We evaluate discovery prospects for photophobic axion-like particles (ALPs) in the $\textit{WWjj}$ final state at the High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC; $\sqrt{s}=14\ {\rm{TeV}}$ , ${\cal{L}}=3\ {\rm{ab}}^{-1}$ ). In the photophobic limit ( $g_{a\gamma\gamma}=0$ ), ALPs couple to electroweak gauge bosons and are produced in association with two jets ( $ pp\to jj\ a $ ) via both $\textit{s}$-channel electroweak exchange and vector boson fusion (VBF)–like topologies, followed by $a\to W^+W^-$ decay. We target the different-flavour dilepton mode $W^+W^- \to e^\pm\mu^\mp\nu \bar{\nu}$ with two jets and moderate missing transverse momentum. The analysis employs a two-step strategy: initial preselection that defines the signal-like final state, followed by a multivariate analysis (MVA) trained on dijet and dileptonic-$\textit{WW}$ kinematics from both the $\textit{s}$-channel and VBF-like production mechanisms to separate signal from background; the MVA threshold is optimized independently at each $m_a$ . We present 2$\textit{σ}$ and 5$\textit{σ}$ discovery sensitivities for the ALP–$\textit{W}$ coupling $g_{aWW}$ across the 170–4000 GeV mass range. For $260\ {\rm{GeV}}\le m_a\le1500\ {\rm{GeV}}$ , the 2$\textit{σ}$ (5$\textit{σ}$) sensitivity is approximately flat around $ 0.61(0.76)\ {\rm{TeV}}^{-1}$ . At large masses/couplings, the mapping between an experimental rate and a single EFT parameter $g_{aWW}$ can become UV sensitive, and we treat the extreme high-mass/high-coupling corner as an extrapolation; therefore, we also report model-independent discovery thresholds for the fiducial quantity $ \sigma(pp\to jj\ a)\times\rm{Br}(a\to W^+W^-) $ over the same mass range to enable reinterpretation for other models. These results indicate that the $WWjj$ topology offers competitive and complementary sensitivity to heavy photophobic ALPs at the HL-LHC.

China

Jiaojiao Feng

Ying-nan Mao

Kechen Wang

Discovery prospects for photophobic axion-like particles in the $\textit{WWjj}$ final state at the High-Luminosity LHC * Jiaojiao Feng and Kechen Wang are supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11905162), the Excellent Young Talents Program of the Wuhan University of Technology (40122102, 40122103) and the research program of the Wuhan University of Technology (2020IB024, 104972025KFYjc0101). Ying-nan Mao is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12205227). The simulation and analysis work of this article was completed with the computational cluster provided by the Theoretical Physics Group at the Department of Physics, School of Physics and Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology

This study investigates the ultraviolet realization of semileptonic four-fermion operator $ O_{ledq}^{\alpha \beta 11} $ that incorporates Majorana dark matter (DM) in both lepton-flavor-conserving (LFC) and lepton-flavor-violating (LFV) scenarios at the one-loop level via box diagram, thereby effectively alleviating the lower bounds on the new physics scale. In addition, we investigate the interplay between model-independent constraints on the Wilson coefficients and DM direct detection, relic density, and collider searches in the context of fermion portal DM model with two mediators. We found that both the projected future constraint on the LFC Wilson coefficient $ C_{ledq}^{2211}/\Lambda^2 \lt $ $ (12.3\; \text{TeV})^{-2} $ from the measurements of neutrino non-standard interaction in the next-generation neutrino oscillation experiments, and the LFV constraint $ C_{ledq}^{1211}/\Lambda^2 \lt \left(2.2\times 10^3\; \text{TeV} \right)^{-2} $ from ongoing charged-lepton-flavor-violation searches, provide a complementary exploration of the parameter space encompassing the DM and scalar masses. With a colored mediator mass of approximately $ 2\; \text{TeV} $ , the sensitivity of the indirect constraints on the four-fermion operator can surpass those of collider searches and DM direct detection, in scenarios where the masses of the DM and scalar are close. By ensuring the correct DM relic density, however, we find that the collider searches and DM direct detection are more sensitive to the electroweak-scale DM and scalar than indirect constraints.

