We investigate how the junction law for multipartite entanglement is realized in confining holographic backgrounds, using genuine multi-entropy (GM) as our main diagnostic. We first study an AdS hard-wall toy model as an analytic benchmark, where multi-way cuts and junction geometries can be analyzed explicitly. In this setup, we classify the relevant saddles, determine the dominant phases, and show that the genuinely multipartite contribution diagnosed by GM is localized near the junction. We also examine how this structure depends on subsystem sizes, asymmetry, and the confinement scale, including phase transitions between competing saddles. We then move beyond the hard-wall benchmark to smooth confining geometries, focusing on the D4-soliton and D3-soliton backgrounds and formulating the corresponding framework also for the Klebanov-Strassler background. In the smooth-cap examples, we find that the junction picture persists, while the detailed phase structure differs from the hard-wall case: in particular, the hard-wall plateau does not survive, and GM instead decreases monotonically and vanishes at a finite critical scale. We also find that the short-distance behavior is background-dependent, with GM ~ $\textit{L}$ in the D4-soliton background, GM ~ $\textit{L}$ in the D3-soliton background, and GM ~ $\textit{L}$ (log $\textit{L}$) in the Klebanov-Strassler background. These results clarify which features of the junction-law picture are robust in confining holography and which features of the phase structure and short-distance scaling are background-dependent.

Japan

Taiwan

Norihiro Iizuka

Akihiro Miyata

The junction law for multipartite entanglement in confining holographic backgrounds

A correction to this paper has been published: https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP06(2025)186

Germany

André Raposo

United States

Raul Briceño

United Kingdom

Maxwell Hansen

Andrew Jackura

Erratum to: Extracting scattering amplitudes for arbitrary two-particle systems with one-particle left-hand cuts via lattice QCD

A search is performed for a new resonance <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>X</mi></math> decaying into a Higgs boson and a new scalar boson <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Y</mi></math> (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>H</mi><mi>Y</mi></math>) including the case where <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Y</mi></math> is assumed to be a second Higgs boson (<math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>H</mi><mi>H</mi></math>), using proton-proton collision data collected at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msqrt><mi>s</mi></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>13</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>TeV</mi></math>, corresponding to an integrated luminosity of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>138</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><msup><mi>fb</mi><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>1</mn></mrow></msup></math>. This study performs a comprehensive exploitation of the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>b</mi><mi>b</mi><mi>Z</mi><mi>Z</mi></math> events, encompassing the following decay topologies. One <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>H</mi></math> candidate is identified through its decay into a bottom quark-antiquark pair, while the other <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>H</mi></math> or the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Y</mi></math> candidate is selected through its decay into a pair of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi></math> bosons. One <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi></math> boson is required to decay leptonically and the other, to decay into a pair of quarks or neutrinos. Events of interest are categorized based on the Lorentz boosts of the hadronically decaying <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>H</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi></math> bosons. Machine-learning-based discriminants, together with the reconstructed resonance mass, are employed across the different categories to separate signal from backgrounds, and their corresponding distributions are included in a simultaneous fit. No significant deviations from the standard model predictions are observed. Upper limits at the 95% confidence level are set on the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>H</mi><mi>Y</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>H</mi><mi>H</mi></math> production cross sections. For <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>H</mi><mi>Y</mi></math> production, the upper limit on the cross section of the process <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>X</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>Y</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>b</mi><mi>b</mi><mi>Z</mi><mi>Z</mi></math> ranges from 500 to 5 fb, with the most stringent constraints achieved for high-mass <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>X</mi></math> resonances and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Y</mi></math> masses near the threshold for decay into a pair of massive vector bosons. This is comparable to the sensitivity achieved in other analyses, which focus on <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>H</mi></math> decays to <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>γ</mi><mi>γ</mi></math> or <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>τ</mi><mi>τ</mi></math> and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Y</mi></math> decays into a pair of bottom quarks or massive vector bosons. For resonant <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>H</mi><mi>H</mi></math> production, the upper limit on the cross section of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>p</mi><mi>p</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mi>X</mi><mo stretchy="false">→</mo><mrow><mi>H</mi><mi>H</mi></mrow></math> production is 1 pb for a high-mass resonance.

