Cosmic strings are powerful witnesses to cosmic events including any period of early matter domination. If such a period of matter domination was catalyzed by metastable, long-lived particles, then there will be complementary signals to ascertain the nature of the dark sector in experiments detecting primordial features in the gravitational wave (GW) power spectrum and laboratory searches for long-lived particles. We give explicit examples of global and local <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>U</mi><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>1</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></math> gauge extended dark sectors to demonstrate such a complementarity as the union of the two experiments reveals more information about the dark sector than either experiment. Demanding that Higgs-portal long-lived scalar be looked for, in various experiments such as DUNE, FASER, FASER-II, MATHUSLA, and SHiP, we identify the parameter space that leads to complementary observables for GW detectors such as the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna and Einstein Telescope.

China

Satyabrata Datta

India

Ambar Ghosal

Poland

Anish Ghoshal

United Kingdom

Graham White

Complementarity between cosmic string gravitational waves and long-lived particle searches in a laboratory

The validity range of the time-honored effective range expansion can be very limited due to the presence of a left-hand cut close to the two-particle threshold. Such a left-hand cut arises in the two-particle interaction involving a light particle exchange with a small mass or a mass slightly heavier than the mass difference of the two particles, identified as a long-range force, a scenario encountered in a broad range of systems. This can hinder a precise extraction of low-energy scattering observables and resonance poles. To address this issue, we propose a new parametrization for the low-energy scattering amplitude that accounts for the left-hand cut. The parametrization is like a Padé approximation but with nonanalytic terms from the left-hand cut and can be regarded as an extension of the effective range expansion. This parametrization is versatile and applicable to a broad range of systems with Yukawa-type interactions, including particle, hadronic, nuclear, cold atom, and quantum gas systems. In particular, it should be invaluable in understanding various near-threshold hadron resonances. As byproducts, we also show that the parametrization can be used to extract the couplings of the exchanged particle to the scattering particles, and derive expressions for amplitude zeros caused by the interplay between the short- and long-range interactions.

Meng-Lin Du

Feng-Kun Guo

Bing Wu

Effective-Range Expansion with a Long-Range Force

We present results for the dominant light-quark connected contribution to the long-distance window of the hadronic vacuum polarization (HVP) contribution to the muon <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></math> from lattice quantum chromodynamics. Specifically, with a new determination of the lattice scale on MILC’s physical-mass HISQ ensembles, using the <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msup><mi mathvariant="normal">Ω</mi><mo>−</mo></msup></math> baryon mass, we obtain a result of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>l</mi><mi>l</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>LD</mi></mrow></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mrow><mi>conn</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>400.2</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2.3</mn><msub><mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>stat</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3.7</mn><msub><mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>syst</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mn>4.3</mn><msub><mrow><mo stretchy="false">]</mo></mrow><mrow><mtext>total</mtext></mrow></msub><mo>×</mo><mspace linebreak="goodbreak"></mspace><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>10</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>. Summing this result with our recent determinations of the light-quark connected contributions to the short- and intermediate-distance windows, we obtain a subpercent precision determination of the light-quark-connected contribution to HVP of <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>l</mi><mi>l</mi></mrow></msubsup><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mrow><mi>conn</mi></mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>=</mo><mn>655.2</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2.3</mn><msub><mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>stat</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>3.9</mn><msub><mrow><mo stretchy="false">)</mo></mrow><mrow><mi>syst</mi></mrow></msub><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><mn>4.5</mn><msub><mrow><mo stretchy="false">]</mo></mrow><mrow><mtext>total</mtext></mrow></msub><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>10</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>. Finally, as a consistency check, we verify that an independent analysis of the full contribution is in agreement with the sum of individual windows. We discuss our future plans for improvements of our HVP calculations to meet the target precision of the Fermilab <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></math> experiment.

United States

Alexei Bazavov

Claude W. Bernard

David A. Clarke

Christine Davies

Carleton DeTar

Aida X. El-Khadra

Spain

Elvira Gámiz

Steven Gottlieb

Anthony V. Grebe

Leon Hostetler

William I. Jay

Hwancheol Jeong

Andreas S. Kronfeld

Shaun Lahert

Jack Laiho

G. Peter Lepage

Michael Lynch

Andrew T. Lytle

Craig McNeile

Ethan T. Neil

Curtis T. Peterson

James N. Simone

Jacob W. Sitison

Ruth S. Van de Water

Alejandro Vaquero

Hadronic Vacuum Polarization for the Muon <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></mrow></math> from Lattice QCD: Long-Distance and Full Light-Quark Connected Contribution

