The measurement of three-dimensional femtoscopic correlations between identical charged kaons (K K ) produced in p–Pb collisions at center-of-mass energy per nucleon pair $$\sqrt{{s}_{\text{NN}}}=5.02$$ TeV with ALICE at the LHC is presented for the first time. This measurement, supplementary to those in pp and Pb–Pb collisions, allows understanding the particle-production mechanisms at different charged-particle multiplicities and provides information on the dynamics of the source of particles created in p–Pb collisions, for which a general consensus does not yet exist. It is shown that the measured source sizes increase with charged-particle multiplicity and decrease with increasing pair transverse momentum. These trends for K K are similar to the ones observed earlier in identical charged-pion and $${\text{K}}_{\text{s}}^{0}{\text{K}}_{\text{s}}^{0}$$ correlations in Pb–Pb collisions at various energies and in $\textit{π}$ $\textit{π}$ correlations in p–Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{{s}_{\text{NN}}}=5.02$$ TeV. At comparable multiplicity, the source sizes measured in p–Pb collisions agree within uncertainties with those observed in pp collisions, and there is an indication that they are smaller than those observed in Pb–Pb collisions. The obtained results are also compared with predictions from the hadronic interaction model EPOS 3, which tends to underestimate the source size for the most central collisions and agrees with the data for semicentral and peripheral events. Furthermore, the time of maximal emission for kaons is extracted. It turns out to be comparable with the value obtained in highly peripheral Pb–Pb collisions at the same energy, indicating that the kaon emission evolution is similar to that in p–Pb collisions.

France

S. Acharya

India

A. Agarwal

Switzerland

G. Aglieri Rinella

Italy

L. Aglietta

M. Agnello

N. Agrawal

Z. Ahammed

S. Ahmad

South Korea

S. Ahn

Slovakia

I. Ahuja

A. Akindinov

Germany

V. Akishina

M. Al-Turany

D. Aleksandrov

B. Alessandro

China

H. Alfanda

Mexico

R. Alfaro Molina

B. Ali

A. Alici

United States

N. Alizadehvandchali

A. Alkin

Norway

J. Alme

G. Alocco

T. Alt

A. Altamura

I. Altsybeev

J. Alvarado

Romania

C. Andrei

United Kingdom

N. Andreou

A. Andronic

E. Andronov

V. Anguelov

F. Antinori

P. Antonioli

N. Apadula

L. Aphecetche

H. Appelshäuser

C. Arata

S. Arcelli

R. Arnaldi

Brazil

J. Arneiro

I. Arsene

M. Arslandok

A. Augustinus

R. Averbeck

D. Averyanov

M. Azmi

Japan

H. Baba

A. Badalà

J. Bae

Y. Baek

X. Bai

R. Bailhache

Y. Bailung

R. Bala

A. Balbino

A. Baldisseri

Poland

B. Balis

Z. Banoo

V. Barbasova

F. Barile

L. Barioglio

Greece

M. Barlou

B. Barman

Hungary

G. Barnaföldi

L. Barnby

E. Barreau

V. Barret

L. Barreto

C. Bartels

K. Barth

E. Bartsch

N. Bastid

Sweden

S. Basu

G. Batigne

D. Battistini

B. Batyunya

D. Bauri

Peru

J. Bazo Alba

Denmark

I. Bearden

C. Beattie

P. Becht

D. Behera

I. Belikov

A. Bell Hechavarria

F. Bellini

R. Bellwied

S. Belokurova

L. Beltran

Y. Beltran

G. Bencedi

A. Bensaoula

S. Beole

Y. Berdnikov

A. Berdnikova

L. Bergmann

M. Besoiu

L. Betev

P. Bhaduri

A. Bhasin

Space-time evolution of particle emission in p–Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{{s}_{\text{NN}}}=5.02$$ TeV with 3D kaon femtoscopy

The future circular $\textit{e}$ $\textit{e}$ collider (FCC-ee or CEPC) will provide unprecedented sensitivity to indirect new physics signals emerging as small deviations from the Standard Model predictions in electroweak precision tests. Assuming new physics scenarios containing a dark matter candidate and a $\textit{t}$-channel mediator, we analyse the synergy and interplay of future Tera-$\textit{Z}$ factories and non-collider tests conducted through direct and indirect searches of dark matter. Our results highlight the excellent prospect for a Tera-$\textit{Z}$ run to indirectly probe the presence and nature of dark matter.

