We investigate the Higgs/Z poles solutions for the Higgsino mass parameter, <math altimg='si3.svg'><mrow><mi>&#956;</mi><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>&gt;</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math> and <math altimg='si4.svg'><mrow><mi>&#956;</mi><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>&lt;</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math> scenarios. In the framework of Generalized Minimal Supergravity (GmSUGRA), we consider the constraints from Higgs measurements, B-physics observables, LEP limits, and the <italic>Planck</italic> 2018 relic density bounds, together with the results from direct detection dark matter experiments, including <small-caps>PandaX-4T</small-caps>, <small-caps>XENON-1T</small-caps>, <small-caps>PICO-60</small-caps>, and LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ). Our study indicates that the latest experimental constraints from the LHC and LZ Collaborations exclude the light Higgsinos in the Z and H pole regions for the <math altimg='si3.svg'><mrow><mi>&#956;</mi><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>&gt;</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math> case. Interestingly, for the <math altimg='si4.svg'><mrow><mi>&#956;</mi><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>&lt;</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math> case, a very light Higgsinos can still be consistent with the current constraints from the electroweakino searches and LZ experiment in the <math altimg='si41.svg'><mi>Z</mi></math> and <math altimg='si42.svg'><mi>H</mi></math> poles. Consequently, the <math altimg='si4.svg'><mrow><mi>&#956;</mi><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>&lt;</mo><mn>0</mn></mrow></math> case appears more promising and thus requires the dedicated efforts to make definitive conclusions about their current status from the experimental Collaborations. In this framework, our findings indicate a deviation of up to <math altimg='si8.svg'><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>&#963;</mi></mrow></math> from the central value of <math altimg='si43.svg'><mrow><msub><mi>a</mi><mi>&#956;</mi></msub><mo>&#8801;</mo><msub><mrow><mo>(</mo><mi>g</mi><mo>&#8722;</mo><mn>2</mn><mo>)</mo></mrow><mi>&#956;</mi></msub><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>/</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math>, resonating with the experimental results reported by CMD and BDM.

China

Imtiaz Khan

Waqas Ahmed

Tianjun Li

Pakistan

Shabbar Raza

Ali Muhammad

The light neutralino dark matter in the generalized minimal supergravity (GmSUGRA)

In this study, we revisit supersymmetric (SUSY) hybrid inflation within the context of considering the latest Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) observations and swampland conjectures. We demonstrate that SUSY hybrid inflation remains consistent with Planck 2018 data when radiative, soft mass, and supergravity (SUGRA) corrections are applied to the scalar potential. It is commonly perceived that SUSY hybrid inflation with a minimal Kähler potential results in a gauge symmetry breaking scale M of   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $   GeV, leading to issues with the proton decay rate. In our analysis, we introduce a novel parameter space that alleviates the proton decay issue by achieving   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $   GeV with   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $   and   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $  . This scenario necessitates a soft SUSY breaking scale   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $   GeV. Further, we find that the tensor-to-scalar ratio r spans from   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $   to   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $  , indicating a very small value. This small ratio allows the modified swampland criteria to hold, although satisfying the trans-Planckian censorship conjecture (TCC) remains challenging. To address this, we also explo non-minimal Kähler potentials. By fixing the spectral index at   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $  , consistent with the central value of Planck 2018 data, and setting   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $  GeV, we present our calculations. We show that the canonical measure of primordial gravitational waves, r, for   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $   1 TeV,   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $   1 TeV, and   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $   for   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $  1 and   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $  2, ranges from   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $   to   $ {\cal O}(10^{15}) $  , rendering it detectable by Planck and upcoming experiments such as LiteBIRD, Simons Observatory, PRISM, PIXIE, CORE, CMB-S4, and CMB-HD. Additionally, we outline the parametric space and provide benchmark points for the non-minimal case to ensure compatibility with both the modified swampland conjecture and TCC.

