<p>In light of current constraints from supersymmetry (SUSY) searches within the LHC as well as findings from direct dark matter detection experiments such as LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ), we revisit the three-family Pati-Salam model derived from intersecting D6-branes in type IIA string theory compactified on the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi>T</mi><mn>6</mn></msup><mo>/</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo>×</mo><msub><mi mathvariant="double-struck">Z</mi><mn>2</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> orientifold, known for its realistic low-energy phenomenology. Because the muon anomalous magnetic moment might be in accordance with the Standard Model prediction, we conduct a comprehensive scan over the model’s parameter space for each sign of the Higgsino mass parameter, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>μ</mi><mo>&lt;</mo><mn>0</mn></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>μ</mi><mo>&gt;</mo><mn>0</mn></math>. We found that a gravitino mass is typically greater than 1.5 TeV in both scenarios while simultaneously satisfying the LHC SUSY bounds, B-physics observables, along with the Higgs mass constraint. Within the experimentally viable region of the parameter space, the mass spectra of sparticles are found to fall within the following ranges: Gluinos lie in the range of 2–18 TeV, the first- and second-generation squarks and sleptons span 3–16 TeV and 1–6 TeV, respectively. For third-generation sfermions, the lightest stop, which can satisfy the dark matter relic density through neutralino-stop coannihilation consistent with the Planck <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>5</mn><mi>σ</mi></mrow></math> bounds, has a mass in the range of 0.5–1.2 TeV. Note that the lightest neutralino will be as heavy as 2.9 TeV. Additionally, the lightest stau could be as light as 200 GeV, as well as heavy up to 5.2 TeV. We further identify several viable mechanisms, including multiple coannihilation channels and resonance mechanisms, and the observed dark matter relic abundance is successfully realized.</p>

China

Imtiaz Khan

Ali Muhammad

Tianjun Li

Pakistan

Shabbar Raza

Revisiting the realistic intersecting D6-brane model with positive and negative <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow></math> terms

We investigate the Higgs/Z poles solutions for the Higgsino mass parameter, <math altimg='si3.svg'><mrow><mi>&#956;</mi><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>&gt;</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math> and <math altimg='si4.svg'><mrow><mi>&#956;</mi><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>&lt;</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math> scenarios. In the framework of Generalized Minimal Supergravity (GmSUGRA), we consider the constraints from Higgs measurements, B-physics observables, LEP limits, and the <italic>Planck</italic> 2018 relic density bounds, together with the results from direct detection dark matter experiments, including <small-caps>PandaX-4T</small-caps>, <small-caps>XENON-1T</small-caps>, <small-caps>PICO-60</small-caps>, and LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ). Our study indicates that the latest experimental constraints from the LHC and LZ Collaborations exclude the light Higgsinos in the Z and H pole regions for the <math altimg='si3.svg'><mrow><mi>&#956;</mi><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>&gt;</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math> case. Interestingly, for the <math altimg='si4.svg'><mrow><mi>&#956;</mi><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>&lt;</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math> case, a very light Higgsinos can still be consistent with the current constraints from the electroweakino searches and LZ experiment in the <math altimg='si41.svg'><mi>Z</mi></math> and <math altimg='si42.svg'><mi>H</mi></math> poles. Consequently, the <math altimg='si4.svg'><mrow><mi>&#956;</mi><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>&lt;</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math> case appears more promising and thus requires the dedicated efforts to make definitive conclusions about their current status from the experimental Collaborations. In this framework, our findings indicate a deviation of up to <math altimg='si8.svg'><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>&#963;</mi></mrow></math> from the central value of <math altimg='si43.svg'><mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mi>&#956;</mi></msub><mo>&#8801;</mo><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>g</mi><mo>&#8722;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mi>&#956;</mi></msub><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math>, resonating with the experimental results reported by CMD and BDM.