Pablo Olgoso

Paride Paradisi

Nudžeim Selimović

The dark side of a Tera-$\textit{Z}$ factory

We propose the implementation of two ingredients in the phenomenological applications of the unitary approach based on the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>z</mi></math>-expansion of hadronic form factors, commonly referred to as the Boyd-Grinstein-Lebed (BGL) <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>z</mi></math>-expansion [<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.74.4603">Phys. Rev. Lett. 74, 4603 (1995)</a>.; <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0370-2693(95)00480-9">Phys. Lett. B 353, 306 (1995)</a>.; <a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0550-3213(95)00653-2">Nucl. Phys. B461, 493 (1996)</a>.; [<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.56.6895">Phys. Rev. D 56, 6895 (1997)</a>.] . The first ingredient is the explicit addition of a unitarity filter applied to a given set of input data for the hadronic form factors. This further constraint is not usually taken into account in the phenomenological applications of the BGL <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>z</mi></math>-expansion. We show that it follows from the equivalence between the BGL approach and the dispersion matrix (DM) method [<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.104.054502">Phys. Rev. D 104, 054502 (2021)</a>.], which also describes hadronic form factors in a completely model-independent and nonperturbative way. The second ingredient is represented by the introduction of suitable kernel functions in the evaluation of unitarity bounds, leading to the application of multiple dispersive bounds to hadronic form factors, whenever data and/or (non)perturbative techniques allow to do so. This idea may be useful for the investigation of many physical processes, from the analysis of the electromagnetic form factors of mesons and baryons to the study of weak semileptonic decays of hadrons. An explicit numerical application will be presented in the companion paper [<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/g1q2-3pmq">Phys. Rev. D 113, 074018 (2026)</a>.], where the effects of subthreshold branch-cuts are analyzed.

Silvano Simula

Ludovico Vittorio

Multiple dispersive bounds. I. The <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>z</mi></math> expansion

This article presents measurements of inclusive <italic>J</italic>/ <italic>&#968;</italic> production at midrapidity (| <italic>y</italic>|&#8239;&lt;&#8239; 1.0) in Au+Au collisions at <math altimg='si1.svg'><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mtext>NN</mtext></msub></msqrt><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>=</mo><mn>54.4</mn></mrow></math> GeV with the STAR detector at the Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider. A suppression of the <italic>J</italic>/ <italic>&#968;</italic> yield, quantified using the nuclear modification factors ( <italic>R</italic> <inf>AA</inf>, <italic>R</italic> <inf>CP</inf>), is observed with respect to the scaled production in <math altimg='si2.svg'><mrow><mi>p</mi><mspace width='0.16em' /><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>+</mo><mspace width='0.16em' /><mi>p</mi></mrow></math> collisions. The dependence of <italic>R</italic> <inf>AA</inf> on collision centrality and <italic>J</italic>/ <italic>&#968;</italic> transverse momentum is measured with improved precision compared to previous measurements at 39 and 62.4&#8239;GeV, while the centrality dependence of <italic>R</italic> <inf>CP</inf> is measured and compared to the same results at 39, 62.4, and 200&#8239;GeV. In central collisions, no significant collision energy dependence of <italic>R</italic> <inf>AA</inf> is found within uncertainties for collision energies between 17.3 and 200&#8239;GeV. Two transport model calculations that include dissociation and regeneration contributions are consistent with the experimental results within uncertainties. Although no significant collision energy dependence of the <italic>J</italic>/ <italic>&#968;</italic> suppression in high energy heavy-ion collisions up to <math altimg='si10.svg'><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mtext>NN</mtext></msub></msqrt><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>=</mo><mn>200</mn></mrow></math> GeV is observed within uncertainties, the newly measured results at 54.4&#8239;GeV Au+Au collisions provide additional constraints on theoretical calculations of the hot medium evolution and cold nuclear matter effects.

B.E. Aboona

Czechia

J. Adam

L. Adamczyk

I. Aggarwal

M.M. Aggarwal

A.K. Alshammri

E.C. Aschenauer

S. Aslam

J. Atchison

Chile

V. Bairathi

X. Bao

P. Barik

K. Barish

S. Behera

P. Bhagat

S. Bhatta

S.R. Bhosale

J. Bielcik

J. Bielcikova

J.D. Brandenburg

C. Broodo

X.Z. Cai

H. Caines

M. Calderón de la Barca Sánchez

D. Cebra

J. Ceska

I. Chakaberia

P. Chaloupka

Y.S. Chang

Z. Chang

A. Chatterjee

D. Chen

J.H. Chen

L. Chen

Q. Chen

W. Chen

Z. Chen

J. Cheng

Y. Cheng

W. Christie

X. Chu

S. Corey

H.J. Crawford

M. Csanád

G. Dale-Gau

A. Das

D. De Souza Lemos

I.M. Deppner

A. Deshpande

A. Dhamija

A. Dimri

P. Dixit

X. Dong

J.L. Drachenberg

E. Duckworth

J.C. Dunlop

Egypt

Y.S. El-Feky

J. Engelage

G. Eppley

S. Esumi

O. Evdokimov

O. Eyser

B. Fan

Y. Fang

R. Fatemi

Measurement of inclusive <italic>J</italic>/ <italic>&#968;</italic> production in Au+Au collisions at <math altimg='si1.svg'><mrow><msqrt><msub><mi>s</mi><mtext>NN</mtext></msub></msqrt><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>=</mo><mn>54.4</mn></mrow></math> GeV at STAR