Supersymmetric hybrid inflation in light of CMB experiments and swampland conjectures

The axino, the supersymmetric partner of the axion, is a well-motivated warm/hot dark/cold matter candidate and provides a natural solution to the relic density problem for the binolike neutralino if it is the lightest supersymmetric particle (LSP). With the generalized minimal supergravity, we study such kind of the viable parameter space where the binolike neutralino is the next-to-LSP (NLSP) and the axino is the LSP. In addition, we consider a scenario where the bino is a long-lived NLSP with the lifetime varying from <math><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>6</mn></mrow></msup></math> to <math><msup><mn>10</mn><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>4</mn></mrow></msup><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>s</mi></math> and then propose a new signal searching scheme involving one displaced photon together with the large missing transverse momentum at the HL-LHC. The binolike lightest neutralino lies under or around 100 GeV and is produced as a decay product of the right-handed sleptons. The relevant axion coupling <math><msub><mi>f</mi><mi>a</mi></msub></math> can be probed up to <math><mi>O</mi><mo>(</mo><msup><mn>10</mn><mn>9</mn></msup><mo>)</mo><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>GeV</mi></math> at <math><mrow><mn>2</mn><mi>σ</mi></mrow></math> level for the right-handed slepton mass under 800 GeV.

Wenxing Zhang

Investigating generalized minimal supergravity in the MSSM through the long-lived bino NLSP at the HL-LHC

We study the cosmological implications of an effective field theory model derived within a configuration of D7 brane stacks in the framework of type-IIB string theory. We consider a suitable geometric setup where the Kähler moduli fields are stabilized and the parametric space is constrained so that a de Sitter vacuum is ensured. In addition to the moduli fields we also take into account the usual Higgs and matter fields included in the effective field theory. In this background, we implement the standard hybrid inflation scenario with a singlet scalar field acting as the inflaton and the Higgs states serving as waterfall fields. Radiative corrections and soft supersymmetry breaking terms play an essential role in the realization of a successful inflationary scenario consistent with the present cosmological data. Small tensor-to-scalar ratio values are predicted, which can be probed in future planned experiments. Further constraints on the model’s parameters are derived from bounds on dark radiation which is measured as a contribution to the effective number of neutrino species N eff. In particular, we find an excess of ∆N eff ≤ 0.95 at 2σ confidence level with natural values of the involved couplings.

Greece

Athanasios Karozas

George Leontaris

Ilias Tavellaris

Hybrid inflation, reheating and dark radiation in a IIB perturbative moduli stabilization scenario

We study the light right-handed slepton bulk regions for dark matter from the generalized minimal supergravity (GmSUGRA) in the minimal supersymmetric Standard Model. In our comprehensive numerical studies, we show that <math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>˜</mo></mrow></mover></mrow></msub><mo>≳</mo><mn>10</mn><mo>%</mo></mrow></math> is a conservative criterion to formulate bulk region, where <math><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>R</mi></mrow><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>˜</mo></mrow></mover></mrow></msub><mo>≡</mo><mo>(</mo><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>ϕ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>˜</mo></mrow></mover></mrow></msub><mo>−</mo><msub><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>χ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>˜</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msubsup></mrow></msub></mrow><mo>)</mo><mo>/</mo><msub><mrow><mi>m</mi></mrow><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mover><mrow><mi>χ</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>˜</mo></mrow></mover></mrow><mrow><mn>1</mn></mrow><mrow><mn>0</mn></mrow></msubsup></mrow></msub></mrow></math>. For right-handed stau as the next-to-the-lightest supersymmetric particle (NLSP), we find a large viable parameter space, consistent with the current LHC constraints, Planck2018 dark matter relic density bounds, and direct bounds on neutralino-nucleons scattering cross section that naturally supports the right-handed stau bulk regions for dark matter. In particular, the upper bounds on the masses of the lightest supersymmetric particle neutralino and right-handed stau are about 120.4 and 138 GeV, respectively. This bulk region may be beyond the current LHC reach and could be probed at LUX-ZEPLIN, a next-generation dark matter direct-detection experiment, the Future Circular Collider at CERN, and the Circular Electron Positron Collider. However, the scenario with the right-handed selectron as the NLSP is excluded by the LHC supersymmetry searches.