Yuxuan He

Gang Li

Jia Liu

Xiao-Ping Wang

Xiang Zhao

Lepton flavor of four-fermion operator and fermion portal dark matter * Gang Li and Xiang Zhao are supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12347105, 12505127), the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2024A1515012668). The work of Jia Liu is supported by the National Science Foundation of China (12235001, 12475103) and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology (NPT2025ZX11). The work of Xiao-Ping Wang is supported by National Science Foundation of China (12375095) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

Several possible excesses around $ 95 $ GeV hint at an additional light scalar beyond the Standard Model. We examine the capability of the Circular Electron-Positron Collider (CEPC) to test this hypothesis in the Higgs-strahlung channel $ e^{+}e^{-} \to ZS $ with $ Z \to\mu^{+}\mu^{-} $ and $ S \to\tau^{+}\tau^{-} $ . A full detector simulation shows that the optimal center-of-mass energy for studying the 95 GeV light scalar is 210 GeV. A deep neural network classifier reduces the luminosity required for discovery by half. At $ L = 20\; \mathrm{ab}^{-1} $ , the $ 5\sigma $ sensitivity of the CEPC to the signal strength $ \mu_{\tau\tau}^{ZS} $ reaches 0.016 and 0.020 for $ \sqrt{s} = 210 $ GeV and 240 GeV, respectively. The corresponding thresholds for a 5% precision measurement are $ \mu_{\tau\tau}^{ZS} \gt 0.10 $ and $ \gt 0.12 $ . At $ \sqrt{s}=210 $ GeV (240 GeV), the $ 5\sigma $ coverage of all N2HDM-Flipped samples with $ \chi^2_{h_{95}} \lt 7.82 $ requires $ L=800\ \mathrm{fb}^{-1} $ (1.22 $ \mathrm{ab}^{-1} $ ). These results establish a 210 GeV run, augmented by machine-learning selection, as the most efficient strategy to confirm or refute the 95 GeV excess at future lepton colliders.

Yabo Dong

Manqi Ruan

Kun Wang

Haijun Yang

Jingya Zhu

Testing a 95 GeV Scalar at the CEPC with Machine Learning * This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 12275066 and by the startup research funds of Henan University. The work of K. Wang was also supported by the Open Project of the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Cosmology under Grant No. 22DZ2229013-3. The work of M. Ruan was also supported by the National Key Program for S&T Research and Development under Contract No. 2024YFA1610603. The work of H. Yang was also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. W2441004.

Electroweak (EW) amplitudes in the gauge-Goldstone five-component formalism have a distinctive property: gauge symmetry is imprinted in the amplitudes, manifested as the massive Ward identity (MWI) $ k^M{\cal{M}}_M=0 $ . In this study, we used the HELAS package to numerically study gauge symmetry in EW amplitudes. First, we directly tested gauge symmetry by examining the MWI of amplitudes. Second, we modified the couplings within a vertex and among vertices to check if and how the MWI changes. Third, we tested gauge symmetry by considering the couplings modified by operators from the standard model effective field theory (SMEFT). Similar to the standard model, there are relations between different couplings that are protected by gauge symmetry. We observed that, if we modify the couplings to deviate from the relations, the MWI is violated. In contrast, the MWI is restored when the relations between couplings reduce to those in the SMEFT.

Wang-Fa Li

Junmou Chen

Qian-Jiu Wang

Zhao-Huan Yu

Numerical study on the gauge symmetry of electroweak amplitudes * Junmou Chen is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (12205118), Wang-Fa Li, Qian-Jiu Wang, and Zhao-Huan Yu are supported by the Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project (2024A04J4026)

Based on available experimental results on $ \chi _{cJ}(J=0,1,2) $ decays, we investigated the $ \chi_{cJ}\to PP $ , $ VV $ , $ PV $ , and $ PT $ decays using the $\textit{SU}$(3) flavor symmetry/breaking approach, where $\textit{P}$, $\textit{V}$, and $\textit{T}$ denote light pseudoscalar, vector, and tensor mesons, respectively. With the decay amplitude relations determined by $\textit{SU}$(3) flavor symmetry/breaking, we present the branching ratios for all $ \chi_{cJ}\to PP $ and $ \chi_{cJ}\to VV $ modes, including those without experimental data. While theoretical considerations strongly suppress or even forbid most $ \chi_{cJ}\to PV $ and $ PT $ decays, we also provide quantitative predictions constrained by existing experimental data. Our results are expected to be accessible in future experiments at BESIII and the planned Super Tau-Charm Facility.

