Femtoscopy offers a sensitive probe of hadron emission sources and hadronic interactions. In this study, we examine relativistic corrections to scattering phase shifts and correlation functions using the two-body Dirac equation framework. We analyze the impact of the Darwin term and spin-dependent potentials, showing that these relativistic effects, especially spin-related interactions, significantly enhance the proton-proton correlation function. Our findings emphasize the necessity of including relativistic corrections for precise femtoscopic analyses.

United States

Zeyu Zeng

China

Baoyi Chen

Germany

Jiaxing Zhao

Relativistic corrections to hadron-hadron scattering phase shift and correlation function * Baoyi Chen is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (12175165). Jiaxing Zhao is supported by the Helmholtz Research Academy Hessen for FAIR (HFHF)

This study investigates the ultraviolet realization of semileptonic four-fermion operator $ O_{ledq}^{\alpha \beta 11} $ that incorporates Majorana dark matter (DM) in both lepton-flavor-conserving (LFC) and lepton-flavor-violating (LFV) scenarios at the one-loop level via box diagram, thereby effectively alleviating the lower bounds on the new physics scale. In addition, we investigate the interplay between model-independent constraints on the Wilson coefficients and DM direct detection, relic density, and collider searches in the context of fermion portal DM model with two mediators. We found that both the projected future constraint on the LFC Wilson coefficient $ C_{ledq}^{2211}/\Lambda^2 \lt $ $ (12.3\; \text{TeV})^{-2} $ from the measurements of neutrino non-standard interaction in the next-generation neutrino oscillation experiments, and the LFV constraint $ C_{ledq}^{1211}/\Lambda^2 \lt \left(2.2\times 10^3\; \text{TeV} \right)^{-2} $ from ongoing charged-lepton-flavor-violation searches, provide a complementary exploration of the parameter space encompassing the DM and scalar masses. With a colored mediator mass of approximately $ 2\; \text{TeV} $ , the sensitivity of the indirect constraints on the four-fermion operator can surpass those of collider searches and DM direct detection, in scenarios where the masses of the DM and scalar are close. By ensuring the correct DM relic density, however, we find that the collider searches and DM direct detection are more sensitive to the electroweak-scale DM and scalar than indirect constraints.

Yuxuan He

Gang Li

Jia Liu

Xiao-Ping Wang

Xiang Zhao

Lepton flavor of four-fermion operator and fermion portal dark matter * Gang Li and Xiang Zhao are supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12347105, 12505127), the Guangdong Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation (2024A1515012668). The work of Jia Liu is supported by the National Science Foundation of China (12235001, 12475103) and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology (NPT2025ZX11). The work of Xiao-Ping Wang is supported by National Science Foundation of China (12375095) and the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities

In this study, we compute the next-to-leading-order QCD corrections to the Dirac electromagnetic form factors of the Σ hyperons within the hard-collinear factorization framework at leading power. The corresponding short-distance coefficient functions are extracted from the relevant seven-point partonic correlation functions. We find that the one-loop radiative corrections to the leading-twist hard-scattering contributions are numerically significant over a broad range of momentum transfer. Combining the perturbatively calculated hard kernels with nonperturbative Σ distribution amplitudes determined from lattice QCD, we present state-of-the-art theoretical predictions for the Σ hyperon electromagnetic form factors.

Bo-Xuan Shi

Hui-Xin Yu

Xue-Chen Zhao

Next-to-leading-order QCD predictions for the Σ Dirac form factors * This research is supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (12475097, 12535006) and the Natural Science Foundation of Tianjin (25JCZDJC01190). Xue-Chen Zhao is supported by the Postdoctoral Fellowship Program of CPSF (GZB20250794)

In this work, we investigate novel traversable wormhole solutions within the framework of Asymptotically Safe Gravity (ASG), in the presence of a surrounding matter distribution described by the Dekel–Zhao profile. By considering the ASG renormalization group flow in the infrared (IR) regime, we show that quantum gravitational corrections allow these structures to exist at astrophysical scales, where the Dekel–Zhao matter distribution and ASG effects together determine the geometric stability and observational signatures of the wormhole. Thus, the scale-dependent gravitational coupling $\textit{G}$($\textit{k}$), derived from ASG in the IR regime, is incorporated directly into the field equations, providing a consistent description of quantum gravitational corrections at astrophysical scales. The combined effects of the running coupling (parameterized by $$\xi $$ ) and the dark matter characteristics determine the geometric structure and physical viability of the wormhole. The solutions satisfy the flare-out and asymptotic flatness conditions within restricted parameter domains. The Null Energy Condition is necessarily violated at the throat, with the ASG corrections strengthening the exotic behavior required to sustain the wormhole geometry. This interpretation is reinforced by the modified Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff analysis, which shows that the repulsive quantum contributions induced by ASG counterbalance gravitational collapse. Phenomenologically, the shadow radius of the wormhole increases nearly linearly with $$\xi $$ , lying within the Event Horizon Telescope bounds for Sgr A* when $$\xi /M \simeq 0.8$$ –0.9, suggesting that ASG-corrected traversable wormholes in a dark matter environment described by the Dekel–Zhao profile may exhibit shadow properties compatible with current observational bounds in the strong-field regime.

