We discuss the dynamics of the quantum fluctuation around the nonlinear massive wave solution in the Higgs potential. In particular, we analyze the stability and instability of the mode function. Using the stability condition for Hill’s equation, we obtain the instability region of the mode function in the quantum fluctuation as the function of the parameters in the mode equation. We show that the two types of the instabilities of the system in the particle number can be understood by the Floquet’s exponents in the instability parameter region. The analysis will be useful to understand the dynamics of the quantum field theory around the nonlinear massive wave solution when the classical background slightly deviates from the constant background during the middle stage of the phase transition.

Taiwan

Yoshio Kitadono

Japan

Tomohiro Inagaki

Instability of quantum fluctuation around classical nonlinear massive wave solution in Higgs potential and particle creations

We compute various averages over bulk geometries of quantum states prepared by the Chern-Simons path integral, for any level <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>k</mi></math> and compact simple gauge group <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>G</mi></math>. We do so by carefully summing over all topologically distinct bulk geometries which have <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>n</mi></math> disjoint boundary tori and a decomposition into <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>space</mi><mo>×</mo><mi>time</mi></mrow></math> of fixed spatial topology. We find that to leading order in the complexity of the state, the typical state contains many types of multiparty entanglement, proving a conjecture of Balasubramanian et al. Combined with the fact that periodic link states are Greenberger–Horne–Zeilinger (GHZ)-like, this result implies that a generic fibered link state contains non-GHZ entanglement if and only if its link complement is hyperbolic. Additionally, we compute an averaged wave function which captures the leading order statistics of boundary observables in the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>n</mi></math> torus Chern-Simons Hilbert space.

United States

Charlie Cummings

Entanglement in typical states of Chern-Simons theory

The pseudorapidity density distributions of charged particles and the transverse-momentum spectra of identified particles in proton-proton (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></math>) collisions at the center-of-mass energies ranging from <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><msqrt><mi>s</mi></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>200</mn></mrow></math> GeV to 13 TeV have been systematically studied using the newly released parton and cascade model paciae 4.0 based on pythia 8.3. The available experimental data are well reproduced across all analyzed aspects. This theoretical method can be easily extended to anywhere the experimental data for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></math> collisions are currently unavailable. Furthermore, since <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></math> collisions serve as the baseline for heavy-ion collisions, our results can provide a valuable resource for both experimentalists and theorists.

China

Zhen Xie

An-Ke Lei

Hua Zheng

Wenchao Zhang

Dai-Mei Zhou

Zhi-Lei She

Yu-Liang Yan

Ben-Hao Sa

Pseudorapidity density distributions of charged particles and transverse-momentum spectra of identified particles in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></math> collisions in the PACIAE 4.0 model

We introduce a novel parametrization of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>π</mi><mi>π</mi><mo>ℓ</mo><mi>ν</mi></math> form factors relying on partial-wave decompositions and series expansions in suitable variables. We bound the expansion coefficients through unitarity and include left-hand cut contributions using established dispersive methods. The two-hadron line shapes are treated in a model-independent manner using Omnès functions, thus allowing for a data-driven determination of the expansion parameters. We study the underlying composition of the di-pion system in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>π</mi><mi>π</mi><mo>ℓ</mo><mi>ν</mi></math> decays through fits to differential spectra of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><mi>ν</mi></math> measured by the Belle experiment. In contrast to previous works, we are able to study the full phase space and are not limited to certain kinematic regions. As a consequence, we extract branching fractions for the different partial waves of the di-pion system. We find <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">B</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mi>S</mi></msub><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><mi>ν</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><msubsup><mn>2.2</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1.0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>1.4</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">B</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mi>P</mi></msub><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><mi>ν</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mspace linebreak="goodbreak"></mspace><msubsup><mn>19.6</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2.7</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>2.8</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">B</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mi>D</mi></msub><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><mi>ν</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><msubsup><mn>3.5</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1.1</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>1.3</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></math>. In addition, we derive predictions for the thus far unobserved <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>π</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><mi>ν</mi></math> decay and obtain a sizable branching fraction of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">B</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>π</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><mi>ν</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><msubsup><mn>2.9</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>0.7</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>0.9</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></math>.

