam

Patrick Tran

Tests of restricted quantum focusing and a new CFT bound

Brazil

Níckolas Aguiar Alves

Lectures on the Bondi–Metzner–Sachs Group and related topics in infrared physics

Quantum chromodynamics (QCD) is the fundamental theory describing strong interactions. Owing to asymptotic freedom at short distances, high-energy physical observables can be predicted using perturbative QCD (pQCD) following proper factorization. It has been demonstrated that the conventional renormalization scheme-and-scale ambiguities that appear in fixed-order pQCD series can be eliminated by recursively applying the renormalization group equation, aided by the principle of maximum conformality (PMC). To extend the predictive power of pQCD, we still face the challenge of reliably estimating contributions from unknown higher-order (UHO) terms. In this paper, we propose a novel method for estimating one-order higher QCD corrections to the perturbative series: using linear regression through the origin (LRTO) to determine the asymptotic form of the pQCD series below the optimal truncation order $$N^*$$ . When the given $$\alpha _s$$ -order is below $$N^*$$ , its perturbative behavior will be dominated by the usual $$\alpha _s$$ -power suppression and the sub-leading corrections are treated as a source of theoretical uncertainty. This approach enables a quantitative assessment of the series convergence and derives estimate for unknown higher-order contributions. To illustrate this method, we apply it to the important ratio $$R_\tau $$ which has been calculated up to four-loop QCD corrections. Our results show that the LRTO method yields reliable estimates of the UHO terms, demonstrating its own reliability and significant predictive power for such estimations. In particular, we find that the scale-invariant, more rapidly convergent PMC series exhibits better predictive power – along with greater stability and reliability – compared to the initial scale-dependent pQCD series.

Zhi-Fei Wu

Xing-Gang Wu

Jiang Yan

Xu-Dong Huang

Jian-Ming Shen

A new method for estimating unknown one-order higher QCD corrections to the perturbative series using the linear regression through the origin

A measurement of parity violation in the hyperfine structure of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>Ba</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>138</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">F</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>19</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow></math> [E. Altuntaş et al. <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.142501">Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 142501 (2018)</a>] is reinterpreted with electronic structure calculations in terms of beyond standard model vector boson mediated electron-nucleus interactions. Our results set constraints on previously unexplored, new boson mediated axial vector-vector nucleus-electron interactions. Similar bounds are obtained by analyzing the atomic parity violation experiment with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>Cs</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>133</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow></math>. Moreover, we show that future experiments with cold heavy diatomic molecules like <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>BaF</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>137</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow></math> or <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mmultiscripts><mrow><mi>RaF</mi></mrow><mprescripts></mprescripts><none></none><mrow><mn>225</mn></mrow></mmultiscripts></mrow></math> can improve the present sensitivity to axial vector-vector nucleus-electron and nucleon-nucleus interactions by at least 2 orders of magnitude for large boson masses.

Konstantin Gaul

Lei Cong

Dmitry Budker

Constraints on New Vector Boson Mediated Electron-Nucleus Interactions from Spectroscopy Data of Polar Diatomic Molecules

In the exploration of the vast string landscape, we provide new analytic solutions of non-SUSY black branes in 10-D heterotic supergravity which exhibit a phase transition. Our black brane solutions carry two kinds of gauge charges but still are exact, which extends the recent developments in classification of heterotic branes. The solutions offer a novel method to embed previously known noncritical 2-D or 3-D solutions to the critical dimensions. Furthermore, by performing a perturbative analysis of the non-Abelian gauge field on this exact background, we analytically find that as the temperature decreases, a spontaneous symmetry breaking occurs, leading to a dynamical instability accompanied by gauge field condensation. This instability embodies a phase transition of black branes in heterotic supergravity, and analytically predicts the existence of unknown black hole solutions to be unveiled. Our results suggest that phase transition phenomena can be used to explore and analyze the phase structure of black hole solutions, for systematically discovering and classifying stringy black holes.

Japan

Seiken Chikazawa

Koji Hashimoto

New analytic solutions of non-SUSY black branes in 10-D heterotic supergravity and the phase transition

We study the processes <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>τ</mi></msub><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><msup><mi>τ</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>τ</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>ν</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>τ</mi></msub><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi><msup><mi>τ</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>ν</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>τ</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, with particular emphasis on the pion energy and angular distributions, as a possible signal for lepton flavor universality violation, and in general of physics beyond the Standard Model (SM), as well as a sensitive probe of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>τ</mi></math> polarization vector. We work within an effective low-energy extension of the SM with all dimension-six four-fermion operators. In this framework, complex Wilson coefficients which encode new physics can generate <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></math>-violating contributions. We propose an observable that provides a genuine <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></math>-odd signal due to its sensitivity to particular transverse components of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>τ</mi></math> polarization vector. Namely, we show that the asymmetry in the azimuthal-angle distribution of the pion in the decay <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>τ</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>τ</mi></msub></math> constitutes a smoking-gun prediction of such a beyond the SM scenario. We estimate the strength of this effect extrapolating nucleon-hyperon form factors recently obtained from lattice QCD calculations.

Spain

E. Hernández

J. Nieves

Sweden

J.E. Sobczyk

Probing new physics and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow></math> violation in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>τ</mi></msub><mi>n</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><msup><mi>τ</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>τ</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>ν</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>τ</mi></msub><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi><msup><mi>τ</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>ν</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>τ</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>