Right-handed slepton bulk regions for dark matter in a generalized minimal supergravity

A series of pulsar timing arrays (PTAs) recently observed gravitational waves at the nanohertz frequencies. Motivated by this remarkable result, we present a novel class of Pati-Salam models that give rise to a network of metastable cosmic strings, offering a plausible explanation for the observed PTA data. Additionally, we introduce a hybrid inflationary scenario to eliminate magnetic monopoles that arise during the subsequent phase transitions from the Pati-Salam symmetry to the Standard Model gauge group. The resulting scalar spectral index is compatible with Planck data, and the tensor-to-scalar ratio is anticipated to be extremely small. Moreover, we incorporate a nonthermal leptogenesis to generate the required baryon asymmetry in our framework. Finally, the gravitational wave spectra generated by the metastable cosmic strings not only correspond to signals observed in recent PTAs, including NANOGrav, but are also within the exploration capacity of both present and future ground- and space-based experiments.

Italy

Bangladesh

United States

Talal Ahmed Chowdhury

United Arab Emirates

Salah Nasri

Switzerland

Shaikh Saad

Gravitational waves from metastable cosmic strings in the Pati-Salam model in light of new pulsar timing array data

We revisit the bottom and <math><mi>τ</mi></math> Yukawa coupling unification in the supersymmetric 4-2-2 model and present for the first time the sbottom-neutralino coannihilation scenario consistent with the bottom and <math><mi>τ</mi></math> Yukawa coupling unification. In addition, we present gluino-neutralino, stop-neutralino, stau-neutralino, chargino-neutralino, and A-resonance scenario and show that all such solutions are consistent with existing experimental collider constraints, Planck 2018 dark matter relic density bounds as well as direct and indirect bounds on neutralino-nucleons scattering cross sections. It is shown that in the sbottom-neutralino coannihilation scenario, the sbottom mass is between 1.2 to 3.5 TeV, whereas in the case of gluino-neutralino, stop-neutralino, the gluino mass can be between 1 to 3 TeV and the stop mass in the range of 1 to 3.5 TeV. Moreover, in the case of a coannihilation scenario, the stau and chargino masses can be as heavy as 3.5 TeV, while the A-resonance solutions are in the range of 0.5 to 3.5 TeV. We anticipate that some part of the parameter space will be accessible in the supersymmetry searches at LHC run 3 and beyond.

Mohamed Belfkir

Umer Zubair

LHC run 3, <math><mrow><mi>b</mi><mtext>−</mtext><mi>τ</mi></mrow></math> Yukawa unification, and dark matter implications in a SUSY 4-2-2 model

We analyse the shifted hybrid inflation in a no-scale supersymmetric SU(5) GUT model which naturally circumvents the monopole problem. The no-scale framework is derivable as the effective field theory of the supersymmetric (SUSY) compactifications of string theory, and yields a flat potential with no anti-de Sitter vacua, resolving the η problem. The model predicts a scalar spectral tilt n  s  compatible with the most recent measurements by the Planck satellite, while also accommodating large values of the tensor-to-scalar ratio r (~ 0.0015), potentially measurable by the near-future experiments. Moreover, the proton decay lifetime in the presence of the dimension-5 operators is found to lie above the current limit imposed by the Super-Kamiokande experiment. A realistic scenario of reheating and non-thermal leptogenesis is employed, wherein the reheating temperature T  r  lies in the (2 × 106 ≲ T  r  ≲ 2 × 109) GeV range, and at the same time realizing gravitino as a viable dark matter (DM) candidate.

Muhammad Moosa

Rwanda

Shoaib Munir

Observable r, gravitino dark matter, and non-thermal leptogenesis in no-scale supergravity

