The interference between amplitudes corresponding to different intermediate resonances plays an important role in generating large CP asymmetries in the phase space in multi-body decays of bottom and charmed mesons. In this study, we examine the CP violation in the decay channel $ {\overline{B}}^{0}\rightarrow K^{-}\pi^{+}\pi^{0} $ in the phase-space region where the intermediate resonances $ \overline{K}^{*}(892)^{0} $ and $ {\overline{K}^{*}_{0}(700)} $ dominate. In particular, the forward-backward asymmetry (FBA) and the CP asymmetry induced by FBA (FB-CPA), which are closely related to the interference effects between the two aforementioned resonances, are investigated. The nontrivial correlation between FBA and FB-CPA is analyzed. The analysis indicates that FB-CPAs around the resonance $ \overline{K}^{*}(892)^{0} $ can be as large as approximately 35%, which can be potentially accessible by Belle and Belle-II collaborations in the near future.

China

Jian-Yu Yang

Yu-Jie Zhao

Jing-Juan Qi

Zhen-Hua Zhang

The forward-backward asymmetry induced CP asymmetry in ${{\overline{B}}^{0}\rightarrow K^{-}\pi^{+}\pi^{0}}$ in phase space around the resonances ${{\overline{K}}^{*}(892)^{0}}$ and ${{\overline{K}}^{*}_{0}(700)}$ * Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (12475096, 12405115, 12192261) and Scientific Research Fund of Hunan Provincial Education Department (22A0319)

Motivated by the observation of the doubly charmed tetraquark $ T_{cc}(3875)^+ $ , we present a systematic study of doubly heavy tetraquarks ( $ T_{QQ'\bar{q}\bar{q}'} $ ) using heavy antiquark-diquark symmetry (HADS) within a constituent quark model. By calibrating model parameters to known hadron spectra and incorporating the effective mass formula, we predict the masses for 38 ground-state tetraquarks with $ cc $ , $ bb $ , and $ bc $ heavy quark pairs, including the non-strange, single-strange, and double-strange configurations with quantum numbers $ J^P = 0^+, 1^+ $ and $ 2^+ $ . Notably, we identify several stable states below the relevant meson-meson thresholds, particularly in the $ bb\bar{q}\bar{q}' $ sector. The explicit connection between the doubly heavy tetraquark and the heavy baryon spectra through HADS reduces model dependence and reveals the fundamental systematics in the heavy-quark hadron landscape.

Liu-Yu Zhang

Tian-Wei Wu

Yong-Liang Ma

Bridging doubly heavy tetraquark mass spectrum with heavy baryons utilizing heavy antiquark-diquark symmetry * The work of Tian-Wei Wu is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12405108). Yong-Liang Ma is supported in part by the National Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (12347103) and Gusu Talent Innovation Program (ZXL2024363)

The Schwinger effect, a non-perturbative mechanism for particle production in strong fields, plays a crucial role in understanding quantum vacuum decay and high-energy phenomena, including heavy-ion collisions (HIC). Although holographic quantum chromodynamics (QCD) models have been widely used to study this effect, most treatments assume isotropy or consider only a single type of anisotropy, neglecting the interplay between spatial and magnetic anisotropies that arise in realistic HIC scenarios. A unified framework accounting for both anisotropies is needed to accurately model particle production. We investigate the Schwinger effect in a twice anisotropic holographic QCD model incorporating both spatial and magnetic anisotropies. Using the anti-de Sitter/conformal field theory correspondence, we compute the total potential of a particle-antiparticle pair to quantify how these anisotropies influence pair production. Our results show that the magnetic field (parameterized by $c_B$ and $q_3$ ) enhances the Schwinger effect by lowering and narrowing the potential barrier, while increasing spatial anisotropy (controlled by $\nu$ ) suppresses the process by raising and widening the barrier. These findings demonstrate that magnetic and spatial anisotropies exert competing effects on particle production, emphasizing the necessity of treating both concurrently in holographic models. This work advances the theoretical description of the Schwinger effect in anisotropic environments, with implications for understanding non-equilibrium dynamics in HIC and other strongly coupled systems.

