Using a sample of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>10087</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>44</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>6</mn></msup><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi></math> events collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider, the first evidence for the doubly Okubo-Zweig-Iizuka (OZI)-suppressed decay <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>η</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>ω</mi><mi>ϕ</mi></math> is reported with a significance of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>4.0</mn><mi>σ</mi></mrow></math>. The branching fraction of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>η</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>ω</mi><mi>ϕ</mi></math> is measured to be <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="script">B</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi>η</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>ω</mi><mi>ϕ</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mspace linebreak="goodbreak"></mspace><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3.86</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.92</mn><mo>±</mo><mn>0.62</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>×</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msup></math>, where the first uncertainty is statistical and the second is systematic. This result provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms of charmonium decays, particularly for processes such as <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>η</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>V</mi><mi>V</mi></math> (where <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>V</mi></math> represents a vector meson).

China

M. Ablikim

Russia

M.N. Achasov

Sweden

P. Adlarson

X.C. Ai

Germany

R. Aliberti

Italy

A. Amoroso

Q. An

Y. Bai

JINR

O. Bakina

Y. Ban

H.R. Bao

Poland

V. Batozskaya

Mongolia

K. Begzsuren

N. Berger

M. Berlowski

M. Bertani

D. Bettoni

F. Bianchi

E. Bianco

A. Bortone

I. Boyko

United States

R.A. Briere

A. Brueggemann

H. Cai

M.H. Cai

X. Cai

A. Calcaterra

G.F. Cao

N. Cao

Türkiye

S.A. Cetin

X.Y. Chai

J.F. Chang

G.R. Che

Y.Z. Che

G. Chelkov

C. Chen

C.H. Chen

Chao Chen

G. Chen

H.S. Chen

H.Y. Chen

M.L. Chen

S.J. Chen

S.L. Chen

S.M. Chen

T. Chen

X.R. Chen

X.T. Chen

Y.B. Chen

Y.Q. Chen

Z.J. Chen

Z.K. Chen

South Korea

S.K. Choi

X. Chu

G. Cibinetto

F. Cossio

J.J. Cui

H.L. Dai

J.P. Dai

A. Dbeyssi

R.E. de Boer

D. Dedovich

C.Q. Deng

Z.Y. Deng

A. Denig

I. Denysenko

M. Destefanis

F. De Mori

B. Ding

X.X. Ding

Y. Ding

Y.X. Ding

J. Dong

L.Y. Dong

M.Y. Dong

X. Dong

M.C. Du

S.X. Du

Y.Y. Duan

Z.H. Duan

P. Egorov

G.F. Fan

J.J. Fan

Y.H. Fan

J. Fang

S.S. Fang

W.X. Fang

Y.Q. Fang

R. Farinelli

L. Fava

F. Feldbauer

G. Felici

C.Q. Feng

J.H. Feng

Y.T. Feng

M. Fritsch

C.D. Fu

J.L. Fu

Evidence of doubly OZI-suppressed decay <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>η</mi><mi>c</mi></msub><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>ω</mi><mi>ϕ</mi></math> in the radiative decay <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>J</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>ψ</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>γ</mi><msub><mi>η</mi><mi>c</mi></msub></math>

Motivated by the updated analysis of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>G</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3900</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> by the BESIII Collaboration, we perform a global analysis of the cross sections of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>D</mi><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mrow></mover></mrow></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup><msup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>D</mi><msup><mrow><mover accent="true"><mrow><mi>D</mi></mrow><mrow><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mo>*</mo></mrow></msup><mo>+</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi><mo>.</mo><mi mathvariant="normal">c</mi><mo>.</mo></mrow></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>+</mo></msup><msup><mi>e</mi><mo>−</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><msup><mi>D</mi><mo>*</mo></msup><msup><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover><mo>*</mo></msup></math> processes, especially focusing on the properties of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>G</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3900</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>. As the energy region of interest is limited by the next opening threshold, i.e., the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>D</mi><mn>1</mn></msub><mover accent="true"><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">¯</mo></mover></math> threshold, we focus on the energy region [3.7, 4.25] GeV, where three charmonia <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>ψ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>ψ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3</mn><mi>S</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>ψ</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2</mn><mi>D</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> explicitly contribute to the cross sections. By constructing the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>P</mi></math>-wave contact interaction between the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>D</mi><mo>,</mo><msup><mi>D</mi><mo>*</mo></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> doublet and its antiparticle in the heavy quark limit, we extract the physical scattering amplitude by solving the Lippmann-Schwinger equation. No matter whether three or two charmonium states are included in our framework, we always find a dynamically generated state corresponding to the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>G</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3900</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, which suggests it to be a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>P</mi></math>-wave dynamically generated state. We also predict several dynamically generated states in the corresponding <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mn>1</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mo>+</mo></mrow></msup></math> channel. These states can be further searched for in the electron-positron annihilation process involving the emission of a single photon.

