Information entropy can be used for investigating the critical fluctuation phenomenon by describing multiplicity fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions. In this study, a multiphase transport (AMPT) model in the default version (AMPT-DEF) and with the string melting (AMPT-SM) were used as event generators to simulate the Au+Au reaction at different incident energies. Owing to the influence of the distribution bin number in extracting its information entropy, two methods, i.e., data binning and weighting factors, were proposed to correct the information entropy analysis. The comparison between information entropy and kurtosis also reflects the necessity to correct the information entropy analysis. The corrected information entropy of net-proton multiplicity was analyzed in central Au+Au collisions at <math><msqrt><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msqrt><mo>=</mo></math> 4.7, 6.4, 7.7, 8.8, 11.5, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 110, 140, 170, and 200 GeV with the impact parameter <math><mi>b</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>3</mn></math> fm. The results indicated that the fluctuations of net-proton multiplicity were essentially identical at collision energies ranging from <math><msqrt><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msqrt><mo>=</mo></math> 4.7 GeV to <math><msqrt><mrow><msub><mrow><mi>s</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>N</mi><mi>N</mi></mrow></msub></mrow></msqrt><mo>=</mo></math> 200 GeV in the same model. No critical fluctuation phenomenon was found in the central Au+Au collisions simulated using the AMPT models, similar to the case of the AMPT model, which does not have. Comparing the information entropy of AMPT-SM to AMPT-DEF, the effect of partonic phase leads to a bigger fluctuation, indicating that the corrected information entropy can be a useful probe to explore the phase transition. The mid-rapidity net-proton multiplicity information entropy was also calculated, and the results led to the same conclusion. The corrected information entropy may be useful for investigating critical fluctuations, which is important for exploring critical endpoint.

China

Jie Pu

Yong-Bo Yu

Kai-Xuan Cheng

Yu-Ting Wang

Ya-Fei Guo

Chun-Wang Ma

Exploring critical fluctuation phenomenon according to net-proton multiplicity information entropy in AMPT model

Based on the relativistic transport model ART with the hadronic equation of state extended to have a phase transition via the use of the MIT bag model, properties of phase transition of dense nuclear matter formed in relativistic heavy-ion collisions are investigated. Proton sideward and directed flows are calculated with different equation of states in Au + Au collisions at beam energies of 2, 4, 6 and 8 GeV/nucleon. Compared with AGS experimental data in existence, the boundary of first-order phase transition is roughly confined, i.e., in the range of 2.5-4 times saturation density with temperature about 64-94 MeV. Such constraints are useful for ongoing RHIC Beam Energy Scan-II program to study the QCD matter phase diagram.

Gao-Chan Yong

Probing the boundary of phase transition of nuclear matter using proton flows in heavy-ion collisions at 2-8 GeV/nucleon

We study the quasi-two-body decays 
					 by employing the perturbative QCD (PQCD) factorization approach, where the charmonia 
					 represents 
					 and 
					. The corresponding decay channels are studied by constructing the kaon-pion distribution amplitude (DA) 
					, which comprises important final state interactions between the kaon and pion in the resonant region. Relativistic Breit-Wigner formulas are adopted to parameterize the time-like form factor 
					 appearing in the kaon-pion DAs. The SU(3) flavor symmetry breaking effect resulting from the mass difference between the kaon and pion is taken into account, which makes significant contributions to the longitudinal polarizations. The observed branching ratios and the polarization fractions of 
					 are accommodated by tuning hadronic parameters for the kaon-pion DAs. The PQCD predictions for 
					 modes from the same set of parameters can be tested by precise data obtained in the future from LHCb and Belle II experiments.
				

Ya Li

Zhou Rui

Zhen-Jun Xiao

P-wave contributions to B(s)→ψKπ decays in perturbative QCD approach Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11947013, 11605060, 11775117, 11547020); Ya Li is also Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (BK20190508) and the Research Start-up Funding of Nanjing Agricultural University; Zhou Rui is Supported in part by the Natural Science Foundation of Hebei Province (A2019209449)

Recently, Guo and Sun derived an identity for factorial Grothendieck polynomials which is a generalization of the one for Schur polynomials by Fehér, Némethi and Rimányi. We analyze the identity from the point of view of quantum integrability, based on the correspondence between the wavefunctions of a five-vertex model and the Grothendieck polynomials. We give another proof using the quantum inverse scattering method. We also apply the same idea and technique to derive an identity for factorial Grothendieck polynomials for rectangular Young diagrams. Combining with the Guo-Sun identity, we get a duality formula. We also discuss a q-deformation of the Guo-Sun identity.

Japan

Kohei Motegi

Integrability approach to Fehér-Némethi-Rimányi-Guo-Sun type identities for factorial Grothendieck polynomials