Wen-Bin Chang

Defu Hou

Schwinger effect in a twice anisotropic holographic model * Defu Hou's research is supported in part by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2022YFA1604900). Additionally, Defu Hou receives partial support from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (12435009, 12275104). Wen-Bin Chang is supported by the Ph.D. Research Startup Project at Hubei Minzu University (RZ2500000857)

In the era of precision measurements in high-energy heavy-ion physics, there is an increasing expectation towards phenomenological and theoretical studies to provide a better description of data. In recent years, multiple experiments have confirmed through two-pion Bose–Einstein correlation measurements that the shape of the two-pion pair source can be well described by Lévy-stable distributions. However, direct comparisons of new phenomenological results with the data are still needed to understand the underlying phenomena and learn more about the nature of pion emission. In this paper, we present a three-dimensional analysis of the two-pion source in Monte-Carlo simulations of $$\text {Au}{+}\text {Au}$$ collisions at 200 GeV per nucleon collision energy based on EPOS3, and discuss a detailed comparison with the most recent centrality-dependent measurements from the PHENIX Collaboration. We find that the model remarkably agrees with the data for peripheral collisions, while an increasing discrepancy is found in case of central collisions for the source shapes and sizes. On the other hand, scaled correlation strengths are found to be well described by the model across all investigated system sizes.

Hungary

Dániel Kincses

Emese Árpási

László Kovács

Márton Nagy

Máté Csanád

Three-dimensional sizes and shapes of pion emission in heavy-ion collisions

We explore the prospects of probing the complex singlet extension of the Standard Model (CxSM) with gravitational waves from the electroweak phase transition. The study establishes a connection of the scalar potential parameters, the thermodynamic properties of the phase transition, with the directly measured stochastic gravitational-wave background in the presence of astrophysical background and foreground. Considering the space-based gravitational-wave detector Taiji, we construct a frequency-domain likelihood that incorporates instrumental and astrophysical noises, and we perform both Fisher-matrix forecasts and Bayesian nested sampling analysis. The comparison of these two approaches demonstrates consistent parameter recovery and highlights the sensitivity of Taiji to millihertz gravitational-wave signals. We further propagate the inferred constraints on the gravitational-wave spectrum back to the underlying CxSM parameters, obtaining meaningful limits on the Higgs self-couplings. The results emphasize the complementarity between gravitational-wave observations and collider measurements, showing that future missions such as Taiji can serve as a powerful probe of electroweak-scale new physics and the dynamical origin of the Higgs sector.

Qingyuan Liang

Ligong Bian

Huai-Ke Guo

Yongcheng Wu

Bayesian analysis of the complex singlet model with phase transition gravitational waves

We set the scale of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>SU</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math> Yang-Mills theories for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>N</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn></math>, 5, 8 and in the large-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>N</mi></math> limit via gradient flow, as a first step towards the computation of the large-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>N</mi></math> <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">Λ</mi></math>-parameter using step scaling. We adopt twisted boundary conditions to achieve large-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>N</mi></math> volume reduction and the Parallel Tempering on Boundary Conditions algorithm to tame topological freezing. This setup allows accurate determinations of the gradient-flow scales down to lattice spacings as fine as <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>∼</mo><mn>0.025</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>fm</mi></math> for all the explored values of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>N</mi></math>, a regime that has never been reached with ergodic algorithms. Moreover, we are able to precisely estimate the finite-size systematics related to topological freezing, and to show the suppression of finite-volume effects expected by virtue of large-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>N</mi></math> twisted volume reduction.