We study defects in symmetry breaking phases, such as domain walls, vortices, and hedgehogs. In particular, we focus on the localized gapless excitations which sometimes occur at the cores of these objects. These are topologically protected by an ’t Hooft anomaly. We classify different symmetry breaking phases in terms of the anomalies of these defects, and relate them to the anomaly of the broken symmetry by an anomaly-matching formula. We also derive the obstruction to the existence of a symmetry breaking phase with a local defect. We obtain these results using a long exact sequence of groups of invertible field theories, which we call the “symmetry breaking long exact sequence” (SBLES). The mathematical backbone of the SBLES is studied in a companion paper [1]. Our work further develops the theory of higher Berry phase and its bulk-boundary correspondence, and serves as a new computational tool for classifying symmetry protected topological phases.

Arun Debray

Sanath Devalapurkar

Cameron Krulewski

Yu Liu

Natalia Pacheco-Tallaj

Ryan Thorngren

A long exact sequence in symmetry breaking: order parameter constraints, defect anomaly-matching, and higher Berry phases

In this work, we investigate in a quantitative way how much radiative corrections to the matter potential for neutrino oscillations can impact the sensitivity to neutrino mass ordering in long-baseline accelerator experiments. Using numerical simulations for the future experiment DUNE, we find that the statistical significance for excluding the incorrect mass ordering can be enhanced by about <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>0.4</mn><mi>σ</mi></math> if a one-loop correction of 2.0%—based on the Fermi coupling constant <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><msub><mi>G</mi><mi>μ</mi></msub></math> derived from measurements of muon lifetime—is included. The radiative corrections at one-loop level lead to resolving the neutrino mass ordering at <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mn>5</mn><mi>σ</mi></math> confidence level 4–9 days earlier than at tree level. In contrast, the sensitivity to leptonic <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>C</mi><mi>P</mi></math> violation in DUNE is essentially unchanged. Finally, we emphasize that one-loop corrections should be incorporated into analyses of future neutrino oscillation data in a consistent and systematic manner.

Jihong Huang

Sweden

Tommy Ohlsson

Sampsa Vihonen

Shun Zhou

Effects of the matter potential at one-loop level on neutrino oscillations in long-baseline experiments

Atom interferometers offer exceptional sensitivity to ultralight dark matter (ULDM) by precisely measuring effects on atomic systems. Previous studies have demonstrated their capability to detect scalar and vector ULDM candidates, yet their potential for probing spin-2 ULDM remains unexplored. In this work, we address this gap by investigating the sensitivity of atom interferometers to spin-2 ULDM across several frameworks for massive gravity, including the Lorentz-invariant Fierz-Pauli case and two distinct Lorentz-violating scenarios. We show that coherent oscillations of the spin-2 ULDM field induce measurable phase shifts in atom interferometers through three coupling mechanisms; scalar interactions that modify atomic energy levels, and vector and tensor effects that alter the propagation of both atoms and light. We demonstrate that these multifaceted interactions enable atom interferometers to probe a range of ULDM properties and mass scales that are inaccessible to laser interferometric gravitational wave detectors. Our results establish the potential of atom interferometers to open a new experimental frontier for spin-2 dark matter detection.

Diego Blas

John Carlton

Christopher McCabe

Massive graviton dark matter searches with long-baseline atom interferometers

This paper investigates the search for long-lived dark scalars from exotic Higgs boson decays at the Future Circular Collider in its $\textit{e}$ $\textit{e}$ stage, FCC-ee, considering an integrated luminosity of 10$\textit{.}$8 ab collected during the ZH run at a center-of-mass energy $$ \sqrt{s} $$ = 240 GeV. The work considers $\textit{Zh}$ events where the $\textit{Z}$ boson decays leptonically and the Higgs boson $\textit{h}$ decays into two long-lived dark scalars $\textit{s}$ which further decay into bottom anti-bottom quark pairs. The analysis is performed using a parametrized simulation of the IDEA detector concept and targets dark scalar decays in the tracking volume, resulting in multiple displaced vertices in the final state. The sensitivity towards long-lived dark scalars at FCC-ee is estimated using an event selection requiring two opposite-charge, same-flavor leptons compatible with the $\textit{Z}$ boson, and at least two displaced vertices in the final state. The selection is seen to efficiently remove the Standard Model background, while retaining sensitivity for dark scalar masses between $\textit{m}$ = 20 GeV and $\textit{m}$ = 60 GeV and mean proper lifetimes $\textit{cτ}$ between approximately 10 mm and 10 m. The results show that the search strategy has potential to probe Higgs to dark scalar branching ratios as low as 10 for a mean proper lifetime $\textit{cτ}$ ≈ 1 m. The results provide the first sensitivity estimate for exotic Higgs decays at FCC-ee with the IDEA detector concept, using the common FCC framework.