Bo Lan

Qin-Ze Song

Jin-Huan Sheng

Yi Qiao

Ru-Min Wang

Study of χ$_{cJ}$ ($\textit{J}$ = 0,1,2) decays to light meson pairs based on $\textit{SU}$(3) flavor symmetry/breaking analysis * Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12175088, 12305100, 12365014) and Graduate Innovation Fund Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education (YJS2024091)

<p>In this paper, we investigate the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> asymmetries <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>B</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>±</mo></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><msup><mi>K</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>K</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>∓</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>B</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>±</mo></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><msup><mi>K</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>K</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>∓</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></math> decays; both of them consist of three parts: the indirect <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> violations in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>K</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo>−</mo><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>K</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></msup></math> mixing <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>mix</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>mix</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msubsup></math>, the direct <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> violations in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math> decay <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>dir</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>dir</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msubsup></math>, and the new <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> violation effects <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>int</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>int</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msubsup></math>, which originate from the interference between the amplitude of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>B</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>−</mo></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msup><mi>K</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>K</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>e</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>ν</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>e</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> decay with the difference between the oscillating effect of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>K</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>K</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></msup></math> and that of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>K</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>K</mi><mn>0</mn></msup></math>. The strong phase differences of the direct <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> asymmetries <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>dir</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>dir</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> arise from <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>K</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo>−</mo><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>K</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></msup></math> mixing parameters. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> are of the order of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, respectively. The new <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> violation effect <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>int</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> plays a dominant role in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msubsup></math>; the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> asymmetry <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> is dominated by the indirect <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> violation <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>mix</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msubsup></math>, so the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> asymmetry <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> provides an ideal place to study the new <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> violation effect. We derive another two asymmetry observables <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msubsup></math>, which are dominated by <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>K</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo>−</mo><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>K</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></msup></math> mixing. The observables <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msubsup></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msubsup></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msubsup></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> are hopefully to be marginally observed at the LHC experiment and the HL-LHC experiment.</p>

Xiao-Dong Cheng

Zhen-Lu Weng

Ying-Ying Fan

Estimating <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> violation in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>B</mi><msup><mi>K</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mi>B</mi><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>K</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>B</mi><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>∓</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></math> decays

The polarization of <math altimg='si1.svg'><mstyle mathvariant='normal'><mi>&#923;</mi></mstyle></math>, <math altimg='si6.svg'><mover accent='true'><mstyle mathvariant='normal'><mi>&#923;</mi></mstyle><mo>&#175;</mo></mover></math>, <math altimg='si3.svg'><msup><mstyle mathvariant='normal'><mi>&#926;</mi></mstyle><mo>&#8722;</mo></msup></math>, and <math altimg='si16.svg'><msup><mover accent='true'><mstyle mathvariant='normal'><mi>&#926;</mi></mstyle><mo>&#175;</mo></mover><mo>+</mo></msup></math> hyperons along the angular momentum of the system has been measured in isobar collisions of Ru+Ru and Zr+Zr at <math altimg='si5.svg'><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><msub><mrow /><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant='normal'>N</mi></mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msub></msqrt></math> = 200&#8239;GeV with the STAR detector at RHIC. The polarization dependence on collision centrality exhibits an increasing trend in more peripheral collisions. <math altimg='si1.svg'><mstyle mathvariant='normal'><mi>&#923;</mi></mstyle></math> and <math altimg='si6.svg'><mover accent='true'><mstyle mathvariant='normal'><mi>&#923;</mi></mstyle><mo>&#175;</mo></mover></math> polarization dependence on the transverse momentum and pseudorapidity have been investigated, but no significant dependence was observed. The polarizations of <math altimg='si1.svg'><mstyle mathvariant='normal'><mi>&#923;</mi></mstyle></math> and <math altimg='si6.svg'><mover accent='true'><mstyle mathvariant='normal'><mi>&#923;</mi></mstyle><mo>&#175;</mo></mover></math> are found to be consistent with each other, indicating little contribution of the spin-magnetic coupling to the measured polarization. Comparison to previously measured polarization in Au+Au collisions show no obvious system size dependence. The results are qualitatively consistent with hydrodynamic calculations including contributions from shear-induced polarization and thermal vorticity. For the first time in heavy-ion collisions, the dependence of the global polarization on the hyperon&#8217;s emission azimuthal angle relative to the second-order event plane has been measured, indicating stronger polarization for the in-plane emitted hyperons at the level of 2.4 <math altimg='si17.svg'><mi>&#963;</mi></math> significance in 20&#8211;50 % centrality. The <math altimg='si18.svg'><mstyle mathvariant='normal'><mi>&#926;</mi></mstyle></math> hyperon polarization measurements via polarization transfer analysis yield finite positive values with 2.9 <math altimg='si17.svg'><mi>&#963;</mi></math> significance in 20&#8211;50 % centrality, slightly larger compared to the inclusive <math altimg='si1.svg'><mstyle mathvariant='normal'><mi>&#923;</mi></mstyle></math> polarization.

