Recent breakthroughs in research and experimentation have led to the identification of numerous exotic states in particle physics. Each new discovery not only sparks excitement for future findings but also fuels interest in uncovering additional unknown states. Motivated by this perspective and the recent identification of both standard and exotic hadrons with an increasing number of heavy quarks, this study conducts a spectroscopic analysis of possible pentaquark candidates with spin-parity $$\frac{1}{2}^-,$$ and quark content of $$cccb\bar{c}$$ and $$bbbc\bar{b}.$$ The masses of these states are calculated by considering the relevant Lorentz structures, including and $${\mathbbm {1}},$$ yielding the following results, respectively: for the $$P_{(4cb)}$$ state, $$m_{P_{(4cb)}} = 11388.30 \pm 107.79$$ MeV and $$m_{P_{(4cb)}} = 11368.30 \pm 112.68$$ MeV, and for the $$P_{(4bc)}$$ state, $$m_{P_{(4bc)}} = 20998.30 \pm 121.52$$ MeV and $$m_{P_{(4bc)}} = 20990.50 \pm 125.87$$ MeV. Additionally, the current coupling constants of these states to the vacuum, which are essential for analyzing their potential decay modes, are also provided in this study.

Iran

Türkiye

K. Azizi

Y. Sarac

H. Sundu

Investigation of full heavy $$QQQQ'\bar{Q}$$ pentaquark candidates

The axially symmetric $\textit{U}$(1) gauged self-interacting Q-balls are shown to support normalizable fermionic bound states, minimally coupled to the electromagnetic field of the Q-ball. It is shown that the effects of the backreaction of the fermionic mode are very small in the range of the system parameters studied. We explore the domain of existence of the solutions and address some of their physical properties. Among other properties, we observe that, for the bound mode, the eigenvalue of the Dirac operator remains positive, there is no zero mode in the spectrum, as expected in a theory with finite bare fermionic mass in the absence of the Yukawa coupling.

Russia

Kazakhstan

Kyrgyz Republic

Vladimir Dzhunushaliev

Vladimir Folomeev

Brazil

Yakov Shnir

Fermions localized on $\textit{U}$(1) gauged Q-balls

The most precise measurement to date of the <inline-figure xmlns:ns0='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'><link locator='fx001' ns0:type='simple' ns0:href='pii:S0370269325005155/fx001' ns0:role='http://data.elsevier.com/vocabulary/ElsevierContentTypes/23.4' id='ln0250' /><alt-text role='short' id='at0270'>Image 1</alt-text></inline-figure> boson hadronic decay branching fraction ratio <inline-figure xmlns:ns0='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'><link locator='fx002' ns0:type='simple' ns0:href='pii:S0370269325005155/fx002' ns0:role='http://data.elsevier.com/vocabulary/ElsevierContentTypes/23.4' id='ln0260' /><alt-text role='short' id='at0280'>Image 2</alt-text></inline-figure> is presented. The measurement is based on a sample of proton-proton collision data from the CERN LHC collected by the CMS experiment at a center-of-mass energy of 13&#8239;TeV in 2016&#8211;2018 with an integrated luminosity of <math altimg='si3.svg'><mn>138</mn><mrow><mspace width='0.2em' /><msup><mrow><mtext>fb</mtext></mrow><mrow><mo>&#8722;</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>. The large cross section of top quark-antiquark production at the LHC offers a sizable high-purity sample of <inline-figure xmlns:ns0='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'><link locator='fx001' ns0:type='simple' ns0:href='pii:S0370269325005155/fx001' ns0:role='http://data.elsevier.com/vocabulary/ElsevierContentTypes/23.4' id='ln0270' /><alt-text role='short' id='at0290'>Image 3</alt-text></inline-figure> bosons suitable for this measurement. Events with one charged lepton (electron or muon) and at least four jets, two tagged as bottom quark jets, are analyzed. Charm jets are tagged using the presence of a muon inside the jet. The result, <inline-figure xmlns:ns0='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink'><link locator='fx003' ns0:type='simple' ns0:href='pii:S0370269325005155/fx003' ns0:role='http://data.elsevier.com/vocabulary/ElsevierContentTypes/23.4' id='ln0280' /><alt-text role='short' id='at0300'>Image 4</alt-text></inline-figure>, is consistent with the standard model prediction and is twice as precise as the current world-average value.

