Several possible excesses around $ 95 $ GeV hint at an additional light scalar beyond the Standard Model. We examine the capability of the Circular Electron-Positron Collider (CEPC) to test this hypothesis in the Higgs-strahlung channel $ e^{+}e^{-} \to ZS $ with $ Z \to\mu^{+}\mu^{-} $ and $ S \to\tau^{+}\tau^{-} $ . A full detector simulation shows that the optimal center-of-mass energy for studying the 95 GeV light scalar is 210 GeV. A deep neural network classifier reduces the luminosity required for discovery by half. At $ L = 20\; \mathrm{ab}^{-1} $ , the $ 5\sigma $ sensitivity of the CEPC to the signal strength $ \mu_{\tau\tau}^{ZS} $ reaches 0.016 and 0.020 for $ \sqrt{s} = 210 $ GeV and 240 GeV, respectively. The corresponding thresholds for a 5% precision measurement are $ \mu_{\tau\tau}^{ZS} \gt 0.10 $ and $ \gt 0.12 $ . At $ \sqrt{s}=210 $ GeV (240 GeV), the $ 5\sigma $ coverage of all N2HDM-Flipped samples with $ \chi^2_{h_{95}} \lt 7.82 $ requires $ L=800\ \mathrm{fb}^{-1} $ (1.22 $ \mathrm{ab}^{-1} $ ). These results establish a 210 GeV run, augmented by machine-learning selection, as the most efficient strategy to confirm or refute the 95 GeV excess at future lepton colliders.

China

Yabo Dong

Manqi Ruan

Kun Wang

Haijun Yang

Jingya Zhu

Testing a 95 GeV Scalar at the CEPC with Machine Learning * This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. 12275066 and by the startup research funds of Henan University. The work of K. Wang was also supported by the Open Project of the Shanghai Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Cosmology under Grant No. 22DZ2229013-3. The work of M. Ruan was also supported by the National Key Program for S&T Research and Development under Contract No. 2024YFA1610603. The work of H. Yang was also supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant No. W2441004.

Electroweak (EW) amplitudes in the gauge-Goldstone five-component formalism have a distinctive property: gauge symmetry is imprinted in the amplitudes, manifested as the massive Ward identity (MWI) $ k^M{\cal{M}}_M=0 $ . In this study, we used the HELAS package to numerically study gauge symmetry in EW amplitudes. First, we directly tested gauge symmetry by examining the MWI of amplitudes. Second, we modified the couplings within a vertex and among vertices to check if and how the MWI changes. Third, we tested gauge symmetry by considering the couplings modified by operators from the standard model effective field theory (SMEFT). Similar to the standard model, there are relations between different couplings that are protected by gauge symmetry. We observed that, if we modify the couplings to deviate from the relations, the MWI is violated. In contrast, the MWI is restored when the relations between couplings reduce to those in the SMEFT.

Wang-Fa Li

Junmou Chen

Qian-Jiu Wang

Zhao-Huan Yu

Numerical study on the gauge symmetry of electroweak amplitudes * Junmou Chen is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (12205118), Wang-Fa Li, Qian-Jiu Wang, and Zhao-Huan Yu are supported by the Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project (2024A04J4026)

Based on available experimental results on $ \chi _{cJ}(J=0,1,2) $ decays, we investigated the $ \chi_{cJ}\to PP $ , $ VV $ , $ PV $ , and $ PT $ decays using the $\textit{SU}$(3) flavor symmetry/breaking approach, where $\textit{P}$, $\textit{V}$, and $\textit{T}$ denote light pseudoscalar, vector, and tensor mesons, respectively. With the decay amplitude relations determined by $\textit{SU}$(3) flavor symmetry/breaking, we present the branching ratios for all $ \chi_{cJ}\to PP $ and $ \chi_{cJ}\to VV $ modes, including those without experimental data. While theoretical considerations strongly suppress or even forbid most $ \chi_{cJ}\to PV $ and $ PT $ decays, we also provide quantitative predictions constrained by existing experimental data. Our results are expected to be accessible in future experiments at BESIII and the planned Super Tau-Charm Facility.