Armenia

A. Hayrapetyan

V. Makarenko

A. Tumasyan

Austria

W. Adam

L. Benato

T. Bergauer

M. Dragicevic

P.S. Hussain

M. Jeitler

N. Krammer

A. Li

D. Liko

M. Matthewman

J. Schieck

R. Schöfbeck

M. Shooshtari

M. Sonawane

N. Van Den Bossche

W. Waltenberger

C.E. Wulz

Belgium

T. Janssen

H. Kwon

D. Ocampo Henao

T. Van Laer

P. Van Mechelen

D. Ahmadi

J. Bierkens

N. Breugelmans

J. D’Hondt

S. Dansana

A. De Moor

M. Delcourt

C. Gupta

F. Heyen

Y. Hong

P. Kashko

S. Lowette

I. Makarenko

S. Nandakumar

S. Tavernier

M. Tytgat

G.P. Van Onsem

S. Van Putte

D. Vannerom

A. Beshr

B. Bilin

F. Caviglia Roman

B. Clerbaux

A.K. Das

I. De Bruyn

G. De Lentdecker

E. Ducarme

H. Evard

L. Favart

A. Khalilzadeh

A. Malara

M.A. Shahzad

A. Sharma

L. Thomas

M. Vanden Bemden

C. Vander Velde

P. Vanlaer

F. Zhang

A. Cauwels

M. De Coen

D. Dobur

C. Giordano

G. Gokbulut

K. Kaspar

D. Kavtaradze

D. Marckx

K. Skovpen

A.M. Tomaru

J. van der Linden

J. Vandenbroeck

H. Aarup Petersen

S. Bein

A. Benecke

A. Bethani

G. Bruno

A. Cappati

J. De Favereau De Jeneret

C. Delaere

F. Gameiro Casalinho

A. Giammanco

A.O. Guzel

V. Lemaitre

J. Lidrych

P. Malek

S. Turkcapar

Brazil

G.A. Alves

M. Barroso Ferreira Filho

E. Coelho

C. Hensel

D. Matos Figueiredo

T. Menezes De Oliveira

C. Mora Herrera

P. Rebello Teles

M. Soeiro

E.J. Tonelli Manganote

Search for a new resonance decaying to a Higgs boson and a scalar boson in events with two <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>b</mi></math> jets and two <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>Z</mi></math> bosons in proton-proton collisions at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msqrt><mi>s</mi></msqrt><mo>=</mo><mn>13</mn><mtext> </mtext><mtext> </mtext><mi>TeV</mi></math>

We investigate the spreading of entanglement, and entanglement memory effects, in two-dimensional conformal field theory (CFT) propagating on evaporating black hole backgrounds. Memory effects leading to late-time spikes in mutual information for widely separated intervals are well known in CFTs admitting a quasiparticle description. In this work we examine the effect of black hole scrambling on late time mutual information spikes for disjoint intervals in free fermion CFT prepared in a thermofield double state. Late-time entanglement revival is driven by island-induced purification of modes in the union of the intervals. We show across two distinct 2D gravity models, Jackiw-Teitelboim (JT) gravity and the Russo-Susskind-Thorlacius (RST) model, that parametrically dialing up black hole scrambling time smooths out and suppresses entanglement spikes until they disappear at a critical scale, interpolating between free quasiparticle and maximal scrambling pictures. At the critical point, the interval lengths are exponential in black hole scrambling time. We further find a very closely related effect manifest as an entanglement dip for a single interval in a single-sided evaporating RST black hole.

Levy B.N. Batista

Nicolò Bragagnolo

Rhys Holmes

S. Prem Kumar

Entanglement revivals and scrambling for evaporating black holes

We develop a framework for testing quantum gravity through the stochastic gravitational-wave background produced by evaporating near-Planck-mass primordial black holes. Because gravitons freestream from the emission region without rescattering, they preserve a direct spectral record of the black-hole temperature–mass relation <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>T</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>M</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math>, a relation that is erased for all other Hawking-radiated species by rapid thermalization. We translate six representative phenomenological beyond-semiclassical frameworks (the generalized uncertainty principle, loop quantum gravity, noncommutative geometry, asymptotic safety, string/Hagedorn physics, and tunneling backreaction) into distinct <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>T</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>M</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> parameterizations and compute the resulting gravitational-wave spectra numerically within a hybrid semiclassical-phenomenological framework. Modifications that suppress <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>T</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mi>M</mi><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow></math> shift the spectral peak by up to 10 decades in frequency, in some cases into the sensitivity bands of next-generation interferometers or resonant-cavity detectors, while models imposing a hard evaporation cutoff produce distinctive peak morphologies that distinguish between phenomenological classes of modified evaporation. We further discuss the impact of different choices for post-inflationary conditions in the very early Universe and note that breaking the remaining cosmological degeneracies and connecting these signatures to specific quantum-gravity theories requires complementary observables. We find that the relative spectral displacement between the standard Hawking prediction and any modified model is cosmology-independent, and hence spectral shape rather than absolute peak frequency provides the cleanest probe of Planck-scale physics.