Claudio Bonanno

Jorge Luis Dasilva Golán

Margarita García Pérez

Massimo D’Elia

Andrea Giorgieri

Scale setting of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>SU</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>N</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math> Yang–Mills theory, topology and large-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>N</mi></math> volume independence

We propose nucleon energy correlators (NECs) as a novel framework to probe electroweak light-quark dipole operators in deep inelastic scattering with an unpolarized nucleon. These operators encode chirality-flipping interactions, whose effects are usually quadratically suppressed in unpolarized cross sections. We construct a chiral-odd quark NEC that accesses quark transverse spin via azimuthal angle asymmetries in the energy flow of the target fragmentation region. These asymmetries serve as clean and powerful observables, enabling linear constraints on the quark dipole couplings. Unlike existing methods, our approach requires neither polarized nucleon beams nor final-state hadron identification, relying instead on fully inclusive calorimetric measurements. This Letter establishes one of the first applications of energy correlator observables to new physics searches and opens a promising direction for precision studies of chirality-flipping effects at electron-ion colliders.

Yingsheng Huang

Xuan-Bo Tong

Hao-Lin Wang

Nucleon Energy Correlators as a Probe of Light-Quark Dipole Operators at the Electron-Ion Collider

We systematically investigate the dibaryons <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msubsup><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msubsup></math> (di-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math>) and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msubsup><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msubsup></math> (di-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow></msub></math>), with various isospin-spin configurations <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>I</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mi>J</mi><mi>P</mi></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> in a nonrelativistic quark model. For the di-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math> system, only the single channels <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow><mo>*</mo></msubsup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow><mo>*</mo></msubsup><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow><mo>*</mo></msubsup></math> with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> are capable of forming deuteronlike bound states, with the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>σ</mi></math> meson exchange playing a decisive role. Those states have binding energies of approximately <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>−</mo><mn>1.5</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>MeV</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>−</mo><mn>3.3</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>MeV</mi></math> and sizes of 2.37 fm and 1.87 fm, respectively. The coupled channel effect in the di-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math> system with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> enhances the attraction. As a result, this di-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math> system can establish a deuteronlike configuration, with the binding energy of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>−</mo><mn>7.5</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>MeV</mi></math> relative to the threshold <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow></msub></math> and the size of approximately 1.40 fm. For the di-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow></msub></math> system, the single channels with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mn>3</mn><mo>+</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> can give rise to deuteronlike bound states with binding energies ranging from <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>−</mo><mn>6.1</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>MeV</mi></math> to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>−</mo><mn>14.3</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>MeV</mi></math>. Additionally, the di-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow></msub></math> system with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mn>0</mn><mo>+</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> can also establish deuteronlike bound states with binding energies of around <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>−</mo><mn>0.5</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>MeV</mi></math>. When considering the coupled channel effect in the di-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow></msub></math> system with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>0</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mn>1</mn><mo>+</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, a compact hexaquark state is formed, exhibiting a binding energy of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo>−</mo><mn>21.2</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>MeV</mi></math> relative to the threshold <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow></msub><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow></msub></math> and a size of 0.53 fm. In this state, the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>π</mi></math> meson exchange provides a very powerful attractive force. The meson exchange interactions in the quark model is dispensable in the di-<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow></msub></math> bound states, except for <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow><mo>*</mo></msubsup><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow><mo>*</mo></msubsup></math> with <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msup><mn>0</mn><mo>+</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>.

An-Su Lu

Mao-Jun Yan

Chun-Sheng An

Cheng-Rong Deng

Heavy dibaryons <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msubsup><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mrow><mi>c</mi><mi>c</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msubsup></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msubsup><msubsup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ξ</mi><mrow><mi>b</mi><mi>b</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mo>*</mo><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></msubsup></math>

Constraints on Wilson coefficients (WCs) corresponding to dimension-6 operators of the standard model effective field theory (SMEFT) are determined from a simultaneous fit to seven sets of CMS measurements probing Higgs boson, electroweak vector boson, top quark, and multijet production. Measurements of electroweak precision observables are also included and provide complementary constraints to those from the CMS experiment. The CMS measurements, using LHC proton-proton collision data at $$\sqrt{s}=13\,\text {Te}\text {V} $$ , corresponding to integrated luminosities of 36.3 or 138 $$\,\text {fb}^{-1}$$ , are chosen to provide sensitivity to a broad set of operators, for which consistent SMEFT predictions can be derived. These are primarily measurements of differential cross sections which are parameterized as functions of the WCs. In measurements targeting $${\text {t}} (\bar{\textrm{t}})\text {X} $$ production, SMEFT effects are modelled at the detector level. Individual constraints on 64 WCs, and constraints on 43 linear combinations of WCs, are obtained.