Bo Lan

Qin-Ze Song

Jin-Huan Sheng

Yi Qiao

Ru-Min Wang

Study of χ$_{cJ}$ ($\textit{J}$ = 0,1,2) decays to light meson pairs based on $\textit{SU}$(3) flavor symmetry/breaking analysis * Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12175088, 12305100, 12365014) and Graduate Innovation Fund Project of Jiangxi Provincial Department of Education (YJS2024091)

<p>In this paper, we investigate the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> asymmetries <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>B</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>±</mo></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><msup><mi>K</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>K</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>∓</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>B</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>±</mo></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><msup><mi>K</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>K</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>∓</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></math> decays; both of them consist of three parts: the indirect <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> violations in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>K</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo>−</mo><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>K</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></msup></math> mixing <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>mix</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>mix</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msubsup></math>, the direct <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> violations in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math> decay <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>dir</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>dir</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msubsup></math>, and the new <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> violation effects <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>int</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>int</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msubsup></math>, which originate from the interference between the amplitude of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>B</mi><mi>c</mi><mo>−</mo></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msup><mi>K</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>K</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>B</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>e</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><msub><mover accent="true"><mi>ν</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mi>e</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> decay with the difference between the oscillating effect of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>K</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>K</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></msup></math> and that of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>K</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>K</mi><mn>0</mn></msup></math>. The strong phase differences of the direct <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> asymmetries <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>dir</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>dir</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> arise from <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>K</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo>−</mo><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>K</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></msup></math> mixing parameters. <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> are of the order of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, respectively. The new <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> violation effect <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>int</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> plays a dominant role in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msubsup></math>; the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> asymmetry <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> is dominated by the indirect <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> violation <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>mix</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msubsup></math>, so the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> asymmetry <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> provides an ideal place to study the new <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> violation effect. We derive another two asymmetry observables <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msubsup></math>, which are dominated by <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>K</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo>−</mo><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>K</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></msup></math> mixing. The observables <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msubsup></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msubsup></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></mrow></msubsup></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="script">A</mi><mrow><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>m</mi><mi>m</mi></mrow></msubsup></math> are hopefully to be marginally observed at the LHC experiment and the HL-LHC experiment.</p>

Xiao-Dong Cheng

Zhen-Lu Weng

Ying-Ying Fan

Estimating <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> violation in <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>B</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>B</mi><msup><mi>K</mi><mn>0</mn></msup><mo>+</mo><mi>B</mi><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>K</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mn>0</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>B</mi><msup><mi>π</mi><mo>±</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>∓</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mi>e</mi></msub></math> decays

The polarization of <math altimg='si1.svg'><mstyle mathvariant='normal'><mi>&#923;</mi></mstyle></math>, <math altimg='si6.svg'><mover accent='true'><mstyle mathvariant='normal'><mi>&#923;</mi></mstyle><mo>&#175;</mo></mover></math>, <math altimg='si3.svg'><msup><mstyle mathvariant='normal'><mi>&#926;</mi></mstyle><mo>&#8722;</mo></msup></math>, and <math altimg='si16.svg'><msup><mover accent='true'><mstyle mathvariant='normal'><mi>&#926;</mi></mstyle><mo>&#175;</mo></mover><mo>+</mo></msup></math> hyperons along the angular momentum of the system has been measured in isobar collisions of Ru+Ru and Zr+Zr at <math altimg='si5.svg'><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><msub><mrow /><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant='normal'>N</mi></mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msub></msqrt></math> = 200&#8239;GeV with the STAR detector at RHIC. The polarization dependence on collision centrality exhibits an increasing trend in more peripheral collisions. <math altimg='si1.svg'><mstyle mathvariant='normal'><mi>&#923;</mi></mstyle></math> and <math altimg='si6.svg'><mover accent='true'><mstyle mathvariant='normal'><mi>&#923;</mi></mstyle><mo>&#175;</mo></mover></math> polarization dependence on the transverse momentum and pseudorapidity have been investigated, but no significant dependence was observed. The polarizations of <math altimg='si1.svg'><mstyle mathvariant='normal'><mi>&#923;</mi></mstyle></math> and <math altimg='si6.svg'><mover accent='true'><mstyle mathvariant='normal'><mi>&#923;</mi></mstyle><mo>&#175;</mo></mover></math> are found to be consistent with each other, indicating little contribution of the spin-magnetic coupling to the measured polarization. Comparison to previously measured polarization in Au+Au collisions show no obvious system size dependence. The results are qualitatively consistent with hydrodynamic calculations including contributions from shear-induced polarization and thermal vorticity. For the first time in heavy-ion collisions, the dependence of the global polarization on the hyperon&#8217;s emission azimuthal angle relative to the second-order event plane has been measured, indicating stronger polarization for the in-plane emitted hyperons at the level of 2.4 <math altimg='si17.svg'><mi>&#963;</mi></math> significance in 20&#8211;50 % centrality. The <math altimg='si18.svg'><mstyle mathvariant='normal'><mi>&#926;</mi></mstyle></math> hyperon polarization measurements via polarization transfer analysis yield finite positive values with 2.9 <math altimg='si17.svg'><mi>&#963;</mi></math> significance in 20&#8211;50 % centrality, slightly larger compared to the inclusive <math altimg='si1.svg'><mstyle mathvariant='normal'><mi>&#923;</mi></mstyle></math> polarization.