Switzerland

Florian Herren

Germany

Bastian Kubis

Raynette van Tonder

Model-independent parametrization of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>π</mi><mi>π</mi><mo>ℓ</mo><mi>ν</mi></math> decays

Since the LHCb collaboration successively reported the hidden-charm exotic states <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>P</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>P</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>s</mi></mrow></msub></math>, these exotic states have rightfully attracted significant attention from theoretical perspectives. Motivated by these exotic states, this study systematically investigates the hidden-charm double-strange pentaquark system with the quark configuration <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>n</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>s</mi><mi>c</mi><mover accent="true"><mi>c</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math> using the resonating group method within the framework of the quark delocalization color screening model. The dynamical estimations, incorporating channel coupling, identify five resonance states in the hidden-charm double-strange systems, denoted as <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>′</mo></msubsup><msubsup><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>s</mi><mo>*</mo></msubsup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>*</mo></msubsup><msubsup><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>s</mi><mo>*</mo></msubsup></math> with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>J</mi><mi>P</mi></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></msup></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>*</mo></msubsup><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>s</mi></msub></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>*</mo></msubsup><msubsup><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>s</mi><mo>*</mo></msubsup></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi><mo>*</mo></msup><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mo>*</mo></msup></math> with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>J</mi><mi>P</mi></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></msup></math>, through scattering phase shifts processes of various channels. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>′</mo></msubsup><msubsup><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>s</mi><mo>*</mo></msubsup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>*</mo></msubsup><msubsup><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>s</mi><mo>*</mo></msubsup></math> with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>J</mi><mi>P</mi></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></msup></math>, with mass range and decay widths of (4684 MeV–4688 MeV, 6.4 MeV–24.2 MeV) and (4751 MeV–4756 MeV, 3.2 MeV–18.7 MeV), can be derived from the scattering processes of channels <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><msub><mi>η</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>s</mi></msub></math>, it should be noted that resonance state <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>′</mo></msubsup><msubsup><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>s</mi><mo>*</mo></msubsup></math>, in addition to the channels mentioned above, can also be observed in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mo>*</mo></msup><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><msubsup><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>s</mi><mo>*</mo></msubsup></math>. For the quantum number <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>J</mi><mi>P</mi></msup><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn><mo>/</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo></msup></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>*</mo></msubsup><msubsup><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>s</mi><mo>*</mo></msubsup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi><mo>*</mo></msup><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mo>*</mo></msup></math> can be identified in channels <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mo>*</mo></msup><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><msubsup><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>s</mi><mo>*</mo></msubsup></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mo>*</mo></msup><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>′</mo></msubsup><msubsup><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>s</mi><mo>*</mo></msubsup></math>, respectively, the estimated masses and decay widths of these resonance states range from approximately (4749 MeV–4755 MeV, 16.4 MeV) and (4771 MeV-4772 MeV, 18.8 MeV). However, the residual resonance state <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>*</mo></msubsup><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>s</mi></msub></math>, for which the estimated mass and decay width are about 4600 MeV and 21.7 MeV, is expected to be found only in channel <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><msubsup><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>s</mi><mo>*</mo></msubsup></math>. Given the current theoretical estimations, experiments are anticipated to further explore hidden-charm double-strange pentaquark states through the possible decay channels, thereby offering a strong theoretical foundation for their experimental investigation.

Xuejie Liu

Yue Tan

Xiaoyun Chen

Dianyong Chen

Hongxia Huang

Jialun Ping

Study on the properties of hidden-charm pentaquarks with double strangeness

We investigate the production of charged scalar boson pairs <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>+</mo></msup></math> via photon-photon fusion in proton-proton collisions at the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), High-Energy LHC (HE-LHC), and Future Circular hadron-hadron Collider (FCC-hh). The analysis is performed within the framework of the Two-Higgs-Doublet Model type-III, which predicts large branching ratios for the decay channel <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>τ</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>τ</mi></msub></math>, the focus of this work. Motivated by the current excess of events in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi mathvariant="script">B</mi><mi mathvariant="script">R</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>t</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>×</mo><mrow><mi mathvariant="script">B</mi><mi mathvariant="script">R</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>c</mi><mi>b</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>M</mi><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>±</mo></msup></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>130</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></math>, we explore charged Higgs boson masses in the range <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>M</mi><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>±</mo></msup></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>100</mn><mi>–</mi><mn>150</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></math>. Using benchmark points (BPs) consistent with current experimental constraints, we evaluate the process <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>γ</mi><mi>γ</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>τ</mi><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>τ</mi></msub><mi>τ</mi><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>τ</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>e</mi><mi>μ</mi><mo>+</mo><msub><menclose notation="updiagonalstrike"><mi>E</mi></menclose><mi>T</mi></msub></math> and find signal significances <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>≳</mo><mn>5</mn><mi>σ</mi></math> across the entire mass range. For the most favored BP with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>M</mi><msup><mi>H</mi><mo>±</mo></msup></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>130</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></math>, we predict significances of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>3</mn><mi>σ</mi></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>5</mn><mi>σ</mi></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>8</mn><mi>σ</mi></math> with integrated luminosities of 3000, 2300, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>300</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mi>fb</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math> at center-of-mass energies of 14 TeV (HL-LHC), 27 TeV (HE-LHC), and 100 TeV (FCC-hh), respectively.

