We update the analysis of minimal supersymmetric <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>S</mi><mi>O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>10</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> grand unification with a universal, constrained-minimal supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM)-like soft-breaking spectrum. A pair of Yukawa matrices in the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn mathvariant="bold">10</mn><mo stretchy="false">⊕</mo><mover accent="true"><mn mathvariant="bold">126</mn><mo stretchy="true">¯</mo></mover></math> Higgs sector fixes the charged fermion masses and quark mixing, the baryon number-violating dimension-five operators that mediate proton decay, and the right-handed neutrino Majorana masses of the type-I seesaw. The simultaneously imposed constraints include: (i) gauge coupling unification and vacuum stability; (ii) dimension-five proton decay (the dimension-six gauge mode also computed and negligible), the 125-GeV Higgs mass, and the Large Electron-Positron chargino limit; and (iii) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>μ</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>e</mi><mi>γ</mi></math>, the muon <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></math>, and electric dipole moments. We perform a global scan over the soft-breaking parameters, complemented by a constrained-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>μ</mi></math> cross-check that fixes the electroweakino sector from the grand unified theory (GUT)-scale boundary conditions through radiative electroweak symmetry breaking. Subject to a single effective colored Higgs scale <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>M</mi><msub><mi>H</mi><mi>C</mi></msub></msub></math> for the proton decay normalization (common to unification and decay, though in a general color triplet mass matrix the two can differ) and to a constrained-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>μ</mi></math> treatment, what survives is a narrow minisplit region: heavy, multitens-of-TeV scalars with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>m</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo>≳</mo><mn>11.0</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>TeV</mi></math> for a dressing electroweakino mass <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>m</mi><mi>χ</mi></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>1</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>TeV</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>tan</mi><mi>β</mi><mo>≲</mo><msubsup><mn>8.0</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2.0</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>5.5</mn></mrow></msubsup></math>, the uncertainty being the Higgs mass theory error. We also examine the fate of the lightest supersymmetric particle as a dark matter candidate, in both the universal model and its free-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>μ</mi></math> nonuniversal-Higgs-mass extension. The surviving region is sharply bounded and testable in the coming decade, most directly by Hyper-Kamiokande proton decay and electroweakino searches, with dark matter direct detection and electric dipole moment experiments.

China

Cheng-Wei Chiang

Japan

Takeshi Fukuyama

Updated analysis of minimal supersymmetric <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>S</mi><mi>O</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>10</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> with a universal soft spectrum

We develop the ordinary differential equation–integrable model correspondence for the higher-order Mathieu equation arising from the quantum Seiberg-Witten curve of the pure <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>S</mi><mi>U</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn></math> supersymmetric Yang-Mills theory. From the subdominant solutions, we construct the Q and Y systems and derive the corresponding thermodynamic Bethe ansatz (TBA) equations. The dependence of the moduli parameters is found to be encoded in the boundary conditions of the Y functions at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>θ</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mo>−</mo><mi>∞</mi></math>. From these boundary data, we derive an analytic expression for the effective central charge, which also governs the subleading contribution in the large-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>θ</mi></math> expansion of the TBA equations. Finally, we compare the large-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>θ</mi></math> expansion of the Q function derived from the TBA equations with that obtained from the WKB method, which yields analytic agreement at subleading order and precise numerical agreement at the higher-order corrections.

Feiyu Peng

Hongfei Shu

Thermodynamic Bethe ansatz equations for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>S</mi><mi>U</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>r</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> quantum Seiberg-Witten curve: Higher-order Mathieu equation