Waqas Ahmed

The light neutralino dark matter in the generalized minimal supergravity (GmSUGRA)

In this study, we revisit supersymmetric (SUSY) hybrid inflation within the context of considering the latest Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) observations and swampland conjectures. We demonstrate that SUSY hybrid inflation remains consistent with Planck 2018 data when radiative, soft mass, and supergravity (SUGRA) corrections are applied to the scalar potential. It is commonly perceived that SUSY hybrid inflation with a minimal Kähler potential results in a gauge symmetry breaking scale M of   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $   GeV, leading to issues with the proton decay rate. In our analysis, we introduce a novel parameter space that alleviates the proton decay issue by achieving   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $   GeV with   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $   and   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $  . This scenario necessitates a soft SUSY breaking scale   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $   GeV. Further, we find that the tensor-to-scalar ratio r spans from   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $   to   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $  , indicating a very small value. This small ratio allows the modified swampland criteria to hold, although satisfying the trans-Planckian censorship conjecture (TCC) remains challenging. To address this, we also explo non-minimal Kähler potentials. By fixing the spectral index at   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $  , consistent with the central value of Planck 2018 data, and setting   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $  GeV, we present our calculations. We show that the canonical measure of primordial gravitational waves, r, for   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $   1 TeV,   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $   1 TeV, and   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $   for   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $  1 and   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $  2, ranges from   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $   to   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $  , rendering it detectable by Planck and upcoming experiments such as LiteBIRD, Simons Observatory, PRISM, PIXIE, CORE, CMB-S4, and CMB-HD. Additionally, we outline the parametric space and provide benchmark points for the non-minimal case to ensure compatibility with both the modified swampland conjecture and TCC.

Supersymmetric hybrid inflation in light of CMB experiments and swampland conjectures

The axino, the supersymmetric partner of the axion, is a well-motivated warm/hot dark/cold matter candidate and provides a natural solution to the relic density problem for the binolike neutralino if it is the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). With the generalized minimal supergravity, we study such kind of the viable parameter space where the binolike neutralino is the next-to-LSP (NLSP) and the axino is the LSP. In addition, we consider a scenario where the bino is a long-lived NLSP with the lifetime varying from <math><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup></math> to <math><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>s</mi></math> and then propose a new signal searching scheme involving one displaced photon together with the large missing transverse momentum at the HL-LHC. The binolike lightest neutralino lies under or around 100 GeV and is produced as a decay product of the right-handed sleptons. The relevant axion coupling <math><msub><mi>f</mi><mi>a</mi></msub></math> can be probed up to <math><mi>O</mi><mo>(</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>9</mn></msup><mo>)</mo><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></math> at <math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>σ</mi></mrow></math> level for the right-handed slepton mass under 800 GeV.

Wenxing Zhang

Investigating generalized minimal supergravity in the MSSM through the long-lived bino NLSP at the HL-LHC

We study the light right-handed slepton bulk regions for dark matter from the generalized minimal supergravity (GmSUGRA) in the minimal supersymmetric Standard Model. In our comprehensive numerical studies, we show that <math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>˜</mo></mrow></mover></mrow></msub><mo>≳</mo><mn>10</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></math> is a conservative criterion to formulate bulk region, where <math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>˜</mo></mrow></mover></mrow></msub><mo>≡</mo><mo>(</mo><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>˜</mo></mrow></mover></mrow></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>χ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>˜</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msubsup></mrow></msub></mrow><mo>)</mo><mo>/</mo><msub><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>χ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>˜</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msubsup></mrow></msub></mrow></math>. For right-handed stau as the next-to-the-lightest supersymmetric particle (NLSP), we find a large viable parameter space, consistent with the current LHC constraints, Planck2018 dark matter relic density bounds, and direct bounds on neutralino-nucleons scattering cross section that naturally supports the right-handed stau bulk regions for dark matter. In particular, the upper bounds on the masses of the lightest supersymmetric particle neutralino and right-handed stau are about 120.4 and 138 GeV, respectively. This bulk region may be beyond the current LHC reach and could be probed at LUX-ZEPLIN, a next-generation dark matter direct-detection experiment, the Future Circular Collider at CERN, and the Circular Electron Positron Collider. However, the scenario with the right-handed selectron as the NLSP is excluded by the LHC supersymmetry searches.