Mexico

M.A. Arroyo-Ureña

O. Félix-Beltrán

J. Hernández-Sánchez

C.G. Honorato

T.A. Valencia-Pérez

Prospects for observing novel photon-induced <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>H</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math> production at the high luminosity LHC

We holographically study the far-from-equilibrium isotropization dynamics of the strongly coupled $$ \mathcal{N} $$ = 4 supersymmetric Yang-Mills plasma. The dual gravitational background is driven to be out of equilibrium and anisotropic by a time-dependent change in boundary conditions. At late times, the system relaxes and asymptotically approaches a static configuration. The large initial energy densities accelerate the isotropization significantly compared to the initial geometry corresponding to the supersymmetric Yang-Mills vacuum. We analyze shear transport during isotropization by directly computing the time-dependent stress tensor, which is now a nonlinear function of the shear rate. The shear viscosity far from equilibrium displays much richer dynamics than its near-equilibrium counterpart. Moreover, we uncover that the equilibrium viscosity-to-entropy ratio at late times depends on the details of the quench function and the initial data, which could be due to a resummation of the hydrodynamic description. In particular, this ratio can be parametrically smaller than the Kovtun-Son-Starinets bound calculated from linear response theory.

Shoucheng Wang

Song He

Li Li

Shear transport in far-from-equilibrium isotropization of supersymmetric Yang-Mills plasma

We explore dilaton gravity with general dilaton potentials in the semi-classical limit viewed both as a gas of blunt defects and also as a semi-classical theory in its own right. We compare the exact defect gas picture with that obtained by naively canonically quantizing the theory in geodesic gauge. We find a subtlety in the canonical approach due to a non-perturbative ambiguity in geodesic gauge. Unlike in JT gravity, this ambiguity arises already at the disk level. This leads to a distinct mechanism from that in JT gravity by which the semi-classical approximation breaks down at low temperatures. Along the way, we propose that new, previously un-studied saddles contribute to the density of states of dilaton gravity. This in particular leads to a re-interpretation of the disk-level density of states in JT gravity in terms of two saddles with fixed energy boundary conditions: the disk, which caps off on the outer horizon, and another, sub-leading complex saddle which caps off on the inner horizon. When the theory is studied using a defect expansion, we show how the smooth classical geometries of dilaton gravity arise from a dense gas of very blunt defects in the $\textit{G}$ → 0 limit. The classical saddle points arise from a balance between the attractive force on the defects toward negative dilaton and a statistical pressure from the entropy of the configuration. We end with speculations on the nature of the space-like singularity present inside black holes described by certain dilaton potentials.

Jorrit Kruthoff

Adam Levine

Semi-classical dilaton gravity and the very blunt defect expansion

Jets with different radius parameters $\textit{R}$ are an important tool for probing quantum chromodynamics processes at different angular scales. Jets with small $$R=0.2$$ are instrumental in measurements of the substructure of large-$\textit{R}$ jets resulting from collimated hadronic decays of energetic $\textit{W}$, $\textit{Z}$, and Higgs bosons, top quarks, and of potential new resonances. This paper presents measurements of the energy scale, resolution, and associated uncertainties of jets with radius parameters $$R=0.2$$ and 0.6, obtained using the ATLAS detector. The results are based on $$37~\text {fb}^{-1}$$ of proton–proton collision data from the Large Hadron Collider at a centre-of-mass energy of $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ TeV. A new $\textit{in situ}$ method for measuring jet energy scale differences between data and Monte Carlo simulations is presented. The systematic uncertainties in the jet energy scale for central jets $$(|\eta | < 1.2)$$ typically vary from 1% to about 5% as a function of $$|\eta |$$ at very low transverse momentum, $$p_{\text {T}},$$ of around 20 GeV for both $$R=0.2$$ and 0.6 jets. The relative energy resolution ranges from $$(35 \pm 6)\%$$ at $$p_{\text {T}} = 20$$ GeV to $$(6 \pm 0.5)\%$$ at $$p_{\text {T}} = 300$$ GeV for central $$R=0.2$$ jets, and is found to be slightly worse for $$R=0.6$$ jets. Finally, the effect of close-by hadronic activity on the jet energy scale is investigated and is found to be well modelled by the ATLAS Monte Carlo simulations.