The ALICE Collaboration has measured the azimuthal correlation between trigger isolated-prompt photons and associated charged hadrons in Pb–Pb collisions at the CERN LHC, at a centre-of-mass energy per nucleon pair of $$\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}~=~5.02$$ TeV. The trigger isolated-prompt photons are measured in the transverse-momentum range $$18<p_{\textrm{T}}^{\gamma }<40$$ GeV/$\textit{c}$ and pseudorapidity range $$|\eta ^{\gamma }| <0.67$$ . The isolation selection is based on a charged particle isolation momentum threshold $$p_{\textrm{T}}^{\mathrm{iso,\,ch}} = 1.5$$ GeV/$\textit{c}$ within a cone of radius $$R=0.2$$ . The associated charged particles are measured in the transverse-momentum ranges $$p_{\textrm{T}}^{\textrm{h}} > 1.8$$ GeV/$\textit{c}$ and pseudorapidity $$|\eta ^{{\textrm{h}}}| <0.9$$ . The yield D( $$z_{\textrm{T}}$$ ) of associated hadrons per trigger, with $$z_{\textrm{T}} = p_{\textrm{T}}^{{\textrm{h}}}/p_{\textrm{T}}^{\gamma }$$ , is measured in three Pb–Pb collision centrality classes: central (0–30%), semicentral (30–50%), and peripheral (50–90%). The D( $$z_{\textrm{T}}$$ ) measurement in pp collisions with the same $$p_{\textrm{T}}^{\gamma }$$ interval was too limited statistically, but at a lower $$p_{\textrm{T}}^{\gamma }$$ interval, showing agreement with theoretical predictions. Therefore, an approximation to the standard $$I_{\textrm{AA}}$$ is computed from the D( $$z_{\textrm{T}}$$ ) conditional yields, using NLO pQCD predictions as pp reference, the $$I_{\textrm{pQCD}}$$ . A strong suppression of this ratio is observed in central collisions compared to peripheral collisions. The result extends to a lower $$p_{\textrm{T}}^{\gamma }$$ relative to those reported in previously published Pb–Pb collisions measurements at $$\sqrt{s_{\textrm{NN}}}~=~5.02$$ TeV. The $$I_{\textrm{pQCD}}$$ measurement is compared to $$I_{\textrm{AA}}$$ calculations with an NLO pQCD model that includes energy loss, and to the CoLBT-hydro model. The $$I_{\textrm{pQCD}}$$ results from central collisions are also compared with $$I_{\textrm{AA}}$$ measurements of jets correlated with isolated-prompt photons and of hadrons correlated with $$\hbox {Z}^{0}$$ bosons, both reported by the CMS Collaboration at the LHC, as well as with direct photon–hadron correlation $$I_{\textrm{AA}}$$ measurements reported by the PHENIX and STAR Collaborations at RHIC.

United States

D. Abdallah

I. Abualrob

Italy

S. Acharya

K. Agarwal

Switzerland

G. Rinella

L. Aglietta

N. Agrawal

India

Z. Ahammed

S. Ahmad

Slovakia

I. Ahuja

Indonesia

Z. Akbar

Germany

V. Akishina

M. Al-Turany

B. Alessandro

Thailand

A. Alfarasyi

Mexico

R. Molina

B. Ali

A. Alici

Norway

J. Alme

G. Alocco

T. Alt

I. Altsybeev

Romania

C. Andrei

United Kingdom

N. Andreou

A. Andronic

M. Angeletti

V. Anguelov

F. Antinori

P. Antonioli

N. Apadula

H. Appelshäuser

France

C. Arata

S. Arcelli

R. Arnaldi

I. Arsene

M. Arslandok

A. Augustinus

R. Averbeck

M. Azmi

South Korea

B. Kong

H. Baba

A. Babu

A. Badalà

J. Bae

Y. Bae

Y. Baek

X. Bai

R. Bailhache

Y. Bailung

R. Bala

A. Baldisseri

Poland

B. Balis

S. Bangalia

K. Barai

V. Barbasova

F. Barile

L. Barioglio

M. Barlou

B. Barman

Hungary

G. Barnaföldi

L. Barnby

E. Barreau

V. Barret

Brazil

L. Barreto

K. Barth

E. Bartsch

N. Bastid

G. Batigne

Czechia

D. Battistini

B. Batyunya

L. Baudino

D. Bauri

Peru

J. Alba

Denmark

I. Bearden

D. Behera

S. Behera

M. Behling

I. Belikov

V. Bella

F. Bellini

R. Bellwied

L. Beltran

Y. Beltran

G. Bencedi

Austria

O. Benchikhi

A. Bensaoula

S. Beole

A. Berdnikova

L. Bergmann

L. Bernardinis

L. Betev

P. Bhaduri

T. Bhalla

A. Bhasin

B. Bhattacharjee

L. Bianchi

J. Bielčík

J. Bielčíková

A. Bilandzic

A. Binoy

Measurement of isolated-prompt photon–hadron correlations in Pb–Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{{s}_{{\textrm{NN}}}} = 5.02$$ TeV