Right-handed slepton bulk regions for dark matter in a generalized minimal supergravity

We revisit the bottom and <math><mi>τ</mi></math> Yukawa coupling unification in the supersymmetric 4-2-2 model and present for the first time the sbottom-neutralino coannihilation scenario consistent with the bottom and <math><mi>τ</mi></math> Yukawa coupling unification. In addition, we present gluino-neutralino, stop-neutralino, stau-neutralino, chargino-neutralino, and A-resonance scenario and show that all such solutions are consistent with existing experimental collider constraints, Planck 2018 dark matter relic density bounds as well as direct and indirect bounds on neutralino-nucleons scattering cross sections. It is shown that in the sbottom-neutralino coannihilation scenario, the sbottom mass is between 1.2 to 3.5 TeV, whereas in the case of gluino-neutralino, stop-neutralino, the gluino mass can be between 1 to 3 TeV and the stop mass in the range of 1 to 3.5 TeV. Moreover, in the case of a coannihilation scenario, the stau and chargino masses can be as heavy as 3.5 TeV, while the A-resonance solutions are in the range of 0.5 to 3.5 TeV. We anticipate that some part of the parameter space will be accessible in the supersymmetry searches at LHC run 3 and beyond.

United Arab Emirates

Mohamed Belfkir

Italy

Salah Nasri

United States

Umer Zubair

LHC run 3, <math><mrow><mi>b</mi><mtext>−</mtext><mi>τ</mi></mrow></math> Yukawa unification, and dark matter implications in a SUSY 4-2-2 model

With the grand desert hypothesis, we have proposed to probe the supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) at the future proton–proton (pp) colliders and Hyper-Kamiokande experiment previously. In this paper, we study the supersymmetric GUTs with gravity mediated supersymmetry breaking in details. First, considering the dimension-six proton decay via heavy gauge boson exchange, we point out that we can probe the supersymmetric GUTs with GUT scale  $$M_{GUT}$$  <math> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow> <mi>GUT</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math>   up to  $$1.778\times 10^{16}$$  <math> <mrow> <mn>1.778</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>16</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math>   GeV at the Hyper-Kamiokande experiment. Second, for the supersymmetric GUTs with  $$M_{GUT} \ge 1.0\times 10^{16}$$  <math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow> <mi>GUT</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1.0</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>16</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math>   GeV and  $$M_{GUT} \ge 1.2\times 10^{16}$$  <math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow> <mi>GUT</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1.2</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>16</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math>   GeV, we show that the upper bounds on the universal gaugino mass are 7.2 TeV and 3.5 TeV, respectively, and thus the corresponding upper bounds on gluino mass are 15 TeV and 8 TeV, respectively. Also, we shall study the masses for charginos, neutralinos, squarks, sleptons, and Higgs particles in details. In particular, the supersymmetric GUTs with  $$M_{GUT} \le 1.2\times 10^{16}$$  <math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow> <mi>GUT</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>1.2</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>16</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math>   GeV can be probed at the Hyper-Kamiokande experiment, and the supersymmetric GUTs with  $$M_{GUT}\ge 1.2\times 10^{16}$$  <math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow> <mi>GUT</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1.2</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>16</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math>   GeV can be probed at the future 100 TeV pp collider experiments such as the  $$\textrm{FCC}_\textrm{hh}$$  <math> <msub> <mtext>FCC</mtext> <mtext>hh</mtext> </msub> </math>   and SppC via gluino searches. Thus, the supersymmetric GUTs with gravity mediation can be probed by the  $$\textrm{FCC}_\textrm{hh}$$  <math> <msub> <mtext>FCC</mtext> <mtext>hh</mtext> </msub> </math>  , SppC, and Hyper-Kamiokande experiments. In our previous study, we have shown that the supersymmetric GUTs with anomaly and gauge mediated supersymmetry breakings are well within the reaches of these experiments. Therefore, our proposal provides the concrete scientific goal for the  $$\textrm{FCC}_\textrm{hh}$$  <math> <msub> <mtext>FCC</mtext> <mtext>hh</mtext> </msub> </math>  , SppC, and Hyper-Kamiokande experiments: probing the supersymmetric GUTs.