Brazil

Jonathan Rebouças

Celio Muniz

Francisco Lustosa

Edson Otoniel

Quantum-improved wormholes in the Dekel–Zhao dark matter halo

Electroweak (EW) amplitudes in the gauge-Goldstone five-component formalism have a distinctive property: gauge symmetry is imprinted in the amplitudes, manifested as the massive Ward identity (MWI) $ k^M{\cal{M}}_M=0 $ . In this study, we used the HELAS package to numerically study gauge symmetry in EW amplitudes. First, we directly tested gauge symmetry by examining the MWI of amplitudes. Second, we modified the couplings within a vertex and among vertices to check if and how the MWI changes. Third, we tested gauge symmetry by considering the couplings modified by operators from the standard model effective field theory (SMEFT). Similar to the standard model, there are relations between different couplings that are protected by gauge symmetry. We observed that, if we modify the couplings to deviate from the relations, the MWI is violated. In contrast, the MWI is restored when the relations between couplings reduce to those in the SMEFT.

Wang-Fa Li

Junmou Chen

Qian-Jiu Wang

Zhao-Huan Yu

Numerical study on the gauge symmetry of electroweak amplitudes * Junmou Chen is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (12205118), Wang-Fa Li, Qian-Jiu Wang, and Zhao-Huan Yu are supported by the Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project (2024A04J4026)

One compelling way to probe dark matter is by looking for its gravitational effects on black holes. Inspired by the study of Cardoso et al. (Phys. Rev. D 105, 6, L061501 (2022)) on black holes in galaxies, this work investigates static, spherically symmetric black holes surrounded by Dekel-Zhao-type dark matter halos and influenced by a quintessential field. By adopting a double power-law profile, we derive explicit expressions for the cumulative mass, tangential velocity, and the modified metric, providing a coherent description of the horizon structure and thermodynamic properties. Depending on the core density, the spacetime may feature multiple horizons or even a naked singularity. Our analysis of null geodesics reveals that both dark matter and quintessence significantly affect photon trajectories and the resulting black hole shadow. By combining theoretical modeling with EHT observations of Sgr A <math altimg='si14.svg'><msup><mrow /><mo>*</mo></msup></math> and M87 <math altimg='si14.svg'><msup><mrow /><mo>*</mo></msup></math>, we place constraints on the halo density and quintessence parameter, directly connecting them to observable features. However, a stability analysis of circular photon orbits confirms that the photon sphere is inherently unstable, with its location and sensitivity strongly influenced by the surrounding matter. Finally, we analyze how the impact parameter <math altimg='si39.svg'><mover accent='true'><mi>b</mi><mo>&#732;</mo></mover></math> shapes photon trajectories around a black hole, determining the bending of null geodesics, the photon sphere location, and the event horizon structure, thereby illustrating the influence of spacetime geometry on light paths. This work highlights the intricate interplay between dark matter, quintessence, and black hole observables, bridging theoretical predictions with astrophysical measurements.

South Africa

Azerbaijan

A. Errehymy

Null geodesics and shadows of Dekel-Zhao-type dark matter black holes with a quintessential field: Constraints from EHT observations of M87 <math altimg='si14.svg'><msup><mrow /><mo>*</mo></msup></math> and Sgr A <math altimg='si14.svg'><msup><mrow /><mo>*</mo></msup></math>