Armenia

A. Hayrapetyan

A. Tumasyan

Austria

W. Adam

J.W. Andrejkovic

L. Benato

T. Bergauer

S. Chatterjee

K. Damanakis

M. Dragicevic

P.S. Hussain

M. Jeitler

N. Krammer

A. Li

D. Liko

I. Mikulec

J. Schieck

R. Schöfbeck

D. Schwarz

M. Sonawane

W. Waltenberger

C.E. Wulz

Belgium

T. Janssen

T. Van Laer

P. Van Mechelen

N. Breugelmans

J. D'Hondt

S. Dansana

A. De Moor

M. Delcourt

F. Heyen

S. Lowette

I. Makarenko

D. Müller

S. Tavernier

M. Tytgat

G.P. Van Onsem

S. Van Putte

D. Vannerom

B. Bilin

B. Clerbaux

A.K. Das

I. De Bruyn

G. De Lentdecker

H. Evard

L. Favart

P. Gianneios

J. Jaramillo

A. Khalilzadeh

F.A. Khan

K. Lee

A. Malara

M.A. Shahzad

L. Thomas

M. Vanden Bemden

C. Vander Velde

P. Vanlaer

M. De Coen

D. Dobur

G. Gokbulut

Y. Hong

J. Knolle

L. Lambrecht

D. Marckx

K. Mota Amarilo

K. Skovpen

N. Van Den Bossche

J. van der Linden

L. Wezenbeek

A. Benecke

A. Bethani

G. Bruno

C. Caputo

J. De Favereau De Jeneret

C. Delaere

I.S. Donertas

A. Giammanco

A.O. Guzel

Sa. Jain

V. Lemaitre

J. Lidrych

P. Mastrapasqua

T.T. Tran

S. Turkcapar

G.A. Alves

E. Coelho

G. Correia Silva

C. Hensel

T. Menezes De Oliveira

C. Mora Herrera

P. Rebello Teles

M. Soeiro

E.J. Tonelli Manganote

A. Vilela Pereira

W.L. Aldá Júnior

M. Barroso Ferreira Filho

H. Brandao Malbouisson

W. Carvalho

J. Chinellato

E.M. Da Costa

G.G. Da Silveira

Measurement of the W boson decay branching fraction ratio <math altimg='si1.svg'><mi mathvariant='script'>B</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi mathvariant='normal'>W</mi><mo stretchy='false'>&#8594;</mo><mi mathvariant='normal'>c</mi><mi mathvariant='normal'>q</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo><mo stretchy='false'>/</mo><mi mathvariant='script'>B</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi mathvariant='normal'>W</mi><mo stretchy='false'>&#8594;</mo><mi mathvariant='normal'>q</mi><msup><mrow><mover accent='true'><mrow><mi mathvariant='normal'>q</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy='false'>&#175;</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mo>&#8242;</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo></math> in proton-proton collisions at <math altimg='si2.svg'><msqrt><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msqrt><mo linebreak='goodbreak' linebreakstyle='after'>=</mo><mn>13</mn><mspace width='0.2em' /><mtext>TeV</mtext></math>

We present an analytic reconstruction of one-loop amplitudes for the process $$ 0\to \overline{q} qt\overline{t}H $$ . Our calculation is a novel use of analytic reconstruction, retaining explicit covariance in the massive spin states through the massive spinor-helicity formalism. The analytic reconstruction relies on embedding the massive five-point kinematics in a fully massless eight-point phase space while still building a minimal ansatz directly in the five-point phase space. In order to obtain compact analytic expressions it is necessary to identify suitable partial fraction decompositions and extract common numerator factors, which we achieve through careful inspection of limits in which pairs of denominators vanish. We find that the resulting amplitudes are more numerically efficient than ones computed using automatic methods but that the gains are not as significant as in the massless case, at least at present. The method opens the door to applications at two-loop order, where numerical efficiency and improvements in the reconstruction methodology are more crucial, especially with regards to the number of free parameters in the ansatz.