This paper presents the measurement of $$\pi ^{\pm }$$ , $$\text {K}^{\pm }$$ , and p( $$\bar{\text {p}}$$ ) production in high-multiplicity proton–proton collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=13$$ TeV at midrapidity ( $$|y| < 0.5$$ ) using the ALICE detector at the LHC. The transverse-momentum ( $$p_\textrm{T} $$ ) spectra of these particles are reported for three high-multiplicity classes. The results show a mass- and multiplicity-dependent hardening of the $$p_\textrm{T} $$ spectra and an enhancement of the p/ $$\pi $$ ratio at intermediate $$p_\textrm{T} $$ . These features are similar to those observed in heavy-ion collisions, where quark–gluon plasma formation is expected. The new measurements have extended the highest average charged-particle multiplicity density per unit of pseudorapidity achieved in pp collisions, roughly a factor five higher than that in average inelastic pp collisions, thereby reducing the multiplicity gap between small and large collision systems. In addition, the results are further compared with previously published measurements and with model calculations obtained using distinct tunes of the PYTHIA 8 Monte Carlo generator, as well as with predictions from the EPOS4. The comparison of the $$p_\textrm{T}$$ -integrated K/ $$\pi $$ and p/ $$\pi $$ ratios across different collision systems and energies suggests that particle production scales with charged-particle multiplicity, rather than with collision energy or system size. While the PYTHIA 8 tunes and the EPOS4 model are able to reproduce some of these measurements, either quantitatively or qualitatively, none of them consistently describes all observed features of the data.

Z. Banoo

P. Becht

G. Biro

S. Biswas

M. Blidaru

$$\pi $$ , K, and p production in high-multiplicity pp collisions at $$\mathbf {\sqrt{ s} = 13}$$ TeV

This work explores the effects of various color reconnection (CR) configurations on the net charge fluctuations of charged particles generated in $\textit{pp}$ collisions at a center-of-mass energy of $$\sqrt{s}$$ = 2.76 TeV, simulated with the PYTHIA Monash using the variable $$\nu _{(+,-,\text {dyn})}$$ . The results are compared with experimental data from ALICE, revealing that the current PYTHIA simulation settings overestimate the net charge fluctuations relative to the experimental observations. Furthermore, $$\nu _{(+,-,\text {dyn})}$$ exhibits a clear dependence on the MPICR range parameter, where increasing the range leads to more negative $$\nu _{(+,-,\text {dyn})}$$ values, suggesting the geometric extent of CR directly modulates the strength of local charge correlation. To ensure these effects are not a trivial consequence of particle density, a comparison with a retuned NoCR baseline at fixed multiplicity was performed. This analysis confirms that CR induces a genuine dynamical shift in fluctuations that persists independently of the average charged-particle density. The study also shows that the net charge and net pion channels display the strongest suppression in $$\langle N_{\text {ch}} \rangle \nu _{(+-,\text {dyn})}$$ compared to the net kaon and net proton channels. Overall, the study offers a useful benchmark against experimental results and sheds light on the underlying dynamics of the PYTHIA Monash.

Dibakar Dhar

Tumpa Biswas

Zubayer Ahammed

Prabir Haldar

Exploring the effects of color reconnection on net-charge fluctuations in $\textit{pp}$ collisions at $$\sqrt{s}=2.76 \text { TeV}$$ using PYTHIA Monash

We examine whether identified-hadron spectra determine a stable and predictive common effective temperature–flow pair. The analysis uses the ALICE midrapidity spectra of <italic>&#960;</italic> &#8239;&#177;&#8239;, <italic>K</italic> &#8239;&#177;&#8239;, <italic>p</italic>, and <math altimg='si4.svg'><mover accent='true'><mi>p</mi><mo>&#175;</mo></mover></math> in ten Pb&#8211;Pb centrality classes at <math altimg='si1.svg'><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>=</mo><mn>2.76</mn></mrow></math> TeV. The baseline is the thermodynamically consistent Tsallis form with embedded transverse hardening used previously for these data. A numerical reconstruction of the closest antecedent is followed by one-change-at-a-time tests, a six-model parameter-sharing hierarchy, local identifiability diagnostics, fit-range scans, parametric-bootstrap calibration, blocked- <italic>p<inf>T</inf></italic> validation, cross-species transfer, and a matched Boltzmann&#8211;Gibbs blast-wave comparison. Charge separation alone changes the physical shape parameters by at most 0.80 antecedent local-error units, whereas restoring the measured pion points below 0.5 GeV/ <italic>c</italic> moves individual shape parameters by as much as 7.46 units. Under the baseline diagonal-error treatment, the meson&#8211;baryon relaxation is identifiable in 14 of 20 fits and has a median descriptive <math altimg='si13.svg'><mrow><mstyle mathvariant='normal'><mi>&#916;</mi></mstyle><mtext>AICc</mtext><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>=</mo><mn>60.42</mn></mrow></math> relative to the common-pair model, but this preference reverses for a common upper limit of 1.5 GeV/ <italic>c</italic>. More flexible variants reduce blocked prediction error but are usually boundary-active or non-identifiable. For omitted kaons, transfer and simultaneous fits have similar errors, although both are poor in the low- <italic>p<inf>T</inf></italic> block; transfer is worse for pions and (anti)protons. On the predeclared ALICE soft window, the spatially integrated blast-wave form is identifiable in all 20 fits and gives a held-out weighted error of 871.1, compared with 3523.7 for the matched embedded-flow form. The spectra can therefore constrain a common temperature&#8211;flow description under a specified equation and momentum domain, but they do not select a unique, model-independent kinetic freeze-out pair. The result is conditional on the published diagonal pointwise uncertainties because the experimental covariance matrices are unavailable.

