It was recently discovered that waves scattering off a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi></math> ball can extract energy from it. We present an analytical treatment of this process by adopting a multistep function approximation for the background field, which yields perturbative solutions expressed in terms of Bessel functions. For thin-wall <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi></math> balls, the amplification factors reduce to simple sinusoidal functions, which explains the multipeak structure of the spectrum and identifies the physical quantities that determine it. For instance, at high frequencies, the peak spacing is simply the inverse of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi></math>-ball size. The analytical solution further enables us to delineate the full range of possible amplification factors. For general <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi></math> balls, this analytical framework also substantially improves the efficiency of evaluating the amplification factors.

China

Guo-Dong Zhang

Shuang-Yong Zhou

Meng-Fan Zhu

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi></math>-ball superradiance: Analytical approach

We present a global determination of parton distribution functions (PDFs) that accounts for higher twist corrections in deep-inelastic scattering (DIS) and linear power corrections for single inclusive jet and dijet production data from the LHC. We determine these corrections and their associated correlated uncertainties using a methodology based on the theory covariance formalism, previously used to account for nuclear uncertainties and missing higher order uncertainties (MHOUs) in global PDF determinations. We then study the impact of the power corrections on the extracted PDFs, and demonstrate an improved description of the data due to a reduced sensitivity to DIS data in the low-$\textit{x}$ region where higher twist uncertainties are relatively large, and a reduced sensitivity to single inclusive jet data at relatively low $$p_T$$ , where hadronization corrections can be large. Finally, we assess the impact of power corrections on observables relevant to LHC phenomenology, including Higgs production via gluon fusion, and the determination of $$\alpha _s$$ . We find that these effects, while small, can be significant, improving perturbative convergence.

United Kingdom

Richard Ball

Amedeo Chiefa

not found

Roy Stegeman

Parton distributions with higher twist and jet power corrections

An analytical and numerical systematic study of the neutrino mass matrix with one texture zero is presented in a basis where the charged leptons are diagonal. Under the assumption that neutrinos are Dirac particles, the analysis is conducted in detail for the normal and inverted hierarchy mass spectra. Our study is performed without any approximations, first analytically and then numerically, using current neutrino oscillation data. The analysis constrains the parameter space in such a way that, among the six possible one-texture-zero patterns, only four are favored in the normal hierarchy and one in the inverted hierarchy by current oscillation data at the $3 \sigma$ level. Phenomenological implications for the lepton CP-violating phase and neutrino masses are also explored.

Colombia

Richard H. Benavides

Yessica Lenis

John D. Gómez

William A. Ponce

One texture zero for Dirac neutrinos in a diagonal charged lepton basis * Richard H. Benavides acknowledges additional financial support from Minciencias (CD82315 CT ICETEX 2021-1080)

Q-ball dark matter is one of the candidates for the macroscopic dark matter: Q-ball is a non-topological solitonic configuration, whose stability can be ensured by global charge and energy conservation. One of the crucial factors for discovering signatures from the Q-ball dark matter, is the interactions of the Q-ball dark matter with ordinary matter. In particular, the scattering of ordinary matter off the Q-ball dark matter is important for the direct detection searches, such as paleo-detectors. It was conjectured that quarks incident on the Q-ball were reflected as anti-quarks with a probability of order unity, but it costs the energy of the squark in the Q-ball, which cannot be paid in the scattering of ordinary matter off the Q-ball dark matter. In addition, once a proton is reflected as an anti-proton, the Q-ball obtains the electromagnetic charge. In this study, we revisit the scattering process of quarks with the Q-ball with taking into account the energy cost of the scattering and the electromagnetic charge-up of the Q-ball.

Poland

Ayuki Kamada

Takumi Kuwahara

Japan

Keiichi Watanabe

Revisiting Q-ball interactions with matters

We numerically study the formation of the gauge-mediation type <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi></math> balls in the logarithmic square potential on three-dimensional lattices. We obtain the broad charge distribution of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi></math> ball of this type for the first time, to the best of our knowledge. The charge of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi></math> ball at the peak of the distribution is smaller than what we estimated as the average of the largest tens of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi></math> balls in the logarithmic potential for the same initial amplitude of the field at the onset of its oscillation. We also discuss some impacts of the broad distribution on cosmology and astrophysics. In the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi></math> ball (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi></math> being the baryon number) case, the broad distribution would lead to the coexistence of both stable and unstable <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi></math> balls. We find that stable <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi></math> balls can account for the dark matter of the Universe without affecting successful big bang nucleosynthesis by the decay of the unstable <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi></math> balls, but the baryon number of the Universe cannot be explained by them. On the other hand, the large <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>L</mi></math> balls (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi></math> being the lepton number) would be the dark matter as well while avoiding the constraints on the x- and/or <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>γ</mi></math>-rays from the decay of the smaller <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>L</mi></math> balls.

Shinta Kasuya

Masahiro Kawasaki

Charge distribution of the gauge-mediation type <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi></math> ball

We investigate the response of the Kaluza–Klein (KK) mass spectrum to various deformations of the rugby-ball background in 6D supergravity. We derived the mode equations that contain the 3D scale factor and the lapse function. By solving these, we numerically evaluate the KK masses for a bulk scalar and a spinor when the background has a nontrivial dependence on the position in the compact space. We clarify some qualitative features of the spectrum deformation for some perturbations of the rugby-ball background. For perturbations of a supersymmetric background, we find that the mass-splitting between bosonic and fermionic modes is much smaller than the deviation from the values of the supersymmetric mass eigenvalues.