United States

John Campbell

United Kingdom

Giuseppe Laurentis

R. Ellis

Analytic reconstruction with massive particles: one-loop amplitudes for $$ 0\to \overline{q} qt\overline{t}H $$

We investigate the impact of bulk viscosity on the accelerating expansion and large-scale structure formation of a Universe in which the underlying gravitational interaction is described by $\textit{f}$($\textit{Q}$) gravity. Various paradigmatic choices of the $\textit{f}$($\textit{Q}$) gravity theory, including power-law, exponential, and logarithmic models, are considered. To test the cosmological viability of these $\textit{f}$($\textit{Q}$) gravity models, we use the Baryon Acoustic Oscillations ($\textit{BAO}$) measurements from the Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument (DESI) Survey, cosmic chronometers ($\textit{CC}$) from Hubble measurements, the SNIa distance moduli measurements from the $\textit{PantheonP + SH0ES}$, growth rate ($\textit{f}$-data), and redshift-space distortions $$(f\sigma _8)$$ datasets, the latter two once the linear cosmological perturbations, growth rate $\textit{f}$($\textit{z}$), and redshift-space distortion $$f\sigma _8(z)$$ are studied. Thus, we perform the combined analyses for: $\textit{PantheonP + SH0ES}$, $\textit{PantheonP + SH0ES}$ + $\textit{f}$, and $\textit{PantheonP + SH0ES}$ + $$f\sigma _8$$ . We compute the best-fit values $$\varOmega _m,$$ $$H_0\,\mathrm {(km/s/Mpc)},$$ $$r_d,$$ $$M_{abs},$$ $$\gamma ,$$ $$\sigma _8,$$ $\textit{n}$, $\textit{p}$ and $$\varGamma $$ including the bulk viscosity coefficient $$\zeta .$$ Through a detailed statistical analysis, based on the Akaike Information Criterion (AIC) and Bayesian/Schwartz Information Criterion (BIC), a statistical comparison of the $\textit{f}$($\textit{Q}$) gravity models with $$\varLambda $$ CDM is made. Among the three $\textit{f}$($\textit{Q}$) models, only the non-viscous $\textit{f}$($\textit{Q}$) power-law model yields robust parameter estimates and substantial observational support without any outright rejections. In contrast, both exponential and logarithmic $\textit{f}$($\textit{Q}$) models (with or without bulk viscosity) are rejected by multiple model selection criteria. Moreover, adding bulk viscosity consistently increases $$\varDelta $$ AIC and $$\varDelta $$ BIC values, indicating that its inclusion is not statistically justified.

Ethiopia

South Africa

Shambel Sahlu

Renier Hough

Amare Abebe

Spain

Álvaro Cruz-Dombriz

Constraining viscous-fluid models in $\textit{f}$($\textit{Q}$) gravity with data

This study explores wormhole solutions within two distinct modified gravity theories, namely <math altimg='si1.svg'><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>T</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo></math> gravity and <math altimg='si2.svg'><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>T</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo></math> gravity, incorporating Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) dark matter to analyze their geometric properties. The primary objective is to comprehensively compare wormhole characteristics in these frameworks under the influence of BEC matter. The derived shape functions satisfy all fundamental traversability conditions. Furthermore, we examine the energy conditions, revealing that the NEC holds in <math altimg='si1.svg'><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>R</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>T</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo></math> gravity but is violated in <math altimg='si2.svg'><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>T</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo></math> gravity, highlighting the contrasting nature of wormhole solutions in these theories. Additionally, we investigate the effects of anisotropy, active gravitational mass, and surface diagram of wormhole geometries. Our findings confirm the existence of physically viable and stable wormhole models within these modified gravity theories.

India

Chaitra Chooda Chalavadi

H. Aruna Kumara

V. Venkatesha

Probing the geometries of wormholes: A comparative study of <italic>f</italic>( <italic>R</italic>, <italic>T</italic>) and <italic>f</italic>( <italic>Q</italic>, <italic>T</italic>) theories in the presence of BEC matter

This study investigates the evolution of Friedmann-Robertson-Walker (FRW) cosmological models within the <math altimg='si1.svg'><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo></math> gravity framework, utilizing a specific <math altimg='si1.svg'><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo></math> formulation and a novel Hubble parameter <math altimg='si2.svg'><mi>H</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>z</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo></math> parameterization to probe the universe's accelerating expansion. A central aspect is the application of advanced machine learning techniques for cosmological parameter estimation, alongside comparisons with traditional Bayesian (MCMC) methods. We employ a hybrid Mixed Neural Network (MNN), which synergistically combines Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs) and Mixture Density Networks (MDNs), to enhance the accuracy and robustness of parameter constraints. This MNN architecture is integrated into the CoLFI (Cosmological Likelihood-Free Inference) framework. CoLFI facilitates likelihood-free inference, a significant methodological advancement that provides an efficient and robust alternative, particularly for complex models with computationally expensive or intractable likelihood functions. Training efficiency for the neural networks is optimized by generating data via hyperellipsoid sampling. The <math altimg='si1.svg'><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo></math> model, constrained using these diverse approaches, successfully describes a universe transitioning from an early decelerating phase to the current accelerated expansion, with a computed transition redshift of <math altimg='si3.svg'><msub><mrow><mi>z</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>t</mi></mrow></msub><mo linebreak='goodbreak' linebreakstyle='after'>=</mo><mn>0.60</mn></math>. The physical and kinematic properties of the model are discussed, underscoring the efficacy of the MNN-CoLFI methodology and its consistency with MCMC results, while highlighting its advantages for obtaining observational constraints in <math altimg='si1.svg'><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mi>Q</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo></math> gravity.

