We derive two rigorous bounds on the spectrum of massive states that contributes to planar amplitudes in weakly coupled theories with massless scalars. First, we show that the presence of massive spinning states necessitates the existence of lighter states with lower spins. Explicitly, if there exists a massive state with spin $\textit{J}$ > 2, then there must be a state with spin $\textit{J}$ − 1 and a non-zero mass lower than that of the lightest spin-$\textit{J}$ state, a state with spin $\textit{J}$ − 2 and a mass lower than that of the lightest spin-($\textit{J}$ − 1) particle and so on until we reach a mass below which only states with spin less than 2 are exchanged. Second, we find that if there are spin-$\textit{J}$ states in the spectrum, the maximum mass of the lightest spin-($\textit{J}$ + 1) state is determined by the masses of the lightest spin-$\textit{J}$ and ($\textit{J}$ − 1) states. In the approximation that this bound applies to pion scattering in real world QCD, we find it gives a window of only ∼150 MeV for the expected mass of a yet unmeasured spin-7 meson.

United States

Justin Berman

Analytic bounds on the spectrum of crossing symmetric S-matrices

<p>The first search for a heavy neutral spin-1 gauge boson (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math>) with nonuniversal fermion couplings produced via vector boson fusion processes and decaying to tau leptons or <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>W</mi></math> bosons is presented. The analysis is performed using LHC data at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msqrt><mi>s</mi></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>13</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>TeV</mi></math>, collected from 2016 to 2018 with the CMS experiment and corresponding to an integrated luminosity of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>138</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mrow><mi>fb</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>. The data are consistent with the standard model predictions. Upper limits are set on the product of the cross section for production of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math> boson and its branching fraction to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>τ</mi><mi>τ</mi></math> or <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>W</mi><mi>W</mi></math>. The presence of a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math> boson decaying to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></mrow></math> (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></mrow></math>) is excluded for masses up to 2.45(1.60) TeV, depending on the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></math> boson coupling to standard model weak bosons, and assuming a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>Z</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>′</mo></mrow></msup></mrow><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>τ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></mrow></math> (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></mrow><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>W</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup></mrow></mrow></math>) branching fraction of 50%.</p>

Armenia

A. Hayrapetyan

A. Tumasyan

Austria

W. Adam

J.W. Andrejkovic

L. Benato

T. Bergauer

S. Chatterjee

K. Damanakis

M. Dragicevic

P.S. Hussain

M. Jeitler

N. Krammer

A. Li

D. Liko

I. Mikulec

J. Schieck

R. Schöfbeck

D. Schwarz

M. Sonawane

W. Waltenberger

C.E. Wulz

Belgium

T. Janssen

T. Van Laer

P. Van Mechelen

N. Breugelmans

J. D’Hondt

S. Dansana

A. De Moor

M. Delcourt

F. Heyen

S. Lowette

I. Makarenko

D. Müller

S. Tavernier

M. Tytgat

G.P. Van Onsem

S. Van Putte

D. Vannerom

B. Bilin

B. Clerbaux

A.K. Das

I. De Bruyn

G. De Lentdecker

H. Evard

L. Favart

P. Gianneios

J. Jaramillo

A. Khalilzadeh

F.A. Khan

K. Lee

A. Malara

S. Paredes

M.A. Shahzad

L. Thomas

M. Vanden Bemden

C. Vander Velde

P. Vanlaer

M. De Coen

D. Dobur

G. Gokbulut

Y. Hong

J. Knolle

L. Lambrecht

D. Marckx

K. Mota Amarilo

K. Skovpen

N. Van Den Bossche

J. van der Linden

L. Wezenbeek

A. Benecke

A. Bethani

G. Bruno

C. Caputo

J. De Favereau De Jeneret

C. Delaere

I.S. Donertas

A. Giammanco

A.O. Guzel

Sa. Jain

V. Lemaitre

J. Lidrych

P. Mastrapasqua

T.T. Tran

Brazil

G.A. Alves

E. Coelho

G. Correia Silva

C. Hensel

T. Menezes De Oliveira

C. Mora Herrera

P. Rebello Teles

M. Soeiro

A. Vilela Pereira

W.L. Aldá Júnior

M. Barroso Ferreira Filho

H. Brandao Malbouisson

W. Carvalho

J. Chinellato

E.M. Da Costa

G.G. Da Silveira

D. De Jesus Damiao

Search for a Neutral Gauge Boson with Nonuniversal Fermion Couplings in Vector Boson Fusion Processes in Proton-Proton Collisions at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msqrt><mi>s</mi></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>13</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>TeV</mi></math>

<p>This study investigates the consistency of heterotic supergravity, where the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi></math>-field gauge transformation becomes anomalous due to the Green-Schwarz mechanism, under <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>T</mi></math>-duality transformations. We establish that preserving <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>T</mi></math> duality necessitates an infinite tower of higher-derivative couplings proportional to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>e</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn><mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi></mrow></msup></math>. For spacetimes featuring a Killing self-dual circle, these couplings remain immune to quantum corrections. Leveraging <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>S</mi></math> duality in heterotic or type I string theory, we then identify the corresponding couplings in type I theory. Notably, our analysis reveals that standard <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>S</mi></math>-duality transformations do not involve higher-derivative corrections. Building on this insight, we derive the explicit form of the effective action for type I theory at the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>α</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></math> order, adhering to a scheme that omits derivatives of the dilaton.</p>

Iran

Mohammad R. Garousi

<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>S</mi></math> duality in higher-derivative corrections of heterotic supergravity