Stefano Profumo

Probing Planck-scale physics with high-frequency gravitational waves

We investigate the geometry of entanglement wedges for asymptotic $\textit{n}$-to-$\textit{n}$ scattering configurations in asymptotically AdS spacetimes. Extending the 2-to-2 Connected Wedge Theorem, we establish a strictly weaker sufficient condition for the input entanglement wedge $$ \mathcal{E}\left({V}_1\cup \cdots \cup {V}_n\right) $$ to be connected: the existence of a single pair of input regions satisfying a 2-to-all causal intersection condition already forces full multipartite wedge connectivity. We also derive novel necessary conditions, showing that when the input wedge is connected, certain output ridges must enter the input wedge, and we organize these consequences into a layered reduction on the boundary lattice. Furthermore, we analyze the generalized bulk scattering region $$ {\mathcal{S}}_E=\mathcal{E}\left({V}_1\cup \cdots \cup {V}_n\right)\cap \mathcal{E}\left({W}_1\cup \cdots \cup {W}_n\right) $$ and obtain necessary conditions for it to be nonempty; for $\textit{n}$ > 2 these conditions are stronger than mere wedge connectedness. Our results provide new geometric restrictions on multipartite entanglement in holography and clarify the holographic dictionary for multi-partite scattering processes, while also highlighting intrinsic limitations for $\textit{n}$ > 2.

China

Bowen Zhao

New conditions for multipartite entanglement wedge connectivity in $\textit{n}$-to-$\textit{n}$ holographic scattering

We present a unified description of first-order cosmological phase transition dynamics that links the phenomenological friction model employed in hydrodynamic simulations to the microscopic treatment based on Boltzmann equations. We derive an approximate analytical expression for the chemical potential and demonstrate that the resulting friction parameter $$ \overset{\sim }{\eta } $$ follows a simple power-law dependence on the transition strength $$ \left(\propto {v}_n^4/{T}_n^4\right) $$ . Incorporating this scaling into a phenomenological framework accurately reproduces the terminal wall velocities obtained from the full microscopic analysis performed using WallGo [1]. This approach offers an efficient method to quantify out-of-equilibrium contributions to friction and reliably estimate bubble-wall velocities.

Poland

Tomasz Krajewski

Marek Lewicki

Marco Merchand

Ignacy Nałęcz

Mateusz Zych

From friction scaling to an efficient method for estimating bubble wall velocity

Redshift drift is usually discussed for observers comoving with the cosmological background, but realistic observations are made by observers with nonzero peculiar motion. In this work, we calculate the expected redshift drift for tilted observers within the covariant 1 + 3 formalism. Starting from the exact redshift measured in the tilted frame, we derive the corresponding drift as an FLRW background term plus a directional correction driven by the observer’s peculiar kinematics, encoded through peculiar expansion, projected shear, and projected acceleration along the line of sight. We analyse first an Einstein–de Sitter (EdS) background, which isolates the purely kinematic effect of tilt in the absence of background acceleration, and then extend the calculation to $$\Lambda $$ CDM in order to quantify how the same anisotropic corrections deform the standard drift signal in the concordance model.

Argentina

Franco Pedro

Gabriel Bengochea

Expected redshift drift for tilted observers

We examine the origin of the cosmological collider signal using the framework of open effective field theories. Focusing on the single exchange of a massive scalar field, we demonstrate that the trispectrum splits cleanly into its local and non-local components once the heavy-field propagators are decomposed in the Keldysh basis. Integrating out the massive degree of freedom yields a single-field effective field theory for the light scalar that necessarily contains both unitary operators and non-unitary contributions associated with dissipation and stochastic noise. We show that the leading local signal in parity-preserving theories arises from the unitary part of this effective field theory, whereas the non-local signal is intrinsically associated with its stochastic sector. The effective field theory coefficients themselves are a priori non-analytic in the external kinematics; however, this non-analyticity can be softened when a scale hierarchy — such as the heavy-mass expansion — is imposed, up to spurious contributions that ultimately cancel in observables. Finally, we establish a connection between the cosmological collider signal and entropy production, linking the observable non-local signal to intrinsic properties of the quantum state, including its degree of mixedness.

Thomas Colas

Zhehan Qin

Xi Tong

Open effective field theory and the physics of cosmological collider signals