B.E. Aboona

Czechia

J. Adam

JINR

G. Agakishiev

India

I. Aggarwal

M.M. Aggarwal

Z. Ahammed

A. Aitbayev

I. Alekseev

E. Alpatov

A.K. Alshammri

A. Aparin

S. Aslam

J. Atchison

G.S. Averichev

Chile

V. Bairathi

X. Bao

P. Barik

K. Barish

S. Behera

P. Bhagat

A. Bhasin

S. Bhatta

I.G. Bordyuzhin

J.D. Brandenburg

A.V. Brandin

C. Broodo

X.Z. Cai

H. Caines

M. Calderón de La Barca Sánchez

D. Cebra

J. Ceska

I. Chakaberia

Y.S. Chang

Z. Chang

A. Chatterjee

D. Chen

J.H. Chen

Q. Chen

W. Chen

Z. Chen

J. Cheng

Y. Cheng

W. Christie

X. Chu

S. Corey

H.J. Crawford

Hungary

M. Csanad

G. Dale-Gau

A. Das

T.G. Dedovich

Germany

I.M. Deppner

A.A. Derevschikov

A. Deshpande

A. Dhamija

A. Dimri

P. Dixit

X. Dong

J.L. Drachenberg

E. Duckworth

J.C. Dunlop

Egypt

Y.S. El-Feky

J. Engelage

G. Eppley

Japan

S. Esumi

O. Evdokimov

O. Eyser

B. Fan

R. Fatemi

Italy

S. Fazio

H. Feng

Y. Feng

E. Finch

Y. Fisyak

F.A. Flor

C. Fu

T. Fu

T. Gao

Y. Gao

F. Geurts

A. Gibson

K. Gopal

X. Gou

D. Grosnick

A. Gu

A. Gupta

W. Guryn

A. Hamed

R.J. Hamilton

J. Han

X. Han

M.D. Harasty

J.W. Harris

H. Harrison-Smith

L.B. Havener

X.H. He

Y. He

C. Hu

Q. Hu

Y. Hu

H. Huang

Hyperon global polarization in isobar Ru+Ru and Zr+Zr collisions at <math altimg='si15.svg'><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><msub><mrow /><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant='normal'>N</mi></mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msub></msqrt><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>=</mo><mn>200</mn><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant='normal'>G</mi></mrow><mi>e</mi><mi>V</mi></mrow></mrow></math>

<p>All charmless <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>P</mi><mi>V</mi><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mo>ℓ</mo></msub></math> (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>P</mi></math> denotes the light pseudoscalar meson and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>V</mi></math> denotes the vector meson) decays have not been experimentally observed to date, but some of them might be measured in the near future. The charmless <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>P</mi><mi>V</mi><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mo>ℓ</mo></msub></math> decays with the axial-vector (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>A</mi></math>) resonance states, the tensor (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>T</mi></math>) resonance states, and the excited vector (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>E</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub></math>) resonance states are studied based on flavor SU(3) analysis in this work, where <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>E</mi></msub></math> contains <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo stretchy="false">{</mo><mi>ρ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1450</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>,</mo><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>*</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1410</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>ω</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1420</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>ϕ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1680</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">}</mo></math> with quantum numbers <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>n</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>S</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>J</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mn>3</mn></msup><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>D</mi></msub></math> contains <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo stretchy="false">{</mo><mi>ρ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1700</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>,</mo><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>*</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1680</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>ω</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1650</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>ϕ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2170</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">}</mo></math> with quantum numbers <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>n</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>S</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>J</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>1</mn><mn>3</mn></msup><msub><mi>D</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></math>. The hadronic amplitudes of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>T</mi><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mo>ℓ</mo></msub></math> decays are related by the nonperturbative parameters, and the branching ratio predictions of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>E</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mo>ℓ</mo></msub></math> are obtained, and then the branching ratios of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>A</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>P</mi><mi>V</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mo>ℓ</mo></msub></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>T</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>T</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>P</mi><mi>V</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mo>ℓ</mo></msub></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>E</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>E</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>P</mi><mi>V</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mo>ℓ</mo></msub></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>D</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>D</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>P</mi><mi>V</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mo>ℓ</mo></msub></math> are obtained by the narrow width approximation or further considering the width effects. We find that most branching ratios of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>A</mi><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mo>ℓ</mo></msub></math> decays and many branching ratios of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>A</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>P</mi><mi>V</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mo>ℓ</mo></msub></math> decays are on the order of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup><mi>–</mi><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, and all branching ratios with the tensor resonance states and the excited vector resonance states are small. Our results could be tested in the future Belle II and LHCb experiments.</p>