B.E. Aboona

Czechia

J. Adam

JINR

G. Agakishiev

India

I. Aggarwal

M.M. Aggarwal

Z. Ahammed

A. Aitbayev

I. Alekseev

E. Alpatov

A.K. Alshammri

A. Aparin

S. Aslam

J. Atchison

G.S. Averichev

Chile

V. Bairathi

X. Bao

P. Barik

K. Barish

S. Behera

P. Bhagat

A. Bhasin

S. Bhatta

I.G. Bordyuzhin

J.D. Brandenburg

A.V. Brandin

C. Broodo

X.Z. Cai

H. Caines

M. Calderón de La Barca Sánchez

D. Cebra

J. Ceska

I. Chakaberia

Y.S. Chang

Z. Chang

A. Chatterjee

D. Chen

J.H. Chen

Q. Chen

W. Chen

Z. Chen

J. Cheng

Y. Cheng

W. Christie

X. Chu

S. Corey

H.J. Crawford

Hungary

M. Csanad

G. Dale-Gau

A. Das

T.G. Dedovich

Germany

I.M. Deppner

A.A. Derevschikov

A. Deshpande

A. Dhamija

A. Dimri

P. Dixit

X. Dong

J.L. Drachenberg

E. Duckworth

J.C. Dunlop

Egypt

Y.S. El-Feky

J. Engelage

G. Eppley

Japan

S. Esumi

O. Evdokimov

O. Eyser

B. Fan

R. Fatemi

Italy

S. Fazio

H. Feng

Y. Feng

E. Finch

Y. Fisyak

F.A. Flor

C. Fu

T. Fu

T. Gao

Y. Gao

F. Geurts

A. Gibson

K. Gopal

X. Gou

D. Grosnick

A. Gu

A. Gupta

W. Guryn

A. Hamed

R.J. Hamilton

J. Han

X. Han

M.D. Harasty

J.W. Harris

H. Harrison-Smith

L.B. Havener

X.H. He

Y. He

C. Hu

Q. Hu

Y. Hu

H. Huang

Hyperon global polarization in isobar Ru+Ru and Zr+Zr collisions at <math altimg='si15.svg'><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><msub><mrow /><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant='normal'>N</mi></mrow><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msub></msqrt><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>=</mo><mn>200</mn><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant='normal'>G</mi></mrow><mi>e</mi><mi>V</mi></mrow></mrow></math>