G. Ripellino

M. Voorde

A. Gallén

R. Suarez

Searching for long-lived dark scalars at the FCC-ee

This paper introduces a novel systematic construction of gapped domain walls (GDWs) within the Levin-Wen (LW) model. By gluing two LW models along their open sides in a compatible way, we achieve a complete GDW classification by subsets of bulk input data, which encompass the classifications in terms of bimodule categories. A generalized bimodule structure is introduced to capture domain-wall excitations. Furthermore, we demonstrate that folding along any GDW yields a gapped boundary (GB) described by a Frobenius algebra of the input UFC for the folded model, thus bridging our GDW classification and the GB classification in [1].

Yanyan Chen

Siyuan Wang

Yu Zhao

Yuting Hu

Yidun Wan

Classification of gapped domain walls of topological orders in 2+1 dimensions: a Levin-Wen model realization

We provide the first ab initio calculation of the Euclidean long-distance window of the isospin-symmetric light-quark connected contribution to the hadronic vacuum polarization for the muon <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></math> and find <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>LD</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>iso</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>conn</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>ud</mi></mrow></msubsup><mo>=</mo><mn>411.4</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>4.3</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2.4</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>10</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math>. We also provide the currently most precise calculation of the total isospin-symmetric light-quark connected contribution, <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><msubsup><mrow><mi>a</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>μ</mi></mrow><mrow><mi>iso</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>conn</mi><mo>,</mo><mi>ud</mi></mrow></msubsup><mo>=</mo><mn>666.2</mn><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>4.3</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo stretchy="false">(</mo><mn>2.5</mn><mo stretchy="false">)</mo><mo>×</mo><msup><mrow><mn>10</mn></mrow><mrow><mo>−</mo><mn>10</mn></mrow></msup></mrow></math> in the BMW20 world, which is more than <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>4</mn><mi>σ</mi></mrow></math> larger compared to the data-driven estimates of Boito et al. [<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevD.107.074001">Phys. Rev. D 107, 074001 (2023)</a>] and <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mrow><mn>1.7</mn><mi>σ</mi></mrow></math> larger compared to the lattice QCD result of BMW20.

T. Blum

P.A. Boyle

Italy

M. Bruno

B. Chakraborty

CERN

F. Erben

V. Gülpers

Germany

A. Hackl

N. Hermansson-Truedsson

R.C. Hill

T. Izubuchi

L. Jin

C. Jung

C. Lehner

J. McKeon

A.S. Meyer

M. Tomii

J.T. Tsang

X.Y. Tuo

Long-Distance Window of the Hadronic Vacuum Polarization for the Muon <math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><mi>g</mi><mo>−</mo><mn>2</mn></math>

Electron antineutrinos are emitted in the decay chains of the fission products inside a reactor core and could be used for remote monitoring of nuclear reactors. The DANSS detector is placed under the core of the 3.1 GW power reactor at the Kalinin Nuclear Power Plant (KNPP) and collects up to 5000 antineutrino events per day. DANSS measured changes of the reactor power by antineutrino counting rates over 7 years with 1.0% accuracy in one week periods. The fission fractions of four major isotopes for the reactor power calculations were provided by KNPP. The systematic uncertainty of this measurement is less than 0.8%. It is comparable to the accuracy of conventional methods of the reactor power measurements while it is based on completely different approach. For the first time the 239Pu and 235U fission fractions were reconstructed using antineutrino inverse beta-decay spectrum which is a completely new technique. This method was applied to the data from three reactor fuel campaigns (approximately 1.5 year each). The reconstructed fission fractions in about two-week measurements and the fission fractions provided by KNPP coincide within better than 3% accuracy. This provides confidence in both completely different approaches of the fission fraction determination.

Russia

I. Alekseev

V. Belov

A. Bystryakov

M. Danilov

D. Filosofov

M. Fomina

P. Gorovtsov

Ye. Iusko

S. Kazartsev

V. Khvatov

S. Kiselev

A. Kobyakin

A. Krapiva

A. Kuznetsov

I. Machikhiliyan

N. Mashin

D. Medvedev

V. Nesterov

D. Ponomarev

I. Rozova

N. Rumyantseva

V. Rusinov

A. Salamatin

E. Samigullin

Ye. Shevchik

M. Shirchenko

Czechia

Yu. Shitov

N. Skrobova

D. Svirida

E. Tarkovsky

E. Yakushev

I. Zhitnikov

A. Yakovleva

D. Zinatulina

Long term remote reactor power and fuel composition monitoring using antineutrinos