Probing the supersymmetric grand unified theories with gravity mediation at the future proton–proton colliders and hyper-Kamiokande experiment

We employ the low energy Minimal Supersymmetric Standard Model (MSSM) to explore the parameter space associated with Z-pole and Higgs-pole solutions. Such parameter spaces can not only saturate the cold dark matter relic density bound within 5σ set by the Planck 2018, but also satisfy the other standard collider mass bounds and B-physics bounds. In particular, we show that the right-handed selectron can be light. Thus, we propose a search for the relatively heavier right-handed selectron at the future lepton colliders with the center-of-mass energy <math><msqrt><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>240</mn></math> GeV and integrated luminosity 3000 <math><mi>f</mi><msup><mrow><mi>b</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math> via the mono-photon channel: <math><msubsup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo></mrow></msubsup><msubsup><mrow><mi>e</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo></mrow></msubsup><mo>→</mo><msubsup><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>χ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>˜</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>(</mo><mi>b</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>o</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><msubsup><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>χ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>˜</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msubsup><mo>(</mo><mi>b</mi><mi>i</mi><mi>n</mi><mi>o</mi><mo>)</mo><mo>+</mo><mi>γ</mi></math>. We show that for the Z-pole case the right-handed selectron will be excluded up to 180 GeV and 210 GeV respectively at 3σ and 2σ, while the right-handed selectron will be excluded up to 140 GeV and 180 GeV respectively at 3σ and 2σ in case of Higgs-pole.

Probing relatively heavier right-handed selectron at the CEPC, FCC and ILC

The Fermi-Lab Collaboration has announced the results for the measurement of muon anomalous magnetic moment. Combining with the previous results by the BNL experiment, we have 4.2σ deviation from the Standard Model (SM), which strongly implies the new physics around 1 TeV. To explain the muon anomalous magnetic moment naturally, we analyze the corresponding five Feynman diagrams in the supersymmetry SMs (SSMs), and show that the Electroweak Supersymmetry (EWSUSY) is definitely needed. We realize the EWSUSY in the Minimal SSM (MSSM) with Generalized Minimal Supergravity (GmSUGRA). With the Feynman diagram inspired focus scan and general scan, we find large viable parameter space, which is consistent with all the current experimental constraints. In particular, the Lightest Supersymmetric Particle (LSP) neutralino can be at least as heavy as 550 GeV. Most of the viable parameter space can be probed at the future HL-LHC, while we do need the future HE-LHC to probe some viable parameter space. However, it might still be challenge if R-parity is violated.

Jinmian Li

The natural explanation of the muon anomalous magnetic moment via the electroweak supersymmetry from the GmSUGRA in the MSSM

Gauge coupling unification in the Supersymmetric Standard Models strongly implies the Grand Unified Theories (GUTs). With the grand desert hypothesis, we show that the supersymmetric GUTs can be probed at the future proton-proton (pp) colliders and Hyper-Kamiokande experiment. For the GUTs with the GUT scale <math><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>U</mi><mi>T</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≤</mo><mn>1.0</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>16</mn></mrow></msup></math> GeV, we can probe the dimension-six proton decay via heavy gauge boson exchange at the Hyper-Kamiokande experiment. Moreover, for the GUTs with <math><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>G</mi><mi>U</mi><mi>T</mi></mrow></msub><mo>≥</mo><mn>1.0</mn><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>16</mn></mrow></msup></math> GeV, we study the upper bounds on the gaugino and sfermion masses. We show that the GUTs with anomaly and gauge mediated supersymmetry breakings are well within the reaches of the future 100 TeV pp colliders such as the <math><msub><mrow><mi>FCC</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>hh</mi></mrow></msub></math> and SppC, and the supersymmetric GUTs with gravity mediated supersymmetry breaking can be probed at the future 160 TeV pp collider.