<p>All charmless <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>P</mi><mi>V</mi><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mo>ℓ</mo></msub></math> (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>P</mi></math> denotes the light pseudoscalar meson and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>V</mi></math> denotes the vector meson) decays have not been experimentally observed to date, but some of them might be measured in the near future. The charmless <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>P</mi><mi>V</mi><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mo>ℓ</mo></msub></math> decays with the axial-vector (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>A</mi></math>) resonance states, the tensor (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>T</mi></math>) resonance states, and the excited vector (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>E</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub></math>) resonance states are studied based on flavor SU(3) analysis in this work, where <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>E</mi></msub></math> contains <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo stretchy="false">{</mo><mi>ρ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1450</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>,</mo><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>*</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1410</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>ω</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1420</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>ϕ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1680</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">}</mo></math> with quantum numbers <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>n</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>S</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>J</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mn>3</mn></msup><msub><mi>S</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>D</mi></msub></math> contains <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo stretchy="false">{</mo><mi>ρ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1700</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>,</mo><msup><mi>K</mi><mo>*</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1680</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>ω</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1650</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>,</mo><mi>ϕ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2170</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">}</mo></math> with quantum numbers <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>n</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>S</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup><msub><mi>L</mi><mi>J</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><msup><mn>1</mn><mn>3</mn></msup><msub><mi>D</mi><mn>1</mn></msub></math>. The hadronic amplitudes of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>T</mi><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mo>ℓ</mo></msub></math> decays are related by the nonperturbative parameters, and the branching ratio predictions of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>A</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>T</mi><mo>/</mo><msub><mi>V</mi><mrow><mi>E</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>D</mi></mrow></msub><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mo>ℓ</mo></msub></math> are obtained, and then the branching ratios of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>A</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>P</mi><mi>V</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mo>ℓ</mo></msub></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>T</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>T</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>P</mi><mi>V</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mo>ℓ</mo></msub></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>E</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>E</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>P</mi><mi>V</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mo>ℓ</mo></msub></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>D</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>V</mi><mi>D</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>P</mi><mi>V</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mo>ℓ</mo></msub></math> are obtained by the narrow width approximation or further considering the width effects. We find that most branching ratios of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>A</mi><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mo>ℓ</mo></msub></math> decays and many branching ratios of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>A</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>A</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>P</mi><mi>V</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mo>ℓ</mo></msub></math> decays are on the order of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup><mi>–</mi><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, and all branching ratios with the tensor resonance states and the excited vector resonance states are small. Our results could be tested in the future Belle II and LHCb experiments.</p>

Yuan-Guo Xu

Flavor SU(3) analysis of the charmless semileptonic <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>P</mi><mi>V</mi><msup><mo>ℓ</mo><mo>+</mo></msup><msub><mi>ν</mi><mo>ℓ</mo></msub></math> decays

We study $ \cos2\phi $ azimuthal asymmetry in doubly longitudinally polarized proton-proton Drell-Yan collisions within the transverse momentum dependent factorization framework. The asymmetry arises from the convolution of the longitudinal transversity distribution $ h_{1L}^{\perp} $ for both protons. Using the Bacchetta-Delcarro-Pisano-Radici-Signori parameterization for the nonperturbative Sudakov form factor and the Wandzura-Wilczek approximation for collinear $ h_{1L}^{\perp} $ , we predict the double spin asymmetry $ A_{LL}^{\cos2\phi} $ at RHIC and NICA kinematics. Our results demonstrate sensitivity to sea quark distributions, with the asymmetry reaching up to 25% for maximal sea quark contributions. These predictions highlight the potential of polarized Drell-Yan measurements to probe sea quark dynamics and advance our understanding of nucleon structures.

Hui Li

Ting Hu

Liang-Liang Liu

Xiao-Yu Wang

Zhun Lu

Asymmetry ${{\boldsymbol A}_{\boldsymbol{LL}}^{\bf\cos2\boldsymbol\phi}} $ in the polarized proton-proton Drell-Yan process within TMD factorization * Hui Li is supported by Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province (202203021222224) and Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Normal University (JCYJ2023021). Xiao-Yu Wang is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (242300421377, 232300421140)