Quanxing Ye

Zhenyu Zhang

Meng-Lin Du

Ulf-G. Meißner

Peng-Yu Niu

Japan

Qian Wang

Resonance parameters of the vector charmoniumlike state <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>G</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3900</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>

We propose new transverse momentum-dependent (TMD) gluon densities in nuclei. Our method is based on a combination of the color dipole scattering formalism, within which we interpret the nuclear deep inelastic structure functions <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>F</mi><mn>2</mn><mi>A</mi></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><msup><mi>Q</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> and well-established property of geometrical scaling from nucleons to nuclei. As an input, we employ the TMD gluon density in a proton that provides a self-consistent simultaneous description of the numerous HERA and LHC data on <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi></math>, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>e</mi><mi>p</mi></math>, and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>γ</mi><mi>p</mi></math> processes. After fitting the relevant phenomenological parameters to the experimental data on the ratios <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msubsup><mi>F</mi><mn>2</mn><mi>A</mi></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><msup><mi>Q</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>/</mo><msubsup><mi>F</mi><mn>2</mn><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>x</mi><mo>,</mo><msup><mi>Q</mi><mn>2</mn></msup><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> for several nuclear targets <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>A</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>A</mi><mo>′</mo></msup></math>, we derive the corresponding nuclear gluon distributions. Then, we make predictions for gluon shadowing effects at small Bjorken <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>x</mi></math> in their dependence of the mass number <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>A</mi></math>. A comparison with other approaches is given.

A.V. Lipatov

G.I. Lykasov

M.A. Malyshev

Gluon shadowing effect in light and heavy nuclei at small <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>x</mi></mrow></math>

The soft photon and soft graviton theorems of Weinberg are known to derive from conservation laws associated with asymptotic symmetries. Within the corresponding classical theories, one often speaks of spontaneous symmetry breaking and vacuum degeneracy, but a genuine quantum description of this phenomenon has largely been lacking. Here we establish spontaneous symmetry breaking of asymptotic symmetries and the existence of Goldstone particles using exclusively the language of quantum field theory. This is made possible through the reformulation of massless scattering theory in terms of Carrollian conformal field theory, and the observation that soft theorems correspond to Ward identities of broken symmetries. A suitable version of Goldstone theorem shows that there must exist zero-momentum particles described by conformal fields on the celestial sphere, in agreement with the common lore. More specifically, these belong to unitary representations in the discrete series of the Lorentz group, and are therefore naturally equipped with logarithmic two-point functions. We discuss the relevance of these observations to the problem of infrared divergences that scattering amplitudes suffer from.

Shreyansh Agrawal

Belgium

Kevin Nguyen

Soft theorems and spontaneous symmetry breaking

The Nambu-Goldstone modes on the exotic chiral condensed phase with chiral and tensor-type quark-antiquark condensates are investigated by using the two-point vertex functions. It is shown that one of the Nambu-Goldstone modes appears as a result of meson mixing. As is well known, another method to find the Nambu-Goldstone modes is given by the use of the algebraic commutation relations between broken generators and massless modes obtained through the spontaneous symmetry breaking. This method is adopted to the cases of the chiral symmetry breakings due to the tensor-type condensate and the inhomogeneous chiral condensate. The result obtained by the use of the meson two-point vertex functions is obviously reproduced in the case of the tensor-type condensate. Furthermore, we investigate the general rules for determining the broken symmetries and the Nambu-Goldstone modes algebraically. As examples, the symmetry breaking pattern and the Nambu-Goldstone modes due to the tensor-type condensate or the inhomogeneous chiral condensate are shown by adopting the general rules developed in this paper in the algebraic method.

Joshua Murakami

Kentaro Hayashi

Yasuhiko Tsue

Investigations of symmetry breakings by multiple condensates in exotic chiral condensed phases

In AdS/CFT holography, two manifestations of the black hole information paradox are given by the nonisometric nature of the bulk-boundary map and by the factorisation puzzle. By considering time-shifted microstates of the eternal black hole, we demonstrate that both puzzles may be simultaneously resolved by taking into account nonlocal quantum corrections that correspond to wormholes arising from state averaging. This is achieved by showing, using a resolvent technique, that the resulting Hilbert space for an eternal black hole is finite-dimensional with a discrete energy spectrum. The latter gives rise to a transition to a type I von Neumann algebra.