Lokesh Kumar Sharma

Suresh Parekh

Anil Kumar Yadav

Observational constraints using Bayesian statistics and deep learning in <italic>f</italic>( <italic>Q</italic>) gravity

Our paper examines effect of the recently developed <math altimg='si1.svg'><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mtext mathvariant='italic'>Q</mtext><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant='normal'>T</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo></math> theory on a structure of dense objects containing dense matter distribution. For this purpose, we consider viable solutions to study the interior region of considered compact stars. With the Darmois constraints we evaluate unidentified constants of metric coefficients. Additionally, assume a precise <math altimg='si1.svg'><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mtext mathvariant='italic'>Q</mtext><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant='normal'>T</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo></math> theory model to reduce complication of the system and obtain explicit equation of matter contents that further used to investigate various physical parameters in the interior of considered compact objects. The equilibrium state for dense compact stars is determined by the TOV equations. The stability state for the compact stars is determined by the causality method. We finalize that the anisotropic spheres in <math altimg='si1.svg'><mi>f</mi><mo stretchy='false'>(</mo><mtext mathvariant='italic'>Q</mtext><mo>,</mo><mi mathvariant='normal'>T</mi><mo stretchy='false'>)</mo></math> theory background are feasibly stable.

Azerbaijan

China

M. Zeeshan Gul

Pakistan

M. Sharif

Adeeba Arooj

Faisal Javed

Analysis of physical aspects in the interior of static spherical spacetime admitting Durgapal-IV spacetime in <italic>f</italic>( <italic>Q</italic>,T) theory

The transverse momentum dependent (TMD) factorization theorem accommodates various types of power corrections. Among them, the least studied are $\textit{q}$ $\textit{/Q}$ corrections, which become significant at large values of transverse momentum. These corrections partially originate from higher-twist TMD distributions, which exhibit singularity at small transverse distances. We propose a decomposition that reveals this singularity explicitly, and makes the $\textit{q}$ $\textit{/Q}$ correction manifest. As a concrete application, we consider the next-to-leading power correction for the angular distributions in Drell-Yan, and determine the leading $\textit{q}$ $\textit{/Q}$ corrections. These corrections are significant for the angular distributions $\textit{A}$ and $\textit{A}$ , in complete agreement with the data.

Arturo Arroyo-Castro

Ignazio Scimemi

Alexey Vladimirov

Leading $\textit{q}$

<p>We study the evolution of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi></math>-balls under a spontaneously broken global U(1) symmetry. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi></math>-balls are stabilized by the conservation of U(1) charge, but when the symmetry is spontaneously broken, the resulting Nambu-Goldstone boson can carry charge away from the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi></math>-ball, potentially leading to charge leakage. To study this process in a controlled setting, we consider a scenario where <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi></math>-balls first form under an unbroken U(1) symmetry, which is then spontaneously broken. We introduce two complex scalar fields: one responsible for forming the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi></math>-ball, and the other for spontaneously breaking the U(1) symmetry, allowing us to clearly separate the formation and symmetry-breaking phases. Using numerical simulations in a spherically symmetric system, we find that the evolution of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi></math>-balls depends sensitively on the structure of the interaction between the two fields and the magnitude of symmetry breaking. Depending on parameters, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi></math>-balls can completely decay, evaporate into smaller, stable <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi></math>-balls, or transition into oscillons/I-balls. In particular, we find that stable, localized remnants often survive the evolution over long timescales, especially when the symmetry-breaking scale is small. These results demonstrate that, even though spontaneous U(1) breaking can lead to significant energy and charge loss from <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi></math>-balls, stable localized objects with reduced or no charge can frequently survive and potentially contribute to cosmological relics.</p>

Japan

Masahiro Kawasaki

Kai Murai

Fuminobu Takahashi

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi></math>-balls under a spontaneously broken U(1) symmetry