We propose a search strategy at the HL-LHC for a new neutral particle $\textit{X}$ that couples to $\textit{W}$-bosons, using the process $ p p \to W^{\pm} X (\to W^{+} W^{-}) $ with a tri-$\textit{W}$-boson final state. Focusing on events with two same-sign leptonic $\textit{W}$-boson decays into muons and a hadronically decaying $\textit{W}$-boson, our method leverages the enhanced signal-to-background discrimination achieved through a machine-learning-based multivariate analysis. Using the heavy photophobic axion-like particle (ALP) as a benchmark, we evaluate the discovery sensitivities on both production cross section times branching ratio $ \sigma(p p \to W^{\pm} X) \times \text{Br}(X \to W^{+} W^{-}) $ and the coupling $ g_{aWW} $ for particle mass over a wide range of 170–3000 GeV at the HL-LHC with center-of-mass energy $ \sqrt{s} = 14 \, \text{ TeV} $ and integrated luminosity $ {\cal{L}} = 3 \, \text{ab}^{-1} $ . Our results show significant improvements in discovery sensitivity, particularly for masses above 300 GeV, compared to existing limits derived from CMS analyses of Standard Model (SM) tri-$\textit{W}$-boson production at $ \sqrt{s} = 13 \, \text{ TeV} $ . This study demonstrates the potential of advanced selection techniques in probing the coupling of new particles to $\textit{W}$-bosons and highlights the HL-LHC's capability to explore physics beyond the SM.

Ying-nan Mao

Kechen Wang

Yiheng Xiong

Sensitivities of new resonance couplings to $\textit{W}$-bosons at the LHC * Ying-nan Mao and Yihen Xiong are supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12205227). Kechen Wang is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11905162), the Excellent Young Talents Program of the Wuhan University of Technology (40122102), and the research program of the Wuhan University of Technology (2020IB024). The simulation and analysis work of this article was completed with the computational cluster provided by the Theoretical Physics Group at the Department of Physics, School of Physics and Mechanics, Wuhan University of Technology

The production of heavy-quark (HQ) jets is a new area that addresses the mass effect of jet quenching in heavy-ion physics. This paper presents a theoretical study of HQ jet yield suppression in Pb+Pb collisions at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and focuses on the energy loss of HQ jets produced by different mechanisms. The $\textit{p+p}$ baseline is provided by the generator simulation of high-energy reactions of particles (SHERPA), and the jet-medium interactions are described by the SHELL transport model, which considers the elastic and inelastic partonic energy loss in the quark-gluon plasma (QGP). In $\textit{p+p}$ collisions, our numerical results indicate that the HQ jets from gluon splitting ( $ g \rightarrow Q $ -jet) are the dominant contribution at high $ p_T $ , displaying more dispersive structures than the HQ-initiated ( $ Q \rightarrow Q $ -jet). In nucleus-nucleus collisions, our calculations were consistent with the inclusive and b-jet $ R_{AA} $ recently measured by the ATLAS collaboration, revealing a remarkable manifestation of the mass effect of jet energy loss. As a result of the dispersive substructure, the $ g \rightarrow Q $ -jet loses more energy than the $ Q \rightarrow Q $ -jet in the QGP. Due to the significant contribution of $ g \rightarrow c $ -jet, the $ R_{AA} $ of $\textit{c}$-jet is comparable or even smaller than that of inclusive jet. To experimentally distinguish the $ g \rightarrow Q $ -jet and $ Q \rightarrow Q $ -jet, we propose event selection strategies based on their topological features and test their performances. By isolating the $ c \rightarrow c $ -jet, $ b \rightarrow b $ -jet, and the jets initiated by heavy quarks, we predicted that the order of their $ R_{AA} $ are in line with the mass hierarchy of energy loss. Future measurements on the $ R_{AA} $ of $ Q \rightarrow Q $ -jet and $ g \rightarrow Q $ -jet will provide a unique opportunity for testing the flavor/mass dependence of energy loss at the jet level.