As was shown in <inter-ref xmlns:ns0='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink' ns0:role='http://www.elsevier.com/xml/linking-roles/preprint' ns0:href='arxiv:1203.1054' id='inf0010'>arXiv:1203.1054</inter-ref>, expanding the Nambu action near the &#8220;long string&#8221; vacuum in the static gauge one finds that the one-loop <math altimg='si1.svg'><mn>2</mn><mo stretchy='false'>&#8594;</mo><mn>2</mn></math> scattering amplitude of the <math altimg='si2.svg'><mi>D</mi><mo linebreak='goodbreak' linebreakstyle='after'>&#8722;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo linebreak='goodbreak' linebreakstyle='after'>=</mo><mn>24</mn></math> transverse 2d fluctuations <math altimg='si3.svg'><msup><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msup></math> is given by a pure phase expression consistent with underlying integrability. Similar computation in the Green-Schwarz superstring was carried out in <inter-ref xmlns:ns0='http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink' ns0:role='http://www.elsevier.com/xml/linking-roles/preprint' ns0:href='arxiv:2404.09658' id='inf0020'>arXiv:2404.09658</inter-ref>. Here we consider the case of the NSR or spinning string starting with its manifestly 2d covariant action given by <italic>D</italic> scalar multiplets coupled to 2d supergravity. Integrating out the zweibein and gravitino fields is not straightforward so that a Nambu-like version of the spinning string action involving only the scalar coordinates and their 2d fermionic partners was not given in the past. We show how the elimination of the auxiliary fields can be done in the static gauge after a particular choice of the superconformal gauges on the fermions while keeping the transverse fields <math altimg='si3.svg'><msup><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msup></math> and <math altimg='si4.svg'><msup><mrow><mi>&#968;</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msup></math> off-shell. The resulting one-loop S-matrix for <math altimg='si3.svg'><msup><mrow><mi>X</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>i</mi></mrow></msup></math> turns out, as expected, to be the same as in the GS superstring case. We also discuss similar actions for the heterotic string and a <math altimg='si125.svg'><mi>T</mi><mover accent='true'><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy='false'>&#175;</mo></mrow></mover></math> deformation of a free 2d scalar multiplet.

United Kingdom

Arkady A. Tseytlin

Zihan Wang

On world-sheet S-matrix of NSR string in static gauge

The momentum-differential invariant cross sections of $\textit{π}$ and $\textit{η}$ mesons are reported for pp collisions at $$\sqrt{s}$$ = 13 TeV at midrapidity ($\textit{|y| <}$ 0$\textit{.}$8). The measurement is performed in a broad transverse-momentum range of 0$\textit{.}$2 $\textit{< p}$ $\textit{<}$ 200 GeV/$\textit{c}$ and 0$\textit{.}$4 $\textit{< p}$ $\textit{<}$ 60 GeV/$\textit{c}$ for the $\textit{π}$ and $\textit{η}$, respectively, extending the $\textit{p}$ coverage of previous measurements. Transverse-mass-scaling violation of up to 60% at low transverse momentum has been observed, agreeing with measurements at lower collision energies. Transverse Bjorken $\textit{x}$ ($\textit{x}$ ) scaling of the $\textit{π}$ cross sections at LHC energies is fulfilled with a power-law exponent of $\textit{n}$ = 5$\textit{.}$01 ± 0$\textit{.}$05, consistent with values obtained for charged pions at similar collision energies. The data are compared to predictions from next-to-leading order perturbative QCD calculations, where the $\textit{π}$ spectrum is best described using the CT18 parton distribution function and the NNFF1.0 or BDSS fragmentation function. Expectations from PYTHIA8 and EPOS LHC overestimate the spectrum for the $\textit{π}$ and are not able to describe the shape and magnitude of the $\textit{η}$ spectrum. The charged-particle multiplicity dependent $\textit{π}$ and $\textit{η p}$ spectra show the expected change of the spectral shape, characterized by a flatter slope with increasing multiplicity. This is demonstrated across a broad transverse-momentum range and up to events with a charged-particle multiplicity exceeding five times the mean value in minimum bias collisions. The $\textit{η/π}$ ratio depends on the charged-particle multiplicity for $\textit{p}$ $\textit{<}$ 4 GeV/$\textit{c}$. PYTHIA8 and EPOS LHC qualitatively explain this behavior with an increasing contribution from the feed-down of heavier particles to the $\textit{π}$ spectrum.

France

S. Acharya

India

A. Agarwal

Switzerland

G. Aglieri Rinella

Italy

L. Aglietta

M. Agnello

N. Agrawal

Z. Ahammed

S. Ahmad

South Korea

S. Ahn

Slovakia

I. Ahuja

A. Akindinov

Germany

V. Akishina

M. Al-Turany

D. Aleksandrov

B. Alessandro

China

H. Alfanda

Mexico

R. Alfaro Molina

B. Ali

A. Alici

N. Alizadehvandchali

A. Alkin

Norway

J. Alme

G. Alocco

T. Alt

A. Altamura

I. Altsybeev

J. Alvarado

M. Anaam

Romania

C. Andrei

N. Andreou

A. Andronic

E. Andronov

V. Anguelov

F. Antinori

P. Antonioli

N. Apadula

L. Aphecetche

H. Appelshäuser

C. Arata

S. Arcelli

R. Arnaldi

J. Arneiro

I. Arsene

M. Arslandok

A. Augustinus

R. Averbeck

D. Averyanov

M. Azmi

Japan

H. Baba

A. Badalà

J. Bae

Y. Bae

Y. Baek

X. Bai

R. Bailhache

Y. Bailung

R. Bala

A. Baldisseri

Poland

B. Balis

Z. Banoo

V. Barbasova

F. Barile

L. Barioglio

Greece

M. Barlou

B. Barman

Hungary

G. Barnaföldi

Light neutral-meson production in pp collisions at $$\sqrt{\text{s}}$$ = 13 TeV