Armenia

V. Chekhovsky

A. Hayrapetyan

V. Makarenko

A. Tumasyan

Austria

W. Adam

J. Andrejkovic

L. Benato

T. Bergauer

K. Damanakis

M. Dragicevic

C. Giordano

P. Hussain

Belgium

M. Jeitler

N. Krammer

A. Li

D. Liko

I. Mikulec

J. Schieck

R. Schöfbeck

D. Schwarz

M. Sonawane

W. Waltenberger

C.E. Wulz

T. Janssen

H. Kwon

T. Laer

P. Mechelen

J. Bierkens

N. Breugelmans

J. D’Hondt

S. Dansana

A. Moor

M. Delcourt

F. Heyen

Y. Hong

S. Lowette

I. Makarenko

D. Müller

S. Tavernier

M. Tytgat

G. Onsem

S. Putte

D. Vannerom

B. Bilin

B. Clerbaux

A. Das

I. Bruyn

G. Lentdecker

H. Evard

L. Favart

P. Gianneios

A. Khalilzadeh

F. Khan

A. Malara

M. Shahzad

L. Thomas

M. Vanden Bemden

C. Vander Velde

P. Vanlaer

F. Zhang

M. Coen

D. Dobur

G. Gokbulut

J. Knolle

L. Lambrecht

D. Marckx

K. Skovpen

N. Bossche

J. Linden

J. Vandenbroeck

L. Wezenbeek

S. Bein

A. Benecke

A. Bethani

G. Bruno

A. Cappati

J. Favereau De Jeneret

C. Delaere

A. Giammanco

A. Guzel

Sa. Jain

V. Lemaitre

J. Lidrych

P. Mastrapasqua

S. Turkcapar

Brazil

G. Alves

E. Coelho

G. Correia Silva

C. Hensel

T. Menezes De Oliveira

C. Mora Herrera

P. Rebello Teles

M. Soeiro

E. Tonelli Manganote

A. Vilela Pereira

W. Aldá Júnior

M. Barroso Ferreira Filho

H. Brandao Malbouisson

W. Carvalho

J. Chinellato

Combined effective field theory interpretation of Higgs boson, electroweak vector boson, top quark, and multijet measurements

In this paper, we study the observable signatures of Lorentz violation (LV) in low-energy Hořava gravity by simulating the images and polarization features of rotating LV black holes using a backward ray-tracing method. Within a thin-disk accretion model and the ZAMO framework, we numerically solve the geodesics equation of photon and simulated the corresponding thin-disk images and polarization patterns. The results show that the LV parameter $$\ell $$ strongly affects the inner shadow, brightness asymmetry, and polarization properties of the thin disk. The decrease of $$\ell $$ leads to a more elliptical and untilted inner shadow, while increasing $$\ell $$ produces a pronounced leftward “D”-shaped structure of critical curve. And, the variation of $$\ell $$ alters the distribution of polarized intensity and polarization direction, especially near the critical curve. More importantly, it also shows that a positive $$\ell $$ enhances the black hole’s angular velocity, while a negative one suppresses it, indicating that the sign of $$\ell $$ determines the trend direction of the LV effect. These findings suggest that future high-resolution EHT observations combining the thin-disk images and polarization patterns could provide valuable tests of the LV effect.

Meng-Die Zhao

Yu-Yan Wang

Ke-Jian He

Guo-Ping Li

Probing observable features of Lorentz violation in low-energy Hořava gravity with accretion disk images of black hole