Sa Wang

Shuang Li

Yao Li

Ben-Wei Zhang

Enke Wang

Probing the mass effect of heavy quark jets in high-energy nuclear collisions * Supported by the MajorProject of Basic and Applied Basic Research of Guangdong Province, China (2020B0301030008, 2023A1515011460), and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11935007, 12035007, 12247127, 12375137). Sa Wang is supported by the Open Foundation of Key Laboratory of Quark and Lepton Physics (MOE) (QLPL2023P01) and the Talent Scientific Star-up Foundation of the China Three Gorges University, China (CTGU) (2024RCKJ013)

Semileptonic three-body  $$D \rightarrow M\ell ^+\nu _\ell $$  <math> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mo>→</mo> <mi>M</mi> <msup> <mi>ℓ</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msup> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mi>ℓ</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math>   decays, non-leptonic  $$M \rightarrow VP$$  <math> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mo>→</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> </math>   decays, and semileptonic four-body  $$D \rightarrow M(M \rightarrow VP)\ell ^+\nu _\ell $$  <math> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mo>→</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mo>→</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mi>P</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>ℓ</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msup> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mi>ℓ</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math>   decays are analyzed using the SU(3) flavor symmetry/breaking approach, where  $$\ell =e/\mu $$  <math> <mrow> <mi>ℓ</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>e</mi> <mo>/</mo> <mi>μ</mi> </mrow> </math>  ,  $$M=A/T$$  <math> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mo>=</mo> <mi>A</mi> <mo>/</mo> <mi>T</mi> </mrow> </math>  , and A/T/V/P denote the axial-vector/tensor/vector/pseudoscalar mesons, respectively. In terms of SU(3) flavor symmetry/breaking, the decay amplitudes of the  $$D \rightarrow M \ell ^+ \nu _\ell $$  <math> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mo>→</mo> <mi>M</mi> <msup> <mi>ℓ</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msup> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mi>ℓ</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math>   decays and the vertex coefficients of the  $$M \rightarrow VP$$  <math> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mo>→</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> </math>   decays are related. The relevant non-perturbative parameters of the  $$D \rightarrow A\ell ^+\nu _\ell $$  <math> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mo>→</mo> <mi>A</mi> <msup> <mi>ℓ</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msup> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mi>ℓ</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math>  ,  $$A \rightarrow VP$$  <math> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>→</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> </math>  , and  $$T \rightarrow VP$$  <math> <mrow> <mi>T</mi> <mo>→</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> </math>   decays are constrained by the present experimental data, and the non-perturbative parameters of  $$D \rightarrow T\ell ^+\nu _\ell $$  <math> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mo>→</mo> <mi>T</mi> <msup> <mi>ℓ</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msup> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mi>ℓ</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math>   decays are taken from the results in the light-front quark model since no experimental data are available at present. The branching ratios of the  $$D \rightarrow M \ell ^+ \nu _\ell $$  <math> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mo>→</mo> <mi>M</mi> <msup> <mi>ℓ</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msup> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mi>ℓ</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math>  ,  $$M \rightarrow VP$$  <math> <mrow> <mi>M</mi> <mo>→</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> </math>  , and  $$D\rightarrow M(M\rightarrow VP)\ell ^+\nu _\ell $$  <math> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mo>→</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mrow> <mo>(</mo> <mi>M</mi> <mo>→</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mi>P</mi> <mo>)</mo> </mrow> <msup> <mi>ℓ</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msup> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mi>ℓ</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math>   decays are then predicted. We find that some processes receive both tensor and axial-vector resonant contributions, while other processes receive only axial-vector resonant contributions. In cases where both kinds of resonant contributions exist, the axial-vector contributions are dominant. Some branching ratios with axial-vector resonance states are large, and they may be measured experimentally in the near future. In addition, the sensitivities of the branching ratios of  $$D \rightarrow A \ell ^+ \nu _\ell $$  <math> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mo>→</mo> <mi>A</mi> <msup> <mi>ℓ</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msup> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mi>ℓ</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math>   and  $$A \rightarrow VP$$  <math> <mrow> <mi>A</mi> <mo>→</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mi>P</mi> </mrow> </math>   decays to the parameters are also investigated, and some decay branching ratios are found to be sensitive to the non-perturbative parameters.

Yue-Xin Liu

Study of the axial-vector and tensor resonant contributions to the  $$D \rightarrow VP\ell ^+\nu _\ell $$  <math> <mrow> <mi>D</mi> <mo>→</mo> <mi>V</mi> <mi>P</mi> <msup> <mi>ℓ</mi> <mo>+</mo> </msup> <msub> <mi>ν</mi> <mi>ℓ</mi> </msub> </mrow> </math>   decays based on SU(3) flavor analysis