France

G. Aad

Norway

E. Aakvaag

B. Abbott

United Arab Emirates

S. Abdelhameed

K. Abeling

N. Abicht

S. Abidi

M. Aboelela

Morocco

A. Aboulhorma

Israel

H. Abramowicz

Y. Abulaiti

Italy

United Kingdom

B. Acharya

A. Ackermann

C. Adam Bourdarios

Poland

L. Adamczyk

S. Addepalli

M. Addison

J. Adelman

Türkiye

A. Adiguzel

T. Adye

A. Affolder

Y. Afik

Spain

M. Agaras

A. Aggarwal

Romania

C. Agheorghiesei

Azerbaijan

F. Ahmadov

S. Ahuja

X. Ai

G. Aielli

A. Aikot

M. Ait Tamlihat

B. Aitbenchikh

M. Akbiyik

Sweden

T. Åkesson

A. Akimov

D. Akiyama

N. Akolkar

S. Aktas

G. Alberghi

Canada

J. Albert

P. Albicocco

G. Albouy

S. Alderweireldt

Z. Alegria

M. Aleksa

I. Aleksandrov

C. Alexa

Greece

T. Alexopoulos

F. Alfonsi

M. Algren

M. Alhroob

Czechia

B. Ali

Saudi Arabia

H. Ali

S. Ali

S. Alibocus

South Africa

M. Aliev

G. Alimonti

W. Alkakhi

C. Allaire

B. Allbrooke

J. Allen

P. Allport

A. Aloisio

Argentina

F. Alonso

C. Alpigiani

Z. Alsolami

A. Alvarez Fernandez

M. Alves Cardoso

M. Alviggi

M. Aly

Brazil

Y. Amaral Coutinho

A. Ambler

C. Amelung

M. Amerl

C. Ames

D. Amidei

B. Amini

K. Amirie

A. Amirkhanov

Portugal

S. Amor Dos Santos

K. Amos

D. Amperiadou

S. An

V. Ananiev

C. Anastopoulos

T. Andeen

J. Anders

A. Anderson

A. Andreazza

S. Angelidakis

A. Angerami

A. Anisenkov

A. Annovi

C. Antel

E. Antipov

M. Antonelli

F. Anulli

M. Aoki

T. Aoki

Energy scale and resolution for anti- $$k_t$$ jets with radius parameters $$R=0.2$$ and 0.6 measured in proton-proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s} = 13$$ TeV with the ATLAS detector

Among the three known types of static solutions proposed within the Hamiltonian constraint approach to effective quantum gravity (EQG), the first two have been extensively investigated, whereas the third type-which preserves general covariance, is free of Cauchy horizons, and was only recently obtained-remains relatively unexplored. This solution can describe a black hole with an event horizon for certain parameter ranges, or a horizonless compact object beyond those ranges. In this paper, we focus on the third type and show that its light rings feature both stable and unstable branches, and that the black hole shadow size grows with the quantum parameter-unlike in the first two types. However, when we account for both the shadow and the lensing ring, the overall behavior closely resembles that of the second type, in which an increasing quantum parameter leads to a larger portion of the lensing ring being occupied by the shadow. This feature can serve as a hallmark of black holes in EQG, offering a potential way to distinguish them from their GR counterparts. Remarkably, the parameter ranges under which the solution remains a black hole are highly consistent with the current observational constraints on black hole shadows, lending strong support to the classification of the third type of compact object in EQG as a black hole endowed with an event horizon.

Wentao Liu

Di Wu

Jieci Wang

Light rings and shadows of static black holes in effective quantum gravity II: A new solution without Cauchy horizons