With the grand desert hypothesis, we have proposed to probe the supersymmetric Grand Unified Theories (GUTs) at the future proton–proton (pp) colliders and Hyper-Kamiokande experiment previously. In this paper, we study the supersymmetric GUTs with gravity mediated supersymmetry breaking in details. First, considering the dimension-six proton decay via heavy gauge boson exchange, we point out that we can probe the supersymmetric GUTs with GUT scale  $$M_{GUT}$$  <math> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow> <mi>GUT</mi> </mrow> </msub> </math>   up to  $$1.778\times 10^{16}$$  <math> <mrow> <mn>1.778</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>16</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math>   GeV at the Hyper-Kamiokande experiment. Second, for the supersymmetric GUTs with  $$M_{GUT} \ge 1.0\times 10^{16}$$  <math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow> <mi>GUT</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1.0</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>16</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math>   GeV and  $$M_{GUT} \ge 1.2\times 10^{16}$$  <math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow> <mi>GUT</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1.2</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>16</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math>   GeV, we show that the upper bounds on the universal gaugino mass are 7.2 TeV and 3.5 TeV, respectively, and thus the corresponding upper bounds on gluino mass are 15 TeV and 8 TeV, respectively. Also, we shall study the masses for charginos, neutralinos, squarks, sleptons, and Higgs particles in details. In particular, the supersymmetric GUTs with  $$M_{GUT} \le 1.2\times 10^{16}$$  <math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow> <mi>GUT</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>≤</mo> <mn>1.2</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>16</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math>   GeV can be probed at the Hyper-Kamiokande experiment, and the supersymmetric GUTs with  $$M_{GUT}\ge 1.2\times 10^{16}$$  <math> <mrow> <msub> <mi>M</mi> <mrow> <mi>GUT</mi> </mrow> </msub> <mo>≥</mo> <mn>1.2</mn> <mo>×</mo> <msup> <mn>10</mn> <mn>16</mn> </msup> </mrow> </math>   GeV can be probed at the future 100 TeV pp collider experiments such as the  $$\textrm{FCC}_\textrm{hh}$$  <math> <msub> <mtext>FCC</mtext> <mtext>hh</mtext> </msub> </math>   and SppC via gluino searches. Thus, the supersymmetric GUTs with gravity mediation can be probed by the  $$\textrm{FCC}_\textrm{hh}$$  <math> <msub> <mtext>FCC</mtext> <mtext>hh</mtext> </msub> </math>  , SppC, and Hyper-Kamiokande experiments. In our previous study, we have shown that the supersymmetric GUTs with anomaly and gauge mediated supersymmetry breakings are well within the reaches of these experiments. Therefore, our proposal provides the concrete scientific goal for the  $$\textrm{FCC}_\textrm{hh}$$  <math> <msub> <mtext>FCC</mtext> <mtext>hh</mtext> </msub> </math>  , SppC, and Hyper-Kamiokande experiments: probing the supersymmetric GUTs.

Probing the supersymmetric grand unified theories with gravity mediation at the future proton–proton colliders and hyper-Kamiokande experiment

We study the formation of primordial black hole (PBH) dark matter and the generation of scalar induced secondary gravitational waves (SIGWs) in a non-supersymmetric model of hybrid inflation with chaotic (polynomial-like) potential, including one-loop radiative corrections. A radiatively corrected version of these models is entirely consistent with Planck's data. By adding non-canonical kinetic energy term in the lagrangian, the inflation experiences a period of ultra-slow-roll, and the amplitude of primordial power spectrum is enhanced to <math><mi>O</mi><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo></math>. The enhanced power spectra of primordial curvature perturbations can have both sharp and broad peaks. A wide mass range of PBHs is realized in our model with the frequencies of scalar induced gravitational waves ranged from nHz to kHz. We present several benchmark points where the PBH mass generated during inflation is around <math><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>)</mo><mspace width="0.2em"></mspace><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>⊙</mo></mrow></msub></math>, <math><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>9</mn></mrow></msup><mo>−</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>7</mn></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo><mspace width="0.2em"></mspace><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>⊙</mo></mrow></msub></math> and <math><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>16</mn></mrow></msup><mo>−</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>11</mn></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo><mspace width="0.2em"></mspace><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>⊙</mo></mrow></msub></math>. The PBHs can make up most of the dark matter with masses around <math><mo>(</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>16</mn></mrow></msup><mo>−</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>11</mn></mrow></msup><mo>)</mo><mspace width="0.2em"></mspace><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>⊙</mo></mrow></msub></math> and <math><mo>(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo>−</mo><mn>100</mn><mo>)</mo><mspace width="0.2em"></mspace><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mo>⊙</mo></mrow></msub></math>, and their associated SIGWs can be probed by the upcoming ground and space-based gravitational wave (GW) observatories. The evidence of stochastic process recently reported by NANOGrav may be interpreted as SIGWs associated with the formation of PBHs. These SIGWs may also be tested by future interferometer-type GW observations of SKA, DECIGO, LISA, BBO, TaiJi, TianQin, CE and ET.