Hajime Otsuka

Yutaka Sakamura

Response of Kaluza–Klein Mass Spectrum to Deformations of Rugby-Ball Compact Space

We show that, in the thin-wall regime, $\textit{Q}$-ball-anti-$\textit{Q}$-ball collisions reveal chaotic behaviour. This is explained by the resonant energy transfer mechanism triggered by the internal modes hosted by the $\textit{Q}$-balls and by the existence of $\textit{ephemeral}$ states, that is unstable, sometimes even short-lived, field configurations that appear as intermediate states. The most important examples of such states are the $\textit{bubble}$ of the false broken vacuum, which as intermediate states govern the $\textit{QQ}$ annihilation, and the $\textit{charged oscillons}$.

Spain

D. Canillas Martínez

P. Dorey

T. Romańczukiewicz

Paul Saffin

K. Sławińska

A. Wereszczyński

Oscillons and bubbles in $\textit{Q}$-ball dynamics

We present a determination of the strong coupling $$\alpha _s(m_Z)$$ from a global dataset including both fixed-target and collider data from deep-inelastic scattering and a variety of hadronic processes, with a simultaneous determination of parton distribution functions (PDFs) based on the NNPDF4.0 methodology. This determination is performed at NNLO and approximate $${\textrm{N}}^3$$ LO ( $${\textrm{aN}}^3$$ LO) perturbative QCD accuracy, including QED corrections and a photon PDF up to NLO accuracy. We extract $$\alpha _s$$ using two independent methodologies, both of which take into account the cross-correlation between $$\alpha _s$$ and the PDFs. The two methodologies are validated by closure tests that allow us to detect and remove or correct for several sources of bias, and lead to mutually consistent results. We account for all correlated experimental uncertainties, as well as correlated theoretical uncertainties related to missing higher order perturbative corrections (MHOUs). We study the perturbative convergence of our results and the impact of QED corrections. We assess individual sources of uncertainty, specifically MHOUs and the value of the top quark mass. We provide a detailed appraisal of methodological choices, including the choice of input dataset, the form of solution of evolution equation, the treatment of the experimental covariance matrix, and the details of Monte Carlo data generation. We find $$\alpha _s(m_Z)=0.1194^{+0.0007}_{-0.0014}$$ at $${\textrm{aN}}^3$$ $${\textrm{LO}}_{\textrm{QCD}}\otimes {\textrm{NLO}}_{\textrm{QED}}$$ accuracy, consistent with the latest PDG average and with recent lattice results.

Italy

Andrea Barontini

Switzerland

Juan Cruz-Martinez

Stefano Forte

Finland

Felix Hekhorn

Emanuele Nocera

Netherlands

Juan Rojo

A determination of $$\alpha _s(m_Z)$$ at $${{\textrm{aN}}}^3{{\textrm{LO}}}_{{\textrm{QCD}}}\otimes {{\textrm{NLO}}}_{{\textrm{QED}}}$$ accuracy from a global PDF analysis

The principle of holography of information states that all information available in the bulk of asymptotically flat spacetime is also available near its boundary at spatial infinity. However, physical observers never have access to spatial infinity. Therefore, we ask the question: “Is information contained in a ball of finite radius also holographic in nature?”. Phrased differently, we ask whether correlation functions on the boundary of the ball capture all the information of all correlators in the bulk of the ball. In this work, we answer this question in the affirmative within the confines of linearised quantum gravity for generic low-energy (free Klein-Gordon) states in flat space created by the action of unitaries on the vacuum to leading order in a certain perturbative parameter. For an infinite sub-class of these states, our results are perturbatively exact and valid to all orders in this same parameter. Unlike at infinity, massive and massless fields can be captured within the same framework.

India

Nava Gaddam

Ashik H

Holography of information in a ball of finite radius

We present a novel family of analytical and numerical classical solitonic solutions to the nonlinear equations governing the dynamics of the bosonic part of a supermembrane (M2-brane) mass operator formulated on a flat spacetime toroidally compactified with worldvolume fluxes. The dynamics of membrane excitations is associated with sectors of the supermembrane theory that exhibit a discrete spectrum at the supersymmetric level, which is an expected property of any well-defined sector of the M-theory. Contrary to expectations, the presence of worldvolume fluxes facilitates the acquisition of novel solutions while preserving the theory’s nonlinear character even in the absence of bosonic scalar potential. The theory remains nonlinear due to the coupling of the scalars with the fluxes and with a symplectic gauge field that arises in the theory. It is noteworthy that the theory also permits the existence of quasiharmonic solutions to the nonlinear equations. We then focus on the M2 brane theory realization of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi></math>-ball-like solitons. In order to ascertain the behavior of these solutions, we examine the existence of M2-brane solitonic nondispersive solutions, their composition rules, their dynamics, and the existence of localized solutions along the worldvolume. We also establish a relation between the worldvolume fluxes and the nontopological <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi></math>-ball charges.

Venezuela

P. Garcia

M.P. Garcia del Moral

Chile

J.M. Peña

R. Prado-Fuentes

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Q</mi></math>-ball-like solitons on the M2-brane with worldvolume fluxes