Motivated by the work of Cardoso et al. (2022) <cross-ref refid='br0150' id='crf0030'>[15]</cross-ref> on black holes in galaxies, we derive a new black hole solution surrounded by a Dekel-Zhao (DZ) dark matter profile. The derived metric, influenced by DZ profile parameters, exhibits two distinct regimes: for <math altimg='si1.svg'><mi>r</mi><mo>&#8810;</mo><msub><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant='normal'>c</mi></mrow></msub></math> ( <math altimg='si2.svg'><msub><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant='normal'>c</mi></mrow></msub></math> is a characteristic radius), exponential corrections dominate, producing significant deviations from the Schwarzschild solution near dense cores, while for <math altimg='si3.svg'><mi>r</mi><mo>&#8811;</mo><msub><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant='normal'>c</mi></mrow></msub></math>, these corrections vanish, restoring the Schwarzschild metric at large distances. These findings ensure consistency with general relativity in vacuum. The black hole shadow and deflection angle are analyzed, demonstrating that the shadow radius increases with black hole mass ( <math altimg='si4.svg'><msub><mrow><mi>M</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant='normal'>BH</mi></mrow></msub></math>), while higher central densities ( <math altimg='si5.svg'><msub><mrow><mi>&#961;</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant='normal'>ch</mi></mrow></msub></math>) result in smaller shadows, reflecting the environmental impact of dense dark matter halos. Photon dynamics reveal how DZ profiles modify critical impact parameters and effective potentials, with gravitational lensing effects highly sensitive to the characteristic radius ( <math altimg='si2.svg'><msub><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant='normal'>c</mi></mrow></msub></math>). Smaller <math altimg='si2.svg'><msub><mrow><mi>r</mi></mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant='normal'>c</mi></mrow></msub></math> values lead to larger deflection angles due to stronger gravitational effects near compact cores. This work highlights the significance dark matter profiles in shaping black hole observables, providing a theoretical foundation for future observational studies and advancing the understanding of dark matter-black hole interactions in astrophysical and cosmological contexts.

Türkiye

Ali Övgün

Philippines

Reggie C. Pantig

Black hole in the Dekel-Zhao dark matter profile

The field theory approach to the statistical mechanics of a system of N polymer rings linked together is extended to the case of links whose paths in space are characterized by a fixed number 2s of maxima and minima. Such kind of links are called 2s-plats and appear for instance in the DNA of living organisms or in the wordlines of quasiparticles associated with vortices nucleated in a quasi-two-dimensional superfluid. The path integral theory describing the statistical mechanics of polymers subjected to topological constraints is mapped here into a field theory of quasiparticles (anyons). In the particular case of <math><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn></math>, it is shown that this field theory admits vortex solutions with special self-dual points in which the interactions between the vortices vanish identically. The topological states of the link are distinguished using two topological invariants, namely the Gauss linking number and the so-called bridge number which is related to s. The Gauss linking number is a topological invariant that is relatively weak in distinguishing the different topological configurations of a general link. The addition of topological constraints based on the bridge number allows to get a glimpse into the non-abelian world of quasiparticles, which is relevant for important applications like topological quantum computing and high-<math><msub><mrow><mi>T</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>C</mi></mrow></msub></math> superconductivity. At the end an useful connection with the cosh-Gordon equation is shown in the case <math><mi>s</mi><mo>=</mo><mn>2</mn></math>.

Poland

Franco Ferrari

Jarosław Paturej

JINR

Marcin Pia̧tek

Yani Zhao

Knots, links, anyons and statistical mechanics of entangled polymer rings

We explore the discovery potential of Higgs pair production at a 100 TeV collider via full leptonic mode. The same mode can be explored at the LHC when Higgs pair production is enhanced by new physics. We examine two types of fully leptonic final states and propose a partial reconstruction method, which can reconstruct some useful kinematic observables. It is found that the mT2 variable determined by this reconstruction method and the reconstructed visible Higgs mass are crucial to discriminate the signal and background events. It is also noticed that a new variable, denoted as Δm, which is defined as the mass difference of two possible combinations, is very useful as a discriminant. To examine the detector effects, we consider seven detector setups for a 100 TeV collider and investigate the changes in the sensitivity, and we find that lepton isolation and the minimal lepton Pt cut are crucial in order to reduce the integrated luminosity.

Belgium

Xiaoran Zhao

Qiang Li

Zhao Li

Qi-Shu Yan

Discovery potential of Higgs boson pair production through final states at a 100 TeV colliderSupported by Natural Science Foundation of China (11175251, 11305179, 11675185, 11475180, 11575005) The work of Q. Li and Q.S. Yan is partially supported by CAS Center for Excellence in Particle Physics (CCEPP), X. Zhao is partially supported by the European Union as part of the FP7 Marie Curie Initial Training Network MCnetITN (PITN-GA-2012-315877).

None Supervisory Editors of Nuclear Physics B

Editorial note on “Lepton-flavor violation and (g−2)μ in the μν SSM” by Hai-Bin Zhang, Tai-Fu Feng, Shu-Min Zhao and Tie-Jun Gao [Nucl. Phys. B 873 (2) (2013) 300–324]