Souvik Banerjee

Johanna Erdmenger

Jonathan Karl

Nonlocality induces isometry and factorisation in holography

In this article we consider three inert models, namely the Inert Singlet Model (ISM), Inert Triplet Model (ITM), and Inert Doublet Model (IDM) as beyond Standard Model scenarios, and look into the running of the scalar quartic couplings at one- and two-loop levels. Interestingly, the Landau poles at one-loop and Fixed Points at two-loop have been observed for these scenarios, very similar to the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>ϕ</mi><mn>4</mn></msup></math> theory, which is absent in the Standard Model. The role of Higgs portal couplings in attaining these features has been examined. For inert singlet and triplet models, the portal couplings give rise to terms without any residual phases, enhancing this Fixed Point behavior. In the case of the Inert Doublet Model, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>λ</mi><mrow><mn>4</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>5</mn></mrow></msub></math> terms which have the residual phases, spoil this behavior. Finally, we consider perturbative unitarity constraints to put limits on the scalar quartic couplings for various perturbativity scales in both one- and two-loop. Larger portal couplings, i.e., <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mo>≳</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math>, get strong perturbative bounds as low as <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mn>2</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>3</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></math>. Uncertainties of the Fixed Points, and phenomenological aspects of such scenarios are also briefed.

India

Priyotosh Bandyopadhyay

Pram Milan P. Robin

Fate of the scalar quartic couplings in the inert models

Recently, subdimensional particles including fractons have attracted much attention from various areas. Notable features of such matter phases are mobility constraints and subextensive ground-state degeneracies (GSDs). In this paper, we propose a BF-like theory motivated by the Godbillon-Vey invariant, which is a mathematical invariant of the foliated manifold. Our theory hosts subsystem higher-form symmetries which manifestly ensure the mobility constraint and subextensive GSD through the spontaneous symmetry breaking. We also discuss some lattice spin models which realize the same low-energy behaviors as the BF-like theory. Furthermore, we explore dynamical matter theories which are coupled to the BF-like theory.

Hiromi Ebisu

Masazumi Honda

Taiichi Nakanishi

Soichiro Shimamori

New field theories with foliation structure and subdimensional particles from the Godbillon-Vey invariant

We introduce a nonperturbative approach to calculate the Rényi entropy of a single interval on the torus for single-character (meromorphic) conformal field theories. Our prescription uses the Wrońskian method of Mathur, Mukhi, and Sen [<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(89)90022-9">Nucl. Phys. B312, 15 (1989)</a>], in which we construct differential equations for torus conformal blocks of the twist two-point function. As an illustrative example, we provide a detailed calculation of the second Rényi entropy for the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math> Wess-Zumino-Witten (WZW) model. We find that the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> cyclic orbifold of a meromorphic conformal field theory (CFT) results in a four-character CFT, which realizes the toric code modular tensor category. The <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi><mn>2</mn></msub></math> cyclic orbifold of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math> WZW model, however, yields a three-character CFT since two of the characters coincide. We then compute the torus conformal blocks and find that the twist two-point function, and therefore the Rényi entropy, is two-periodic along each cycle of the torus. The second Rényi entropy for a single interval of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">E</mi></mrow><mrow><mn>8</mn><mo>,</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msub></mrow></math> WZW model has the universal logarithmic divergent behavior in the decompactification limit of the torus, as expected as well as the interval approaches the size of the cycle of the torus. Furthermore, we see that the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>q</mi></math>-expansion is UV finite, apart from the leading universal logarithmic divergence. We also find that there is a divergence as the size of the entangling interval approaches the cycle of the torus, suggesting that gluing two tori along an interval the size of a cycle is a singular limit.

Iceland

Luis Alberto León Andonayre

Rahul Poddar

Rényi entropy of single-character CFTs on the torus

Following up on our earlier study [J. Bardhan et al., <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.107.115001">Phys. Rev. D 107, 115001 (2023)</a>], we investigate the LHC prospects of pair-produced vectorlike <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow></math> quarks decaying exotically to a new gauge-singlet (pseudo)scalar field <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi></math> and a <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>b</mi></math> quark. After the electroweak symmetry breaking, the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi></math> decays predominantly to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>g</mi><mi>g</mi><mo>/</mo><mi>b</mi><mi>b</mi></math> final states, leading to a fully hadronic <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>2</mn><mi>b</mi><mo>+</mo><mn>4</mn><mi>j</mi></math> or <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>6</mn><mi>b</mi></math> signature. Because of the large Standard Model background and the lack of leptonic handles, it is a difficult channel to probe. To overcome the challenge, we employ a hybrid deep learning model containing a graph neural network followed by a deep neural network. We estimate that such a state-of-the-art deep learning analysis pipeline can lead to a performance comparable to that in the semileptonic mode, taking the discovery (exclusion) reach up to about <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow></msub><mo>=</mo><mn>1.8</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2.4</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>TeV</mi></mrow></math> at HL-LHC when <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>B</mi></math> decays fully exotically, i.e., <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>BR</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>B</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>b</mi><mi mathvariant="normal">Φ</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></math>.

Jai Bardhan

Tanumoy Mandal

Subhadip Mitra

Cyrin Neeraj

Mihir Rawat

Tagging fully hadronic exotic decays of the vectorlike <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>B</mi></mrow></math> quark using a graph neural network