Yuan-Guo Xu

Flavor SU(3) analysis of the charmless semileptonic <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>P</mi><mi>V</mi><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mo>ℓ</mo></msub></math> decays

We study $ \cos2\phi $ azimuthal asymmetry in doubly longitudinally polarized proton-proton Drell-Yan collisions within the transverse momentum dependent factorization framework. The asymmetry arises from the convolution of the longitudinal transversity distribution $ h_{1L}^{\perp} $ for both protons. Using the Bacchetta-Delcarro-Pisano-Radici-Signori parameterization for the nonperturbative Sudakov form factor and the Wandzura-Wilczek approximation for collinear $ h_{1L}^{\perp} $ , we predict the double spin asymmetry $ A_{LL}^{\cos2\phi} $ at RHIC and NICA kinematics. Our results demonstrate sensitivity to sea quark distributions, with the asymmetry reaching up to 25% for maximal sea quark contributions. These predictions highlight the potential of polarized Drell-Yan measurements to probe sea quark dynamics and advance our understanding of nucleon structures.

Hui Li

Ting Hu

Liang-Liang Liu

Xiao-Yu Wang

Zhun Lu

Asymmetry ${{\boldsymbol A}_{\boldsymbol{LL}}^{\bf\cos2\boldsymbol\phi}} $ in the polarized proton-proton Drell-Yan process within TMD factorization * Hui Li is supported by Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province (202203021222224) and Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Normal University (JCYJ2023021). Xiao-Yu Wang is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (242300421377, 232300421140)

We propose a search strategy at the HL-LHC for a new neutral particle $\textit{X}$ that couples to $\textit{W}$-bosons, using the process $ p p \to W^{\pm} X (\to W^{+} W^{-}) $ with a tri-$\textit{W}$-boson final state. Focusing on events with two same-sign leptonic $\textit{W}$-boson decays into muons and a hadronically decaying $\textit{W}$-boson, our method leverages the enhanced signal-to-background discrimination achieved through a machine-learning-based multivariate analysis. Using the heavy photophobic axion-like particle (ALP) as a benchmark, we evaluate the discovery sensitivities on both production cross section times branching ratio $ \sigma(p p \to W^{\pm} X) \times \text{Br}(X \to W^{+} W^{-}) $ and the coupling $ g_{aWW} $ for particle mass over a wide range of 170–3000 GeV at the HL-LHC with center-of-mass energy $ \sqrt{s} = 14 \, \text{ TeV} $ and integrated luminosity $ {\cal{L}} = 3 \, \text{ab}^{-1} $ . Our results show significant improvements in discovery sensitivity, particularly for masses above 300 GeV, compared to existing limits derived from CMS analyses of Standard Model (SM) tri-$\textit{W}$-boson production at $ \sqrt{s} = 13 \, \text{ TeV} $ . This study demonstrates the potential of advanced selection techniques in probing the coupling of new particles to $\textit{W}$-bosons and highlights the HL-LHC's capability to explore physics beyond the SM.

Yiheng Xiong

Sensitivities of new resonance couplings to $\textit{W}$-bosons at the LHC * Ying-nan Mao and Yihen Xiong are supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12205227). Kechen Wang is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11905162), the Excellent Young Talents Program of the Wuhan University of Technology (40122102), and the research program of the Wuhan University of Technology (2020IB024). The simulation and analysis work of this article was completed with the computational cluster provided by the Theoretical Physics Group at the Department of Physics, School of Physics and Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology