A wide range of scintillating bolometers are under investigation for applications in the search for rare events and processes beyond the Standard Model. In this work, we report the first measurement of a natural, non-molybdenum-doped, lithium tungstate (Li $$_2$$ WO $$_4$$ ) crystal operated underground as a scintillating cryogenic calorimeter. The detector achieved a baseline energy resolution of 0.5 keV RMS with a low-energy threshold of about 1.5 keV. The simultaneous readout of heat and light enabled particle identification, revealing a clear separation between $$\beta /\gamma ,$$ $$\alpha ,$$ and nuclear recoil populations above 300 keV, with a light-yield-based particle discrimination better than $$6\sigma .$$ These results, fully comparable with those achieved with other compounds in the field, demonstrate that Li $$_2$$ WO $$_4$$ is a promising candidate for rare-event searches. In particular, the combination of excellent radio-purity (with U/Th levels below 0.5 mBq/kg) and sensitivity to neutron interactions via the $$^6$$ Li(n, $$\alpha )$$ $$^3$$ H reaction makes this material an attractive option for next-generation experiments in dark matter, coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering, and spin-dependent interactions.

Italy

D. Helis

A. Melchiorre

S. Nagorny

Switzerland

M. Noia

L. Pagnanini

S. Pirro

A. Puiu

G. Benato

P. Carniti

R. Elleboro

P. Gambacorta

C. Gotti

Russia

V. Grigorieva

S. Nisi

France

E. Olivieri

G. Pessina

S. Piacentini

Kazakhstan

M. Shafiee

V. Shlegel

Characterization of the Li $$_2$$ WO $$_4$$ crystal as a cryogenic scintillating calorimeter

The competition between the breakup channels in the 6Li + 209Bi fusion reaction at the above-barrier energies has been investigated using a classical dynamic model. By incorporating the breakup processes from the short-lived nucleus formed via direct excitation and <italic>n</italic>-stripping, the model provides a comprehensive description of both complete and incomplete fusion cross sections. Although the <italic>n</italic>-stripping channel exhibits a higher probability, it contributes less to the complete fusion cross section compared to the direct excitation channel. An unexpected behavior was observed in incomplete fusion at the above barrier energies: the light-fragment capture predominantly occurs near the critical angular momentum, while the <italic>&#945;</italic> capture is favored at lower angular momenta, particularly in cases with large mass asymmetry between the two fragments. These findings provide further insight into the origin of fusion suppression in reactions involving weakly bound nuclei.

China

Kai-Xuan Cheng

Chun-Wang Ma

Mechanism of breakup channel competition in the 6Li+ 209Bi system at above-barrier energies

The 2HDM+S is the singlet extension of the two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM). The singlet field and its mixing with the 2HDM Higgs sector lead to new contributions to the electroweak precision observables, in particular, the oblique parameters. In this study, we performed a systematic investigation of the impacts of each mixing angle on the oblique parameters. We adopted the mixing angles and physical Higgs masses as our parameters, which allow a mapping when a specific symmetry structure of the Higgs potential and various theoretical considerations are taken into account. We identified five benchmark cases, where at most one mixing angle was nonzero, and analyzed the 95% C.L. allowed parameter space using the oblique parameters. In the alignment limit of the 2HDM, we find that, other than the usual mass relations of $m_H\sim m_{H^\pm}$ or $m_A\sim m_{H^\pm}$ , electroweak precision measurements also impose an upper limit on the neutral Higgs masses. In the cases with nonzero singlet mixing with the 2HDM Higgses $\textit{H}$ or $\textit{A}$, we find approximate mass relations of $c^2_{\alpha_{HS}} m_{H} + s^2_{\alpha_{HS}}m_{h_S} = m_{H^\pm}$ or $c^2_{\alpha_{AS}} m_{A} + s^2_{\alpha_{AS}}m_{A_S} = m_{H^\pm}$ . These relations are universal to the 2HDM+S models, with or without further symmetry assumption. We also studied the non-alignment limit of the 2HDM+S, which typically has tighter constraints on the masses and mixing angles. Finally, we examined the complementarity between the electroweak precision analyses and the Higgs coupling precision measurements.

Cheng Li

Juxiang Li

Shufang Su

Wei Su

Electroweak precision constraints of the 2HDM+S * Cheng Li, Juxiang Li, and Wei Su are supported by the Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) (12305115), Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (202206193000001, 20220816094256002), Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Gamma-Gamma Collider and Its Comprehensive Applications (2024KSYS001), and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Advanced Particle Detection Technology (2024B1212010005). Juxiang Li is also supported by the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, and the Sun Yat-sen University Science Foundation. Shufang Su is supported by the Department of Energy (DEFG02-13ER41976/DE-SC0009913)

The charmed baryon was first observed experimentally in 1975, one year after the charm quark's confirmation via the discovery of the $ J/\psi $ particle. Studying charmed baryon decays provides a pathway to investigate both strong and weak interactions, leveraging the weak decays of the embedded charm quark. However, for approximately three decades following its discovery, experimental knowledge of charmed baryons remained significantly limited compared to those of the hidden-charm $\textit{ψ}$ mesons and open-charm $ D_{(s)} $ mesons. This situation changed markedly starting in 2014, when dedicated data collection for charmed baryons commenced at BESIII. In this article, we review the experimental progress achieved since 2014 in understanding the weak decays of the charmed baryons.

Pei-Rong Li

Xiao-Rui Lyu

Yangheng Zheng

Experimental overview on the charmed baryon decays * The authors thank Fusheng Yu for useful discussions. The authors are supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China (12221005, 12422504); CAS Project for Young Scientists in Basic Research (YSBR-117); Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities, Lanzhou University (lzujbky-2025-ytB01, lzujbky-2023-stlt01, lzujbky-2023-it32), University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

Electroweak (EW) amplitudes in the gauge-Goldstone five-component formalism have a distinctive property: gauge symmetry is imprinted in the amplitudes, manifested as the massive Ward identity (MWI) $ k^M{\cal{M}}_M=0 $ . In this study, we used the HELAS package to numerically study gauge symmetry in EW amplitudes. First, we directly tested gauge symmetry by examining the MWI of amplitudes. Second, we modified the couplings within a vertex and among vertices to check if and how the MWI changes. Third, we tested gauge symmetry by considering the couplings modified by operators from the standard model effective field theory (SMEFT). Similar to the standard model, there are relations between different couplings that are protected by gauge symmetry. We observed that, if we modify the couplings to deviate from the relations, the MWI is violated. In contrast, the MWI is restored when the relations between couplings reduce to those in the SMEFT.

Wang-Fa Li

Junmou Chen

Qian-Jiu Wang

Zhao-Huan Yu

Numerical study on the gauge symmetry of electroweak amplitudes * Junmou Chen is supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (12205118), Wang-Fa Li, Qian-Jiu Wang, and Zhao-Huan Yu are supported by the Guangzhou Science and Technology Planning Project (2024A04J4026)

The high-density region of the QCD phase diagram displays an intricate competition between color superconductivity and the QCD Kondo effect due to color exchange in quark matter containing a single heavy quark impurity. We explore the characteristic impurity-induced superconducting subgap states arising in such systems by generalizing the surrogate model solver, recently considered in the context of condensed matter physics [<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.108.L220506">Phys. Rev. B 108, L220506 (2023)</a>]. The method consists of approximating the full superconducting bulk by only a small number of effective levels whose parameters are chosen so as to best reproduce the Matsubara frequency dependence of the impurity-bulk hybridization function. We numerically solve a surrogate QCD Kondo model describing a quantum impurity color exchange coupled to a two-color two-flavor superconducting bulk. The results directly indicate the presence of multiple phase transitions as the coupling of the impurity to the bulk is increased, due to the interplay between various overscreened states. The methods introduced here are straightforward enough to be extended to more realistic QCD scenarios.

Romania

Virgil V. Baran

Denmark

Jens Paaske

Yu-Shiba-Rusinov states in color-superconducting quark matter

In the framework of the relativized quark model, the mass spectra of the doubly heavy baryons are rigorously calculated in the three-quark system under the heavy-quark dominance mechanism, by using the Gaussian expansion method and the infinitesimally-shifted Gaussian basis functions. With the obtained mass spectra of all doubly heavy baryon families, the contribution of each Hamiltonian term to the energy levels is analyzed. It is found that the spin splitting is mainly determined by the spin-dependent interactions associated with the light quark. Moreover, it is shown that the spin splitting evolves regularly with the mass of heavy quarks by the evolution of the spectral structure, which is consistent with the heavy quark symmetry. Meanwhile, the orbital excitation is dominated by the $$\rho $$ -mode, which is different from that of the singly heavy baryons. At last, our analysis indicates that the $$\Xi _{cc}^{+}(3520)$$ state should not exist truly and the $$\Xi _{cc}^{++}(3621)$$ should be the true ground state with $$J^{P}$$ = $$\frac{1}{2}^{+}$$ . It is recommended to design the corresponding experiments to search for the $$\Xi _{cc}^{*}$$ in the energy range from 3694 to 3714 MeV.

Zhen-Yu Li

Guo-Liang Yu

Zhi-Gang Wang

Jian-Zhong Gu

Hong-Tao Shen

Mass spectra of doubly heavy baryons in the relativized quark model with heavy-quark dominance

The rigorous calculation of the spin-orbit terms in a three-quark system is realized based on the Gaussian expansion method and the infinitesimally-shifted Gaussian basis functions in the framework of the relativized quark model, by ignoring the mixing between different excited states. Then, the complete mass spectra of the singly heavy baryons are obtained rigorously, under the heavy-quark dominance mechanism. Accordingly, systematical analyses are performed for the reliability and predictive power of the model, the fine structure of the singly heavy baryon spectra, the assignments of the excited baryons, and some important topics about heavy baryon spectroscopy, such as the missing states, 'spin-orbit puzzle,' and clustering effect. The results confirm that, under the heavy-quark dominance mechanism, the relativized quark model can describe the excitation spectra and the fine structures of the singly heavy baryons correctly and precisely.

Mass spectra of singly heavy baryons in the relativized quark model with heavy-quark dominance * Supported by the Open Project of Guangxi Key Lab of Nuclear Physics and Technology (NLK2023-04), the Central Government Guidance Funds for Local Scientific and Technological Development in China (Guike ZY22096024), the Natural Science Foundation of Guizhou Province-ZK[2024](General Project)650, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (11675265, 12175068), the Continuous Basic Scientific Research Project (WDJC-2019-13) and the Leading Innovation Project (LC 192209000701)

We investigate the alpha-decay width of a near proton-threshold resonance in 11B by the excitation functions of 7Li( <italic>&#945;, &#945;</italic>) and 7Li( <italic>&#945;, &#945;</italic>&#8217;) reactions. This resonance is an example of loosely bound atomic nuclei, understood as small open quantum systems, that exhibit properties significantly influenced by their coupling to the continuum. The present experiment focuses on the formation of a specific state in 11B at excitation energy in the region near 11.4 MeV by bombarding a 7Li target with a 4He beam at energies ranging from 3.92 to 4.56 MeV in the laboratory frame. The study provides data complementary to previous observations of the proton emission in the <italic>&#946;</italic>-decay of the neutron-rich halo nucleus 11Be. An R-matrix fit to the data provides resonance energy and partial widths consistent with <italic>J&#960;</italic>= <math altimg='si1.svg'><mrow><mn>1</mn><mo linebreak='goodbreak'>/</mo><msup><mn>2</mn><mo>+</mo></msup></mrow></math> for a narrow near-threshold state in 11B at 11.400(20) MeV, that is 171(20) keV above the proton emission threshold, with partial <italic>&#945;</italic>-decay width &#915; <inf><italic>&#945;</italic></inf>=2.5 <math altimg='si10.svg'><msubsup><mrow /><mrow><mo>&#8722;</mo><mn>1.5</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>3.5</mn></mrow></msubsup></math> keV in elastic scattering and &#915; <inf><italic>&#945;</italic>'</inf>=15.8 <math altimg='si11.svg'><msubsup><mrow /><mrow><mo>&#8722;</mo><mn>0.4</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>+</mo><mn>1.9</mn></mrow></msubsup></math> keV in inelastic scattering. These findings contribute to the understanding of the structure of this open quantum system resonance.

United States

T. Tang

W. Mittig

Spain

Y. Ayyad

C. Hebborn

J.J. Kolata

P. O’Malley

T. Ahn

D. Bazin

M. Couder

A. Muñoz-Ramos

K. Manukyan

Z. Maschuq

J.S. Randhawa

N. Rijal

G.H. Sargsyan

W.W. von Seeger

Alpha-decay width of a near proton-threshold resonance in the 7Li( <italic>&#945;, &#945;</italic>) channel

We study $ \cos2\phi $ azimuthal asymmetry in doubly longitudinally polarized proton-proton Drell-Yan collisions within the transverse momentum dependent factorization framework. The asymmetry arises from the convolution of the longitudinal transversity distribution $ h_{1L}^{\perp} $ for both protons. Using the Bacchetta-Delcarro-Pisano-Radici-Signori parameterization for the nonperturbative Sudakov form factor and the Wandzura-Wilczek approximation for collinear $ h_{1L}^{\perp} $ , we predict the double spin asymmetry $ A_{LL}^{\cos2\phi} $ at RHIC and NICA kinematics. Our results demonstrate sensitivity to sea quark distributions, with the asymmetry reaching up to 25% for maximal sea quark contributions. These predictions highlight the potential of polarized Drell-Yan measurements to probe sea quark dynamics and advance our understanding of nucleon structures.

Hui Li

Ting Hu

Liang-Liang Liu

Xiao-Yu Wang

Zhun Lu

Asymmetry ${{\boldsymbol A}_{\boldsymbol{LL}}^{\bf\cos2\boldsymbol\phi}} $ in the polarized proton-proton Drell-Yan process within TMD factorization * Hui Li is supported by Fundamental Research Program of Shanxi Province (202203021222224) and Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Normal University (JCYJ2023021). Xiao-Yu Wang is supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province (242300421377, 232300421140)