Saudi Arabia

Muhammad Ajaz

Haifa I. Alrebdi

Muhammad Waqas

Model and phase-space dependence of common temperature–flow inference from identified-hadron spectra in Pb–Pb collisions at <math altimg='si1.svg'><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></msqrt><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>=</mo><mn>2.76</mn></mrow></math> TeV

This Letter presents a combination of searches for Higgs boson pair (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>H</mi><mi>H</mi></math>) production performed by the ATLAS and CMS Collaborations using proton-proton collision datasets recorded at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msqrt><mi>s</mi></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>13</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>TeV</mi></math> during the Large Hadron Collider Run 2, corresponding to integrated luminosities ranging between 126 and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>140</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mi>fb</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math>. The upper limit at the 95% confidence level on the total <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>H</mi><mi>H</mi></math> signal strength, defined as the ratio of the measured cross section to the standard model (SM) prediction, corresponds to 2.5, with an expected value of 1.7 (2.8) assuming the absence (presence) of the SM <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>H</mi><mi>H</mi></math> signal. The strength of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>H</mi><mi>H</mi></math> signal is measured to be <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mn>0.8</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>0.7</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>0.9</mn></mrow></msubsup></math> relative to the SM prediction. The observed significance is found to be 1.1 standard deviations whereas 1.3 are expected for the SM <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>H</mi><mi>H</mi></math> signal. Constraints are set on the Higgs boson trilinear self-coupling and on the couplings of two Higgs bosons to two vector bosons, both normalized to the SM predictions and denoted as <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>κ</mi><mi>λ</mi></msub></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>κ</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>V</mi></mrow></msub></math>, respectively. The observed individual constraints at the 95% confidence level are <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>0.71</mn><mo>&lt;</mo><msub><mrow><mi>κ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>λ</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>6.1</mn></mrow></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>0.73</mn><mo>&lt;</mo><msub><mi>κ</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>V</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>1.3</mn></math>, while the expected constraints assuming the presence of the SM <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>H</mi><mi>H</mi></math> signal are <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>−</mo><mn>1.3</mn><mo>&lt;</mo><msub><mi>κ</mi><mi>λ</mi></msub><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>6.7</mn></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>0.66</mn><mo>&lt;</mo><msub><mi>κ</mi><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>V</mi></mrow></msub><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>1.4</mn></math>.

G. Aad

E. Aakvaag

B. Abbott

United Arab Emirates

S. Abdelhameed

K. Abeling

N.J. Abicht

S.H. Abidi

M. Aboelela

Morocco

A. Aboulhorma

Israel

H. Abramowicz

B.S. Acharya

A. Ackermann

C. Adam Bourdarios

L. Adamczyk

S.V. Addepalli

M.J. Addison

J. Adelman

Türkiye

A. Adiguzel

T. Adye

A.A. Affolder

Y. Afik

Spain

M.N. Agaras

A. Aggarwal

C. Agheorghiesei

A. Ahmad

F. Ahmadov

S. Ahuja

X. Ai

G. Aielli

A. Aikot

M. Ait Tamlihat

B. Aitbenchikh

Sweden

T.P.A. Åkesson

D. Akiyama

N.N. Akolkar

S. Aktas

G.L. Alberghi

Canada

J. Albert

U. Alberti

P. Albicocco

G.L. Albouy

Combination of ATLAS and CMS Searches for Higgs Boson Pair Production at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msqrt><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>13</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>TeV</mi></mrow></math>